Microhabitat use of the diamond darter     

Stuart A. Welsh  Dustin M. Smith  Nate D. Taylor 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(4):587-595

The only known extant population of the diamond darter (Crystallaria cincotta) exists in the lower 37 km of Elk River, WV, USA. Our understanding of diamond darter habitat use was previously limited, because few individuals have been observed during sampling with conventional gears. We quantified microhabitat use of diamond darters based on measurements of water depth, water velocity and per cent substrate composition. Using spotlights at night‐time, we sampled 16 sites within the lower 133 km of Elk River and observed a total of 82 diamond darters at 10 of 11 sampling sites within the lower 37 km. Glides, located immediately upstream of riffles, were the primary habitats sampled for diamond darters, which included relatively shallow depths (<1 m), moderate‐to‐low water velocities (often < 0.5 m·s^?1) and a smooth water surface. Microhabitat use (mean ± SE) of diamond darters was estimated for depth (0.47 ± 0.02 m), average velocity (0.27 ± 0.01 m·s^?1) and bottom velocity (0.15 ± 0.01 m·s^?1). Substrate used (mean ± SE) by diamond darters was predominantly sand intermixed with lesser amounts of gravel and cobble: % sand (52.1 ± 1.6), % small gravel (12.2 ± 0.78), % large gravel (14.2 ± 0.83), % cobble (19.8 ± 0.96) and % boulder (1.6 ± 0.36). Based on our microhabitat use data, conservation and management efforts for this species should consider preserving glide habitats within Elk River. Spotlighting, a successful sampling method for diamond darters, should be considered for study designs of population estimation and long‐term monitoring.  相似文献   

A comparison of cypermethrin distribution on cattle hair after application of impregnated ear and tail tags     

Stuart M. Taylor  Christopher T. Elliott  William J. Blanchflower 《Pest management science》1987,21(1):39-43

Ten dairy cows were separated into two groups of five. One group was ear tagged with a PVC ear tag containing 8-5 g kg^?1 cypermethrin in each ear. A PVC strip impregnated with the same quantity of cypermethrin was attached to the tail of each cow in the other group. The concentration of cypermethrin in hair samples from the neck, flanks and the anterior, sides and the posterior of the udder was measured for a period of 10 weeks after application. Concentrations were found to be high in those body areas nearest to the points of application, moderate on the flanks but low on the front and sides of the udder.  相似文献   

Pen-side test for the diagnosis of rinderpest in Pakistan     

Hussain M  Iqbal M  Taylor WP  Roeder PL 《The Veterinary record》2001,149(10):300-302

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Morphine, pethidine and buprenorphine disposition in the cat     

Taylor PM  Robertson SA  Dixon MJ  Ruprah M  Sear JW  Lascelles BD  Waters C  Bloomfield M 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2001,24(6):391-398

Pharmacokinetics of morphine, buprenorphine and pethidine were determined in 10 cats. Six cats received morphine (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously and four intramuscularly. Five received buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg) intravenously and six intramuscularly. Six received pethidine (5 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Jugular venous blood samples were collected at time points to 24 h, and plasma morphine concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC), buprenorphine by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and pethidine by gas chromatography. Our data for morphine show elimination half-life (t1/2el) 76.3 min intravenous (i.v.) and 93.6 min intramuscular (i.m.); mean residence time (MRT) 105.0 and 120.5 min; clearance (Clp) 24.1 and 13.9 mL/kg/min; and volume of distribution (V(dss)) 2.6 and 1.7 L/kg, respectively. Comparable data for buprenorphine are t1/2el 416.8 and 380.2 min; MRT 417.6 and 409.8 min; Clp 16.7 and 23.7 mL/kg/min; and V(dss) 7.1 and 8.9 L/kg. For i.m. pethidine, t1/2el 216.4 min; MRT 307.5 min; Clp 20.8 mL/kg/min and V(dss) 5.2 L/kg. For i.m. dosing, the tmax for morphine, buprenorphine and pethidine were 15, 3 and 10 min, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of the three opioids in cats are broadly comparable with those of the dog, although there is a suggestion that the cat may clear morphine more slowly.  相似文献   

Rehabilitation and conditioning of sporting dogs.     

