Periodontal disease in free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) from the Mount Lofty Ranges,South Australia,and its association with koala retrovirus infection     

RG Butcher  LM Pettett  J Fabijan  E Ebrahimie  M Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh  KN Speight  WSJ Boardman  PS Bird  DJ Trott 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(5):200-206

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The origin of planetary impactors in the inner solar system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Strom RG  Malhotra R  Ito T  Yoshida F  Kring DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5742):1847-1850

Insights into the history of the inner solar system can be derived from the impact cratering record of the Moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury and from the size distributions of asteroid populations. Old craters from a unique period of heavy bombardment that ended approximately 3.8 billion years ago were made by asteroids that were dynamically ejected from the main asteroid belt, possibly due to the orbital migration of the giant planets. The impactors of the past approximately 3.8 billion years have a size distribution quite different from that of the main belt asteroids but very similar to that of near-Earth asteroids.  相似文献   

A new look at the saturn system: the voyager 2 images     

Smith BA  Soderblom L  Batson R  Bridges P  Inge J  Masursky H  Shoemaker E  Beebe R  Boyce J  Briggs G  Bunker A  Collins SA  Hansen CJ  Johnson TV  Mitchell JL  Terrile RJ  Cook AF  Cuzzi J  Pollack JB  Danielson GE  Ingersoll AP  Davies ME  Hunt GE  Morrison D  Owen T  Sagan C  Veverka J  Strom R  Suomi VE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,215(4532):504-537

Voyager 2 photography has complemented that of Voyager I in revealing many additional characteristics of Saturn and its satellites and rings. Saturn's atmosphere contains persistent oval cloud features reminiscent of features on Jupiter. Smaller irregular features track out a pattern of zonal winds that is symmetric about Saturn's equator and appears to extend to great depth. Winds are predominantly eastward and reach 500 meters per second at the equator. Titan has several haze layers with significantly varying optical properties and a northern polar "collar" that is dark at short wavelengths. Several satellites have been photographed at substantially improved resolution. Enceladus' surface ranges from old, densely cratered terrain to relatively young, uncratered plains crossed by grooves and faults. Tethys has a crater 400 kilometers in diameter whose floor has domed to match Tethys' surface curvature and a deep trench that extends at least 270 degrees around Tethys' circumference. Hyperion is cratered and irregular in shape. Iapetus' bright, trailing hemisphere includes several dark-floored craters, and Phoebe has a very low albedo and rotates in the direction opposite to that of its orbital revolution with a period of 9 hours. Within Saturn's rings, the "birth" of a spoke has been observed, and surprising azimuthal and time variability is found in the ringlet structure of the outer B ring. These observations lead to speculations about Saturn's internal structure and about the collisional and thermal history of the rings and satellites.  相似文献   

The jupiter system through the eyes of voyager 1     

Smith BA  Soderblom LA  Johnson TV  Ingersoll AP  Collins SA  Shoemaker EM  Hunt GE  Masursky H  Carr MH  Davies ME  Cook AF  Boyce J  Danielson GE  Owen T  Sagan C  Beebe RF  Veverka J  Strom RG  McCauley JF  Morrison D  Briggs GA  Suomi VE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,204(4396):951-972

The cameras aboard Voyager 1 have provided a closeup view of the Jupiter system, revealing heretofore unknown characteristics and phenomena associated with the planet's atmosphere and the surfaces of its five major satellites. On Jupiter itself, atmospheric motions-the interaction of cloud systems-display complex vorticity. On its dark side, lightning and auroras are observed. A ring was discovered surrounding Jupiter. The satellite surfaces display dramatic differences including extensive active volcanismn on Io, complex tectonism on Ganymnede and possibly Europa, and flattened remnants of enormous impact features on Callisto.  相似文献   

Microbial ecology of ocean biogeochemistry: a community perspective     

Strom SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5879):1043-1045

The oceans harbor a tremendous diversity of marine microbes. Different functional groups of bacteria, archaea, and protists arise from this diversity to dominate various habitats and drive globally important biogeochemical cycles. Explanations for the distribution of microbial taxa and their associated activity often focus on resource availability and abiotic conditions. However, the continual reshaping of communities by mortality, allelopathy, symbiosis, and other processes shows that community interactions exert strong selective pressure on marine microbes. Deeper exploration of microbial interactions is now possible via molecular prospecting and taxon-specific experimental approaches. A holistic outlook that encompasses the full array of selective pressures on individuals will help elucidate the maintenance of microbial diversity and the regulation of biogeochemical reactions by planktonic communities.  相似文献   

Suspected fatal venous air embolism during anaesthesia in a Pomeranian dog with pulmonary calcification     

VP Walsh  RG Machon  JS Munday  CJ Broome 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):359-362

CASE HISTORY: Death occurred in a 1.25 kg, 9-month-old female Pomeranian dog undergoing anaesthesia for surgical repair of partially healed fractures of the radius and ulna.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Following sedation, anaesthesia was induced using thiopentone and maintained with halothane in oxygen. An acute decrease in the dog's end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂) measurements was noted approximately 50 min after induction, immediately following delivery of a 5-ml bolus of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) administered to flush a small (0.06 ml) volume of fentanyl via a pre-placed intravenous (I/V) catheter. Venous air embolism (VAE) was suspected and the dog died despite interventive therapy. On post-mortem examination, several air bubbles were noted when the right ventricle was opened under water. Histologically, the kidneys appeared abnormal with immature glomeruli, and the lungs appeared diffusely mineralised. The origin of the air was probably small bubbles and microbubbles that may have been present in the extension set and 20 ml syringe used for the administration of fentanyl and I/V fluids to the dog.

