玉米根系发育突变体及相关基因研究进展     

安霞  库来宝  米国华  陈范骏  顾日良  袁力行 《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,16(4):1006-1012

根系形态以及生理特征与作物养分水分高效利用密切相关。利用根系发育突变体是研究根系结构与功能的主要手段之一。近10多年来,一些玉米根系发育的突变体被鉴定出来,其中包括影响节根发育的rtcs突变体,影响侧根发育的lrt1、slr1、slr2和rum1突变体,还有影响根毛发育的rth1、rth2和rth3突变体,其中部分突变体所对应的基因已经克隆。这些进展有利于人们更深入地认识玉米根系生物学特征在养分水分高效中的作用。  相似文献   

Ecological Genomics and Epidemiology     

K. A. Garrett  S. H. Hulbert  J. E. Leach  S. E. Travers 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(1):35-51

The huge amount of genomic data now becoming available offers both opportunities and challenges for epidemiologists. In this “preview” of likely developments as the field of ecological genomics evolves and merges with epidemiology, we discuss how epidemiology can use new information about genetic sequences and gene expression to form predictions about epidemic features and outcomes and for understanding host resistance and pathogen evolution. DNA sequencing is now complete for some hosts and several pathogens. Microarrays make it possible to measure gene expression simultaneously for thousands of genes. These tools will contribute to plant disease epidemiology by providing information about which resistance or pathogenicity genes are present in individuals and populations, what genes other than those directly involved in resistance and virulence are important in epidemics, the role of the phenotypic status of hosts and pathogens, and the role of the status of the environmental metagenome. Conversely, models of group dynamics supplied by population biology and ecology may be used to interpret gene expression within individual organisms and in populations of organisms. Genomic tools have great potential for improving understanding of resistance gene evolution and the durability of resistance. For example, DNA sequence analysis can be used to evaluate whether an arms race model of co-evolution is supported. Finally, new genomic tools will make it possible to consider the landscape ecology of epidemics in terms of host resistance both as determined by genotype and as expressed in host phenotypes in response to the biotic and abiotic environment. Host phenotype mixtures can be modeled and evaluated, with epidemiological predictions based on phenotypic characteristics such as physiological age and status in terms of induced systemic resistance or systemic acquired resistance.  相似文献   

环境对玉米杂交种品质性状的影响研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

库丽霞; 吴连成; 刘新香; 陈彦惠; 程芳芳; 王付娟; 孟庆雷  赵博 《玉米科学》2006,14(6):023-027

以河南省生产上主要推广的15个玉米品种为材料,采用近红外光谱技术,分析了在8个不同生态环境下粗蛋白、粗淀粉、粗脂肪和赖氨酸4个玉米品质性状。结果表明:各性状在品种间、地点间和品种与地点互作间的差异均达到极显著水平。在15个品种中,HE-1、HE-2、豫单2001和豫单2002粗蛋白含量高于11%以上,赖氨酸含量高于0.35%,可作为高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质饲用专用玉米品种;郑单958、浚单20、洛玉1号和郑单18粗淀粉含量在72%以上,可将作为高淀粉工业加工专用玉米品种;HE-1、HE-2的粗脂肪含量在7.5%以上,可将它们作为高油工业加工和优质饲用专用玉米品种。驻马店、郑州和洛阳适宜高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质饲用专用玉米品种的种植;商丘、安阳和周口适宜高淀粉工业加工专用玉米品种的种植;商丘、新乡和郑州适宜高油专用玉米品种的种植。  相似文献   

玉米和狗尾草光周期敏感性的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢丽莉  吴连成  库丽霞  吴刘记  张君  王新涛  陈彦惠 《玉米科学》2012,20(2):82-86

光周期是影响植物生长发育的关键因素之一。玉米和狗尾草都是短日照禾本科植物,且都具有光周期敏感性。对玉米和狗尾草的光周期敏感性比较研究,探索易于研究的狗尾草光周期敏感性机理,借以解析玉米光周期敏感性反应的机理。以玉米自交系CML288、黄早四和狗尾草自交系A10为材料,研究在长日照、短日照和在不同生育时期长短日照相互挪移处理下的光周期反应。结果表明,玉米和狗尾草在长日照条件下都表现出营养生长旺盛和生育期延迟,二者在长日照条件下的光周期敏感阶段都比短日照条件下的光周期敏感阶段长;玉米在进入光周期敏感期之前有一段时间的光周期钝感期,而狗尾草从发芽出苗就直接进入光周期敏感期。两个光周期敏感程度不同的玉米自交系比较,光周期敏感自交系CML288比光周期相对不敏感自交系黄早四的光周期敏感阶段长。  相似文献   

