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31.
Fishing impact and environmental status in European seas: a diagnosis from stock assessments and ecosystem indicators 下载免费PDF全文
Didier Gascuel Marta Coll Clive Fox Sylvie Guénette Jérome Guitton Andrew Kenny Leyla Knittweis J Rasmus Nielsen Gerjan Piet Tiit Raid Morgane Travers‐Trolet Samuel Shephard 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(1):31-55
Stock‐based and ecosystem‐based indicators are used to provide a new diagnosis of the fishing impact and environmental status of European seas. In the seven European marine ecosystems covering the Baltic and the North‐east Atlantic, (i) trends in landings since 1950 were examined; (ii) syntheses of the status and trends in fish stocks were consolidated at the ecosystem level; and (iii) trends in ecosystem indicators based on landings and surveys were analysed. We show that yields began to decrease everywhere (except in the Baltic) from the mid‐1970s, as a result of the over‐exploitation of some major stocks. Fishermen adapted by increasing fishing effort and exploiting a wider part of the ecosystems. This was insufficient to compensate for the decrease in abundance of many stocks, and total landings have halved over the last 30 years. The highest fishing impact took place in the late 1990s, with a clear decrease in stock‐based and ecosystem indicators. In particular, trophic‐based indicators exhibited a continuous decreasing trend in almost all ecosystems. Over the past decade, a decrease in fishing pressure has been observed, the mean fishing mortality rate of assessed stocks being almost halved in all the considered ecosystems, but no clear recovery in the biomass and ecosystem indicators is yet apparent. In addition, the mean recruitment index was shown to decrease by around 50% in all ecosystems (except the Baltic). We conclude that building this kind of diagnosis is a key step on the path to implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management. 相似文献
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基因型和环境对玉米籽粒粗蛋白及赖氨酸含量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以河南省生产上主要推广的15个玉米品种为材料,于2004-2005年在8个不同的环境条件下进行了2年多点试验,研究基因型和环境对玉米粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:基因型、环境以及基因型与环境的互作效应对玉米粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量均有显著影响,独立效应大于互作效应,在独立效应中,基因型效应大于环境效应;HE-1、HE-2、豫单101和豫单2002粗蛋白含量高于11%,赖氨酸含量高于0.35%,是较理想的高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质专用的玉米品种;郑州、南阳和洛阳比较适宜种植高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质专用玉米。 相似文献
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Charlotte Falaise Cyrille Fran?ois Marie-Agnès Travers Benjamin Morga Jo?l Haure Réjean Tremblay Fran?ois Turcotte Pamela Pasetto Romain Gastineau Yann Hardivillier Vincent Leignel Jean-Luc Mouget 《Marine drugs》2016,14(9)
The search for novel compounds of marine origin has increased in the last decades for their application in various areas such as pharmaceutical, human or animal nutrition, cosmetics or bioenergy. In this context of blue technology development, microalgae are of particular interest due to their immense biodiversity and their relatively simple growth needs. In this review, we discuss about the promising use of microalgae and microalgal compounds as sources of natural antibiotics against human pathogens but also about their potential to limit microbial infections in aquaculture. An alternative to conventional antibiotics is needed as the microbial resistance to these drugs is increasing in humans and animals. Furthermore, using natural antibiotics for livestock could meet the consumer demand to avoid chemicals in food, would support a sustainable aquaculture and present the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Using natural and renewable microalgal compounds is still in its early days, but considering the important research development and rapid improvement in culture, extraction and purification processes, the valorization of microalgae will surely extend in the future. 相似文献