DIAGNOSIS: Renal dysplasia and diffuse pulmonary calcification, with VAE as the probable cause of death.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this case of VAE-associated anaesthetic death, it is further speculated that underlying pulmonary disease, in the form of pulmonary calcification, may have contributed to an increased sensitivity to the adverse effects of VAE.  相似文献   

Emerging technologies for identifying superior dairy cows in New Zealand     

DJ Garrick  RG Snell 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):390-399

The performance of animals is determined by the interaction of their genes with environmental circumstances. Accordingly, animals exhibiting superior performance are not necessarily the animals with the best genes nor are they the best choice of parents. Statistical analyses of production records for repeated traits, e.g. lactation yields and reproductive performance, show that part of the variation in performance among animals in the same herd and year is due to genetic differences, and the remainder is due to so-called residual or environmental factors that are not passed on to offspring. These within-herd environmental factors can be partitioned into a component that affects performance throughout an animal's lifetime, and a part that is unique to each observation. The process of animal evaluation from pedigree and performance records partitions the superiority of each cow into these three components. Reliable assessment of the genetic merit of bulls has required progeny testing, and for cows has required observation of their own individual performance. Selection on the genetic or breeding value component has systematically improved animal performance over recent decades, but has been limited by the age at which assessments of genetic merit are available.

Emerging molecular technologies can read DNA sequences or measure RNA expression and have allowed the identification of a number of chromosome regions, and a few specific genes in those regions, that influence economic performance. This information allows better characterisation of the relationships between animals and more accurate predictions of genetic merit in bulls without progeny information and in cows that have yet to produce their own performance record. At some stage, enough genes responsible for variation in performance will be identified to allow faster genetic progress through selection of animals at young ages and therefore more rapid turnover of the generations. Mechanisms that modify gene expression have been identified and these may ultimately allow animals to be selected at an early age for lifetime productivity, accounting for processes that modify gene expression and lead to differences in performance that are not reflected by DNA sequence information. This review describes the status of these emerging technologies and their likely role in the improvement of dairy cattle.  相似文献   

Abortions in sheep caused by Salmonella Brandenburg: Pathological findings     

RG Clark  JM Gill  RA Fairley  JA Smart 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):356-357

CASE HISTORY: A 7-year-old cat developed sporadic vomiting, reduced appetite, and weight loss over the previous 3 months.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Palpation revealed a large mid-abdominal mass and the cat had marked eosinophilia. The cat progressively lost weight over the next 7 weeks when euthanasia was performed.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Necropsy revealed a 3?cm diameter firm white intramural mass in the colon and another in the pylorus. Mesenteric and cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were firm, pale, and enlarged. Histopathological examination revealed foci of necrosis surrounded by thick dense collagen trabeculae and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation within the intestine and lymph nodes. Marked eosinophilic infiltration of the liver was also present.

DIAGNOSIS: The lesions were consistent with gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first report of FGESF in a New Zealand cat and the first time lesions of FGESF have been observed in extra-abdominal tissues. Intestinal neoplasia can be clinically identical to FGESF and histopathology is required for differentiation. Evidence suggests that FGESF has a more favourable prognosis than intestinal neoplasia.  相似文献   

Salmonella Brandenburg — emergence of a variant strain on a sheep farm in the South Island of New Zealand     

RG Clark  S Swanney  CM Nicol  M Leyland  SG Fenwick 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):146-147

AIM: To compare the rectal and I/V administration of tramadol in dogs, to assess both its pharmacokinetic properties and absolute bioavailability.

METHODS: After rectal administration via suppositories and I/V injection of tramadol (4 mg/kg), the concentration of tramadol and its main metabolites, O-desmethyl-tramadol (M1), N-desmethyl-tramadol (M2) and N,O-didesmethyl-tramadol (M5), were determined in plasma, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A balanced cross-over study was used, involving six male Beagle dogs.

RESULTS: Plasma concentrations after rectal and I/V administration were fitted on the basis of mono- and bi-compartmental models, respectively. Following rectal administration tramadol was detected from 5 minutes up to 10 hours, in lesser amounts than M5 and M2, while M1 was detected in negligible amounts. Following I/V administration tramadol was detected up to 10 hours, M2 and M5 were detected at similar concentrations, and M1 was present at low concentrations. The area under the curve (AUC) of the three metabolites did not differ significantly after either route of administration of tramadol. The absolute bioavailability of tramadol via rectal administration was 10 (SD 4)%.

CONCLUSIONS: After rectal administration of tramadol suppositories, absorption of the active ingredient was rapid, but its metabolism quickly transformed the parent drug to high levels of M2 and M5.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the dog, rectal pharmaceutical formulation of tramadol would have a different pharmacokinetic behaviour than in humans.  相似文献   

Osteochondritis dissecans on the lateral femoral trochlear ridge in a dog     

H. Strom  H. Raskov  J. Arnbjerg 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(1):43-44

A case of osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral trochlear ridge in a young dog is presented. The localisation is rare and diagnosis and treatment are discussed.  相似文献