天目山紫楠种群年龄结构与点格局分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

范忆  楼一恺  库伟鹏  戴其林  王铮屹  赵明水  余树全 《浙江农林大学学报》2020,37(6):1027-1035

  目的  研究天目山紫楠Phoebe sheareri种群年龄结构和空间分布格局,有利于更好地保护天目山紫楠种群,为森林管理提供依据。  方法  基于浙江省天目山常绿阔叶林1 hm2(100 m×100 m)样地调查数据,分析了优势种紫楠种群的年龄结构,并按胸径(D_BH)将其分为5个径级,分别为径级1(1.0 cm≤D_BH＜2.5 cm)、径级2(2.5 cm≤D_BH＜10.0 cm)、径级3(10.0 cm≤D_BH＜20.0 cm)、径级4(20.0 cm≤D_BH＜30.0 cm)、径级5(D_BH≥30.0 cm)。同时,应用点格局方法分析了不同径级个体的空间分布格局以及空间关联性。  结果  ①径级1和径级2低龄个体较多,占总统计量的68.95%,径级3个体占23.71%,径级4和径级5高龄个体较少,占7.34%。种群的存活曲线接近DeeveyⅠ型,属于增长型发展模式。②径级1、径级2、径级3、径级4个体以聚集型分布为主,且随着研究尺度的增大,聚集性也越显著,径级5以随机分布为主。③各径级间关系密切,以正关联为主。从小尺度观察,径级1与径级4个体在0~5 m尺度内是负关联,径级3与径级4个体在0~8 m尺度内是负关联,径级3与径级5个体在0~4 m尺度内是负关联。除此之外,其他径级个体之间皆为正关联。从大尺度观察,天目山紫楠种群各径级个体之间基本都呈显著正关联。  结论  天目山紫楠种群属于增长型的发展模式,各径级都呈集群分布,不同径级间的关系密切,以正关联为主。图5表2参24  相似文献   

玉米光周期反应及一个相关基因的克隆   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

任永哲  陈彦惠  库丽霞  常胜合  高伟  陈晓 《中国农业科学》2006,39(7):1487-1494

【目的】研究玉米的光周期反应，克隆出玉米中的EMF同源基因并研究其表达模式。【方法】以热带玉米自交系CML288和温带玉米自交系黄早四为材料，研究了它们在9 h和15 h光周期处理后的反应和热带自交系CML288在不同时期两种日照挪动处理下的光周期反应。通过RT-PCR法克隆到一个玉米上的EMF同源基因，并检测了该基因在经过不同光周期处理的自交系CML288、黄早四及其F1的不同生长时期茎尖中的表达。【结果】 CML288对光周期的反应非常敏感，黄早四相对不敏感。CML288在短日照条件下7片叶时期是光周期反应的敏感时期，在长日照条件下9片叶时期是光周期反应的敏感时期。推测新克隆的cDNA序列含有完整的1 881bp的开放阅读框，编码一条约71kD的多肽，包含626个氨基酸残基，编码的蛋白质有一个C2H2型锌指结构区,两个核定位信号区和一个酸性区，可能是DAN结合蛋白，Northern杂交显示，其在茎尖和叶片中均有表达。经不同光周期处理后，该基因在2个自交系及F1不同生长时期茎尖中的表达情况不同。【结论】克隆到的基因其功能可能与促进营养生长和抑制生殖生长有关。  相似文献   

转pepc基因水稻的选育   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

李霞  吴爽  焦德茂  王守海  李成荃  古森本 《江苏农业学报》2001,17(3):143-147

通过基因工程 ,将玉米的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶 (pepc)基因导入水稻品种“Kitaake” ,获得高表达的转pepc基因水稻 ,系统选育后 ,获得第 7代稳定种质。转pepc基因水稻的PEPC活性比原种高 2 4倍 ,净光合速率比原种高 5 0 %。以第 7代稳定转基因材料作父本 ,与水稻不育系“培矮 64S”、“2 9130S”、“70 0 1S”以及恢复系“5 12 9”、“Y910 7”、“H9195”、“双九A”和“437”进行杂交 ,获得 80 5株后代材料 ,并从中鉴定出 47株高PEPC活性和高光合效率的植株。这些植株的PEPC活性和净光合速率 (Pn)均高于母本 ,且Pn与PEPC活性呈正相关 ,r=0 666 0 。证明通过基因工程与杂交相结合的方法 ,可将转pepc基因水稻的高光效特性传递到杂种稻的不育系和恢复系中  相似文献   

