Impact of water availability on root growth of sugar beet varieties     

Tamara F. J. Fitters  Sacha J. Mooney  Debbie L. Sparkes 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):1033-1043

On average, sugar beet yield in the UK is reduced by 10% due to water limitation. The root system of a plant is responsible for water uptake and hence an extensive root system is crucial to mitigate drought stress. There might be varietal differences when it comes to plant root system architecture but so far none have been reported in sugar beet. This study shows the results of 2 years of field experiments, examining the rooting patterns and overall plant growth of sugar beet under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. In the first year, three varieties were assessed, and in the second year, five varieties. No significant yield differences were found between the rainfed and irrigated treatments, which is likely due to the applied drought stress only being mild in both years. There were, however, significant varietal differences in plant growth and rooting patterns in rainfed plants which were most distinct when plants were subjected to mild drought stress. Varietal differences observed might indicate the possibility of breeding for certain root traits to mitigate drought stress in sugar beet in the future.  相似文献   

The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei     

Berriman M  Ghedin E  Hertz-Fowler C  Blandin G  Renauld H  Bartholomeu DC  Lennard NJ  Caler E  Hamlin NE  Haas B  Böhme U  Hannick L  Aslett MA  Shallom J  Marcello L  Hou L  Wickstead B  Alsmark UC  Arrowsmith C  Atkin RJ  Barron AJ  Bringaud F  Brooks K  Carrington M  Cherevach I  Chillingworth TJ  Churcher C  Clark LN  Corton CH  Cronin A  Davies RM  Doggett J  Djikeng A  Feldblyum T  Field MC  Fraser A  Goodhead I  Hance Z  Harper D  Harris BR  Hauser H  Hostetler J  Ivens A  Jagels K  Johnson D  Johnson J  Jones K  Kerhornou AX  Koo H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):416-422

African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately 900 pseudogenes and approximately 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.  相似文献   

Presumptive increase in protein‐bound serum calcium in a dog with multiple myeloma     

Chelsea D. Tripp  Jeffrey N. Bryan  Tamara B. Wills 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(1):87-90

Abstract: An 11‐year‐old male castrated Australian Shepherd was presented with a history of lethargy, panting, and weight loss for 1 month. Physical examination revealed a moderately enlarged spleen. Laboratory abnormalities included thrombocytopenia and marked hypercalcemia, with hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and a monoclonal spike in the β‐globulin region on serum protein electrophoresis. Serum total calcium concentration was markedly increased (16.5 mg/dL, reference interval 8.9–11.4 mg/dL) but ionized calcium concentration (1.39 mmol/L) was within the reference interval (1.25–1.45 mmol/L). Isosthenuria was noted, but the dog was not polyuric or polydipsic. Serum parathyroid hormone concentration was within reference limits and parathyroid hormone‐related peptide concentration was 0 pmol/L. Radiographic findings were largely unremarkable. Results of cytologic evaluation of a fine‐needle aspirate specimen from the spleen indicated plasma cell neoplasia. Based on the results of the electrophoresis, splenic aspirates, radiographs, and hypercalcemia, a diagnosis of splenic multiple myeloma was made. The marked hypercalcemia, normal ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations, and lack of osteolytic lesions indicated a presumptive increase in protein‐bound serum calcium, likely due to binding to molecules of the paraprotein (M protein). Protein binding of calcium in dogs with multiple myeloma should be considered as a potential mechanism of elevated total serum calcium concentration.  相似文献   

What Do We Really Know About the Drugs We Use to Treat Chronic Pain?     

