Agricultural insect hybridization and implications for pest management     

Alberto S Corrêa  Erick MG Cordeiro  Celso Omoto 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2857-2864

Biological invasions, the expansion of agricultural frontiers, and climate change favor encounters of divergent lineages of animals and plants, increasing the likelihood of hybridization. However, hybridization of insect species and its consequences for agroecosystems have not received sufficient attention. Gene exchange between distinct and distant genetic pools can improve the survival and reproduction of insect pests, and threaten beneficial insects in disturbed agricultural environments. Hybridization may be the underlying explanation for the recurrent pest outbreaks and control failures in putative hybrid zones, as suspected for bollworm, corn borer, whiteflies, and stink bugs. Reliable predictions of the types of changes that can be expected in pest insect genomes and fitness, and of their impacts on the fate of species and populations remain elusive. Typical steps in pest management, such as insect identification, pest monitoring, and control are likely affected by gene flow and adaptive introgression mediated by hybridization, and we do not have ways to respond to or mitigate the problem. To address the adverse effects of farming intensification and global trade, we must ensure that current integrated pest management programs incorporate up‐to‐date monitoring and diagnostic tools. The rapid identification of hybrids, quantification of levels of introgression, and in‐depth knowledge of what genes have been transferred may help to explain and predict insect population outbreaks and control failures in the future. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Preventing dog bite wounds in people     

Mannion CJ  Kanatas A  Telfer MR 《The Veterinary record》2011,168(22):594

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Disaster preparation: lessons from Japan     

Coleman CN  Simon SL  Noska MA  Telfer JL  Bowman T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6036):1379

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A Magnetic Signature at Io: Initial Report from the Galileo Magnetometer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MG Kivelson  KK Khurana  RJ Walker  CT Russell  JA Linker  DJ Southwood  C Polanskey 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5273):337-340

During the inbound pass of the Galileo spacecraft, the magnetometer acquired 1 minute averaged measurements of the magnetic field along the trajectory as the spacecraft flew by Io. A field decrease, of nearly 40 percent of the background jovian field at closest approach to Io, was recorded. Plasma sources alone appear incapable of generating perturbations as large as those observed and an induced source for the observed moment implies an amount of free iron in the mantle much greater than expected. On the other hand, an intrinsic magnetic field of amplitude consistent with dynamo action at Io would explain the observations. It seems plausible that Io, like Earth and Mercury, is a magnetized solid planet.  相似文献   

Physical Characteristics of Commercial Pelleted Atlantic Salmon Feeds and Consideration of Implications for Modeling of Waste Dispersion through Sedimentation     

Yrong-Song Chen  Malcolm C.M. Beveridge  Trevor C. Telfer 《Aquaculture International》1999,7(2):89-100

Models used to employ waste dispersion from sea cages rarely take into account the physical characteristics of fish feed and faeces. In this study we determine the hardness, friability, water absorption properties and settling velocity of a range of commercial Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) feeds, under defined laboratory conditions.Hardness of large, high energy pellets ( 8.5 mm) was generally greater than that of 6 mm high energy pellets. With the exception of 100 mm pellets, the friability of large pellets was also greater than that of the smaller pellets. Settling velocities were significantly greater at 20 psu than at 33 psu and significantly higher for most pellet types at 10 °C than at 20 °C. Settling velocities for unsoaked pellets were found to increase with pellet size, from a mean of 5.6 cm s^–1 for the smallest pellet (2 mm) to 13.9 cm s^–1 for the 10 mm standard (20 to 24% fat) pellets. The smallest feed pellets (2 mm) had the greatest percentage wet weight increase on immersion, irrespective of salinity. Settling velocities of pellets were not significantly affected by immersion time (0–15 min).Given the water depths at fish cage sites and the settling times involved, it is concluded that it is unnecessary to take account of changes in food pellet settling velocity as a result of immersion. Effects of pellet size and salinity on settling velocity are best incorporated into waste dispersion models through the use of 'look-up' tables.  相似文献   

Qualitative assessment of initial biofouling on fish nets used in marine cage aquaculture     

Richard A Corner  Donna Ham  James E Bron  & Trevor C Telfer 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(6):660-663