Ovine adipose tissue monounsaturated fat content is correlated to depot-specific expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene     

Barber MC  Ward RJ  Richards SE  Salter AM  Buttery PJ  Vernon RG  Travers MT 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(1):62-68

The basis for the variation in fatty acid composition in different ovine adipose tissue depots was investigated. The proportion of stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids vary in a site-specific fashion; abdominal depots (omental and perirenal) contain relatively more C18:0 than C18:1, and carcass depots, especially sternum, have a markedly higher proportion of C18:1. Additionally, expression of a number of lipogenic enzyme genes (stearoyl-CoA desaturase [SCD], acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha [ACC-alpha], lipoprotein lipase [LPL]) and the cytoskeletal protein gene alpha-tubulin vary among depots, although the pattern of variation differs for each mRNA. When these expression data were related to the mean cell volume of adipocytes pooled from all depots, a significant pattern emerged: expression of the ACC-alpha, LPL, and alpha-tubulin genes was highly correlated with the size of adipocytes. In contrast, when the expression of SCD mRNA was assessed as a function of mean cell volume, two populations of adipocytes emerged: no significant correlation was found between the expression of SCD mRNA per adipocyte and mean cell volume for the abdominal depots, although a highly significant correlation was observed between SCD gene expression and mean cell volume for the carcass and epicardial depots. Similarly, a highly significant correlation was found for the amount of C18:1 per adipocyte and the abundance of SCD mRNA per adipocyte for the carcass and epicardial depots, whereas no significant correlation was observed for these traits for the omental and perirenal depots. Thus, the SCD gene seems to be regulated in a depot-specific fashion and in a manner distinct from that of the ACC and LPL genes.  相似文献   

用SSR技术和混合取样方法估算玉米群体间的遗传距离     

侯本军  王铁固  陈彦惠  吴连成  库丽霞 《作物学报》2007,33(2):317-321

The factors affecting the binding characteristics of GBSS with starch granule were studied using a wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Chinese Spring with different temperature treatments. After sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, we got GBSS concentration by coomassie brilliant blue G-250(CBB G-250) method. The results showed that the temperature affected the binding of GBSS and starch granule. In 50–80℃, the concentration of GBSS unbound from starch increased with the temperature rising, which the maximal concentration was 11.361 μg mL^-1 at 80℃, while that was reduced when the temperature was 85–95℃. Furthermore, Mg²⁺ could also affect the quantity of GBSS unbound from starch. When Mg2+ concentration was lower than 1.75 mmol L^-1, the concentration of GBSS unbound increased. The lower Mg²⁺ concentration, the higher the concentration of GBSS unbound. However, when Mg²⁺ concentration was higher than 2.5 mmol L^-1, it could restrain GBSS unbinding. These results showed that GBSS bound starch granule by non-covalent bonds. The best GBSS extracting conditions were 55 mmol L^-1 Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 0.75 mmol L^-1 MgCl₂, 2.3% SDS, 5% 2-ME and 10% glycerol, 15 min in boiling water, or 55 mmol L^-1 Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 0.75 mmol L^-1 MgCl₂, 2.3% SDS, 5% 2-ME and 10% glycerol, 80℃ 30 min. The results are helpful to investigate 3-D structure of biological activated GBSS and mechanism of GBSS binding with starch granule.  相似文献   

Detection and Characterization of the Cumulene Carbenes H2C5 and H2C6     

MC McCarthy  MJ Travers  A Kovacs  W Chen  SE Novick  CA Gottlieb  P Thaddeus 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5299):518-520

Two cumulene carbenes, H2C5 and H2C6, were detected in a supersonic molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Their rotational and leading centrifugal distortion constants were determined with high accuracy, such that the entire radio spectrum can now be calculated. Like the known carbenes H2C3 and H2C4, both molecules have singlet electronic ground states and linear carbon-chain backbones. They can be produced in sufficiently high concentrations in the laboratory that their electronic spectra, expected to lie in the visible, should be readily detectable by laser spectroscopy. The microwave spectra of other, more exotic isomers may be detectable as well.  相似文献