Tamara Grubb 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2010,25(1):10-19

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Hemodynamic Effects of Calcium Gluconate Administered to Conscious Horses     

Tamara L. Grubb DVM    J.H. Foreman  G. John Benson  John C. Thurmon  William J. Tranquilli  Peter D. Constable  William O. Olson  Lloyd E. Davis 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(6):401-404

Calcium gluconate was administered to conscious horses at 3 different rates (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg/min for 15 minutes each). Serum calcium concentrations and parameters of cardiovascular function were evaluated. All 3 calcium administration rates caused marked increases in both ionized and total calcium concentrations, cardiac index, stroke index, and cardiac contractility (dP/dt_max). Mean arterial pressure and right atrial pressure were unchanged; heart rate de creased markedly during calcium administration. Ionized calcium concentration remained between 54% and 57% of total calcium concentration throughout the study. We conclude that calcium gluconate can safely be administered to conscious horses at 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg/min and that administration will result in improved cardiac function.  相似文献   

Preface: The Role of the Veterinarian in Hospice and Palliative Care     

Tamara S. Shearer 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2011,41(3):xi

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Pet Hospice and Palliative Care Protocols     

Tamara S. Shearer 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2011,41(3):507-518

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Characterization of AMD Pollution in the River Tinto (SW Spain). Geochemical Comparison Between Generating Source and Receiving Environment     

Maria Luisa de la Torre  Jose Antonio Grande  Jorge Grai?o  Tamara G??mez  Juan Carlos Cer??n 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):3-19

With the aim of obtaining precise knowledge of the spatial?Ctemporal behavior of the chemistry of the river Tinto, both in the area of the headwaters, close to the point at which the acid mine drainage (AMD) pollution is carried into this river, and in the area before tidal influence, daily sampling was carried out from the end of October 2007 to the beginning of June 2008. In addition to pH, conductivity, and redox potential, sulfates, As, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn were determined for each sample. By studying the results obtained from the statistical processing applied, it can be deduced, first and foremost, that the river Tinto is a watercourse which is highly polluted by acid mine drainage throughout its length. It can also be determined that the order of abundance of the polluting elements, in terms of the concentration of the various parameters in milligrams per liter, follows the pattern, both in the generating source and the receiving environment: SO₄ > Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cd > As. The concentration values for As carried into the river in the generating source, with average values of 640???g?l^?1 and with a maximum of 1,540???g?l^?1 (ten times greater than the maximum found in the receiving environment), far exceed 10???g?l^?1, the value established by the EU as the maximum permissible concentration in drinking water, as a consequence of the high eco-toxicity of this element. Specifically, in the correlation matrix, no correlation was found between the variables for both points. It can only be made out in the cross-correlation function graphs through low correlation, prior to time t?=?0, that pollution in the generating source leads to pollution in the receiving environment.  相似文献   

Critical Nitrogen Deposition Loads in High-elevation Lakes of the Western US Inferred from Paleolimnological Records     

Jasmine E. Saros  David W. Clow  Tamara Blett  Alexander P. Wolfe 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):193-202

Critical loads of nitrogen (N) from atmospheric deposition were determined for alpine lake ecosystems in the western US using fossil diatom assemblages in lake sediment cores. Changes in diatom species over the last century were indicative of N enrichment in two areas, the eastern Sierra Nevada, starting between 1960 and 1965, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, starting in 1980. In contrast, no changes in diatom community structure were apparent in lakes of Glacier National Park. To determine critical N loads that elicited these community changes, we modeled wet nitrogen deposition rates for the period in which diatom shifts first occurred in each area using deposition data spanning from 1980 to 2007. We determined a critical load of 1.4 kg N ha^?1 year^?1 wet N deposition to elicit key nutrient enrichment effects on diatom communities in both the eastern Sierra Nevada and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.  相似文献   

Multivariate Spatial Analysis of Climate Change Projections     

Tamara A. Greasby  Stephan R. Sain 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2011,16(4):571-585

The goal of this work is to characterize the annual temperature for regional climate models. Of interest for impacts studies, these profiles and the potential change in these profiles are a new way to describe climate change and the inherent uncertainty. To that end, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical spatial model to simultaneously model the temperature profile for the four seasons of the year, current and future. These profiles are then analyzed focusing on understanding how they change over time, how they vary spatially, and how they vary between five different regional climate models. The results show that for temperature, the regional models have different profile shapes depending on a number of factors including spatial location, driving climate model, and regional climate model. This article has supplementary material online.  相似文献