Denis J Marcellin-Little  David Levine  Robert Taylor 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(6):1427-39, ix

Owners and trainers exercise sporting dogs to increase their fitness and optimize their conditioning and performance. Training is designed to in-crease strength, endurance, and agility and is sport-specific. Sporting dogs are susceptible to specific musculoskeletal injuries. The rehabilitation of sporting dogs after these injuries follows specific principles during the acute, subacute, and reconditioning periods.  相似文献   

Facing the future without methyl bromide-are alternatives available to this versatile fumigant?     

Robert Taylor 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(1):3-6

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Synthesis and herbicidal activity of some potent bicyclic ether herbicides     

Wendy S. Taylor  James E. Powell  Eileen L. Marsilii  Kathryn J. Leep 《Pest management science》1995,44(1):85-87

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Ultrasonographic anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint     

Weller R  Taylor S  Maierl J  Cauvin ER  May SA 《Equine veterinary journal》1999,31(6):529-532

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Effects of hypertonic saline infusion on the adrenocortical response to thiopental-halothane anesthesia in sheep after premedication with acepromazine     

Taylor PM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(1):77-82

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether hypertonic saline infusion would prevent hypotension and pituitary-adrenocortical axis activation during halothane anesthesia after acepromazine premedication and thiopental induction in sheep. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover study. ANIMALS: Six Welsh Mountain ewes weighing 40+/-2 kg and aged 2 to 3 years. METHODS: The sheep were studied on two occasions with 2 weeks between anesthetics. After acepromazine premedication, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained for 120 minutes with halothane. During the first 15 minutes of anesthesia, 7.5% saline (4 mL/kg) was infused intravenously (HS group), but no infusion was given in the control (CONT) group. Sequential blood samples were taken for blood gas, cortisol, adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucose, and lactate assay. RESULTS: Hypotension developed in both treatments; blood pressure decreased to a nadir of 58+/-5 mm Hg in the HS group and to 63+/-4 mm Hg in the CONT group (P>.05). Plasma cortisol increased significantly in both groups, reaching a peak of 420+/-130 nmol/L in HS and 483+/-157 nmol/L in CONT (P>.05). ACTH increased similarly in both groups, reaching 128+/-64 pmol/L in HS and 134+/-55 pmol/L in CONT (P>.05). pH was slightly higher in CONT, but no other differences were detected between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertonic saline did not ameliorate the adrenocortical response during anesthesia; this may be a result of its failure to prevent the hypotension.  相似文献   

Effects of interferents on the kinetic Jaffé reaction and an enzymatic colorimetric test for serum creatinine concentration determination in cats, cows, dogs and horses.          下载免费PDF全文

R M Jacobs  J H Lumsden  J A Taylor    E Grift 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1991,55(2):150-154

The effects of acetoacetic acid, acetone, bilirubin, beta-carotene, three cephalospoprin antibiotics, glucose, hemoglobin and lipid on the kinetic Jaffé reaction and an enzymatic reaction for the determination of creatinine concentration were studied in bovine, canine, feline and equine serum. There were no obvious species' differences. The kinetic Jaffé reaction was unaffected by the addition of beta-carotene and hemoglobin. Acetone, cefazolin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur and glucose caused a positive bias while acetoacetic acid, bilirubin, and lipid caused a negative bias when added to the kinetic Jaffé reaction. The enzymatic reaction was unaffected by the addition of acetoacetic acid, acetone, beta-carotene, cefazolin, cefoxitin, glucose and hemoglobin while added lipid, bilirubin and ceftiofur caused a negative bias in the test results. Over all species and interferents, there was no difference in the precision of the two assay methods. In a series of sera from hospitalized patients, the two methods were highly correlated in a linear fashion. The enzymatic creatinine assay deals effectively with most interferents but has a greater cost and shorter shelf-life compared with the kinetic Jaffé reaction.  相似文献