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跟踪过程中发生的尺度变化、形变、遮挡是导致模型漂移的重要原因。为了克服模型漂移对鲁棒跟踪的影响,本文提出了一种利用多判别式模型和候选区域的跟踪算法。首先,该算法采用候选区域替代传统的滑动采样,适应跟踪过程中目标的位移和尺度变化。接下来,为了提高目标的表征能力,先用预训练网络提取整幅图片的深度特征,再通过感兴趣区域采样层(ROI pooling layer)快速提取每一个候选区域的深度特征,进一步提高跟踪算法的鲁棒性。最后,运用多模型选择机制进行回撤过去错误的模型更新,并通过调整搜索区域实现对目标的重检测,有效抑制了模型漂移对鲁棒跟踪的影响。实验中,本文算法与相关算法在OTB 2013数据库和UAV 20L数据库上进行了对比。结果表明,本文算法在精确度与成功率上均取得了最优性能,并能有效抑制模型漂移对鲁棒跟踪的影响。 相似文献
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In intensively irrigated rice cultivation, plant-available silicon (Si) is a crucial nutrient for improving rice productivity. As a source of Si, calcium silicate (CaSiO3) was amended to evaluate the effect of silicate fertilizer on rice production, nitrogen (N) use efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission under alternating wetting and drying in a pot experiment using a tropical soil from a paddy field of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. Four levels of CaSiO3 amendment, 0, 112.7, 224.5, and 445.8 kg ha-1, with the recommended N rate were tested. The results showed that although CaSiO3 amendment of 112.7 kg ha-1 resulted in higher rice straw, improved N use efficiency, and reduced N2O emission, there was no difference in grain yield among the four levels of CaSiO3 amendment owing to relatively lower harvest index. Moreover, CaSiO3 amendment showed a reverse trend between CH4 and N2O emissions as it reduced N2O emission while led to significantly increased CH4 emission and global warming potential. Thus, CaSiO3 amendment was a possible alternative to improve N use efficiency and increase rice straw biomass, but it needs to be reviewed in line with grain yield production and GHG emission. It is also imperative to test an optimal method of silicate fertilizer amendment in future research in order to compromise a negative impact in tropical soils. 相似文献
38.
玉米光周期反应及一个相关基因的克隆 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
【目的】研究玉米的光周期反应,克隆出玉米中的EMF同源基因并研究其表达模式。【方法】以热带玉米自交系CML288和温带玉米自交系黄早四为材料,研究了它们在9 h和15 h光周期处理后的反应和热带自交系CML288在不同时期两种日照挪动处理下的光周期反应。通过RT-PCR法克隆到一个玉米上的EMF同源基因,并检测了该基因在经过不同光周期处理的自交系CML288、黄早四及其F1的不同生长时期茎尖中的表达。【结果】 CML288对光周期的反应非常敏感,黄早四相对不敏感。CML288在短日照条件下7片叶时期是光周期反应的敏感时期,在长日照条件下9片叶时期是光周期反应的敏感时期。推测新克隆的cDNA序列含有完整的1 881bp的开放阅读框,编码一条约71kD的多肽,包含626个氨基酸残基,编码的蛋白质有一个C2H2型锌指结构区,两个核定位信号区和一个酸性区,可能是DAN结合蛋白,Northern杂交显示,其在茎尖和叶片中均有表达。经不同光周期处理后,该基因在2个自交系及F1不同生长时期茎尖中的表达情况不同。【结论】克隆到的基因其功能可能与促进营养生长和抑制生殖生长有关。 相似文献
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YU Xuexiang ZHU Xianjing SUN Qi KU Xugang LUO Rui FAN Shengxian HE Qigai 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(11):2778-2784
Pseudorabies (PR) is caused by the Pseudorabies virus (PRV). It is an acute and hot highly contagious disease infecting livestock and a wide range of wild animals. In order to investigate the relationship between latent infection of Pseudorabies virus and sow production performance,this study collected production parameters of first-parity sows with wild virus gE positive and negtive in a Pseudorabies positive stable intensive farm, including total litter size, healthy litter size, weak litter size, stillbirths, mummified fetus, litter weight, number of weaning live, number of weaning qualified and weaning weight. And compared the production performance of PRV gE antibody negative and positive sows in the same intensive pig farm. The study showed that each PRV gE antibody negative sow could produce 11.96 live piglets per parity. Additionally, PRV gE antibody negative sow could provide more alive, weaning and weaning qualified piglets per parity than infection sows, which were 0.63, 0.18 and 0.28, respectively. Although the average birth weight and average weaning weight of piglets produced by PRV gE antibody positive sows were higher than those produced by negative sows, the weaning qualified rate of antibody negative sows was higher than that of antibody positive sows, indicating that the weaning live piglets produced by antibody negative sows had higher uniformity. In summary, the production performance of PRV gE antibody positive sows was lower than that of the negative sows. Eradication of PR can bring higher profit to the pig farm. Pig farm should actively eradicate the PR. 相似文献