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Environmental effects of the anti-sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) therapeutant emamectin benzoate under commercial use conditions in the marine environment     

T.C. Telfer  D.J. Baird  J.G. McHenery  J. Stone  I. Sutherland  P. Wislocki 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):163-180

Sea lice infestation can pose a particular problem to intensive cage aquaculture of salmonids. It is most often treated by therapeutants added to the water or incorporated into fish feed. This study investigated the environmental effects of one such in-feed treatment, emamectin benzoate, under commercial use conditions. Atlantic salmon were fed the commercial preparation of emamectin benzoate at a production fish farm on the west coast of Scotland. Sediment dwelling fauna, large mobile fauna and sentinel organisms were monitored for potential impacts over a 1 year post-treatment period (23 September 1997 to 23 September 1998). Additionally, sediment and water samples, transplanted blue mussels and captured large fauna were analysed for accumulated emamectin benzoate and its desmethylamino metabolite to investigate the long term environmental fate of emamectin benzoate.

Results from analysis of sediments suggested that limited deposition of emamectin benzoate took place during and up to 1 week post-treatment, and may have continued up to 4 months of post-treatment. This was consistent with the release of the active ingredient from fish excretion and defecation after treatment. Quantifiable amounts of emamectin benzoate were found 10 m from the cages 12 months after treatment. However, clear reduction in overall sediment concentrations indicated that the deposited emamectin was degrading over time. Emamectin benzoate was not detected in water samples during the field trial. Quantifiable concentrations of emamectin benzoate were found in blue mussels deployed up to 100 m from the treatment cages at 1 week post treatment, but found only at 10 m from the cages at 1 month post-treatment. This suggests that while mussels were actively accumulating emamectin benzoate immediately after treatment by 1 month this had largely been depurated.

Macrobenthic faunal analysis indicated that there was no evidence that the occurrence of emamectin benzoate, or its desmethylamino metabolite, in sediments around fish farm cages after treatment had any toxic impacts on organisms in either water column or sediments.  相似文献   

Phytophthora cambivora found on beech in Norway          下载免费PDF全文

K. H. Telfer  M. B. Brurberg  M.‐L. Herrero  A. Stensvand  V. Talgø 《Forest Pathology》2015,45(5):415-425

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Modelling the potential impact of exotic diseases on regional Australia     

MG GARNER  MB LACK 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(3):81-87

SUMMARY: Recent international initiatives for disease control suggest that, in the future, the consequences for trade of an exotic disease outbreak may not be as severe as estimated in the past. If zoning were to be accepted by Australia's trading partners, then the major effects may be felt at the regional rather than the national level. A study, using an integrated epidemiological/economic model, was undertaken to compare the impacts of 3 important exotic diseases (foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and sheep pox) in 3 different regions of Australia. The study demonstrated that there are significant differences between the size and effect of different disease outbreaks. Regional factors influence not only the way that the disease will spread and manifest itself, but also the effects on local communities. Foot-and-mouth disease caused more economic losses than sheep pox or classical swine fever. The major determinant of differences in the effects of the diseases between regions was the nature of the regional economies. The less diversified the economy, the greater the effect of an exotic disease outbreak in relation to the size of that economy.  相似文献   

Evaluating the risk of the establishment of screwworm fly in Australia     

MG ATZENI  DG MAYER  MA STUART 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(10):743-745

Objective To investigate probabilities of establishment of screwworm fly throughout the year, for several locations around Australias coastline.
Methods A simulation model that predicts the spread and economic impact of an established screwworm fly population was modified to include stochastic survival functions, to investigate the risks of the pest actually establishing in this country. The effects of time of year, climate, vegetation and the number of incoming flies or larvae were investigated for four locations around Australia.
Results Analysis of variance identified a dominant three-way interaction between site, time, and the number of introduced flies. These probabilities are graphed.
Discussion In southern areas, as exemplified by Fremantle, the cold winters limit survival. A high probability of establishment exists year round in tropical regions, except in areas around the Gulf of Carpentaria and in the Northern Territory where dry weather mid-year would limit survival. Despite these comparatively lower risks, there were no areas or times where reductions in quarantine efforts could be justified.  相似文献