Immunohistochemical and histomorphometric evaluation of vascular distribution in intact canine cranial cruciate ligament     

Hayashi K  Bhandal J  Kim SY  Rodriguez CO  Entwistle R  Naydan D  Kapatkin A  Stover SM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(2):192-197

Objectives: To (1) describe vascular distribution in the grossly intact canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) using immunohistochemical techniques specific to 2 components of blood vessels (factor VIII for endothelial cells, laminin for basement membrane); and (2) compare the vascularity in different areas of interest (craniomedial versus caudolateral bands; core versus epiligamentous regions; and proximal versus middle versus distal portions) in the intact normal canine CCL. Study Design: In vitro study. Animals: Large, mature dogs (n=7) of breeds prone to CCL disease that were euthanatized for nonorthopedic conditions. Methods: Intact CCL were collected from fresh canine cadavers free from stifle pathology. CCL tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry and stained for factor VIII and laminin. Vascular density was determined by histomorphometric analysis. Results: Specific vascular staining was sparsely identified throughout the CCL; however, the proximal portion of the CCL appears to have a greater number of vessels than the middle or distal portion of the ligament. Conclusions: The CCL is a hypovascular tissue and its vascular distribution is not homogeneous.  相似文献   

Effect of attentional focus levels on spontaneous eyeblink rate in horses     

Rose L. Cherry  Henry S. Adair  Thomas Chen  Diane V. H. Hendrix  Daniel A. Ward 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(4):690-695

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Fatty acid,amino acid,and trace mineral analyses of five weaning foods from Jos,Nigeria     

Fernandez DR  Vanderjagt DJ  Williams M  Huang YS  Chuang LT  Millson M  Andrews R  Pastuszyn A  Glew RH 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2002,57(3-4):257-274

Five plant-based weaning foods (WF) (Dietrend, Jot-M, Soy, Ang and Vic-T) locallyprepared in Jos, Nigeria were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography,reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and atomicemission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma to determine theirfatty acid (FA), amino acid, and trace mineral contents, respectively.Results of these direct analyses were compared to expected values derivedfrom food composition tables prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Additionally, results were compared against recommendednutrient values, using breast milk as the standard for FA content andrecommended dietary allowances (RDA) for amino acid and mineral contents.The overall nutritional value of the five WF varied considerably and thequantities of particular nutrients determined by direct analysis differedmarkedly from those estimated using USDA food tables. Comparison of WFfatty acid composition relative to the RDA recommendations and a humanmilk standard revealed a much higher proportion of both linoleic (35–55wt%) and -linolenic acids (1%–7 wt%) relative to human milklipids (11%–12% and 0.8%–0.9% wt, respectively); however, the WFwere devoid of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Soy containedthe highest amounts of linoleic acid (59.7 mg/g) and -linolenicacid (7.46 mg/g) compared to the other four WF (10.2–41.0 and 0.35–3.18 mg/g, respectively). The linoleic acid/-linolenic acid ratio was within the recommended range (5:1 to 10:1) in only Jot-M (10:1)and Soy (8:1). Dietrend, Vic-T and Ang, containedlinoleic/-linolenic ratios of 12:1, 29:1, and 82:1, respectively.The Soy weaning food would provide the most protein (24.3 g/day), basedon an estimated daily intake of 65 g of weaning food by a normalsix-month-old infant, compared to Jot-M (11.9 g/day), Dietrend (11.7g/day), Ang (8.07 g/day) and Vic-T (7.26 g/day). The protein RDA forchildren up to 1 year of age is 13–14 g/day. Comparison of the mineralcontents of the WF to the RDAs for various minerals indicated that all fivewould provide suboptimal amounts of calcium (16 to 250 mg/day) andzinc (1.42 to 3.56 mg/day) compared to respective RDAs of400 mg/day and 5 mg/day.These data show that the Soy weaning food is an excellent source of linoleicacid and -linolenic acid, as well as being a good source of highquality protein. Jot-M and Dietrend provide useful amounts of the essentialFA; however, it is advisable to reevaluate the composition of Ang andVic-T to find ways to improve the linoleic/-linolenic ratio of eachand increase their total protein content. These results document theshortcomings of using published food composition tables based on foods inAmerica when devising weaning foods based on ingredients in another partof the world.  相似文献   

Guidelines for industry-sponsored research at universities     

Varrin RD  Kukich DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4685):385-388

The authors postulate that, as the number of university-industry cooperative research programs increases, the potential for problems arising from the inherent differences between the two types of organizations will increase as well. They maintain that success in such relationships can be promoted by anticipating problems and developing guidelines for averting or dealing effectively with them. Ten such guidelines are presented, concerning publication rights, patent ownership, copyright, confidentiality agreements, research units, faculty consultants and entrepreneurs, international agreements, sharing of personnel and equipment, and model research agreements.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF BOLUS SIZE ON DEGLUTITION AND ESOPHAGEAL TRANSIT IN HEALTHY DOGS          下载免费PDF全文

Diane M. Cheney  Stanley L. Marks  Rachel E. Pollard 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(4):359-365

Contrast videofluoroscopy is the gold standard procedure for evaluating dysphagia in humans, but quantitative measures vary depending on bolus size and consistency. We hypothesized that quantitative measures made during videofluoroscopy of swallowing in dogs would differ between bolus sizes and consistencies. Ten healthy adult dogs were enrolled a prospective, crossover experimental study and underwent contrast videofluoroscopy while swallowing liquid (5, 10, and 15 ml) and canned food (3, 8, and 12 g) boluses. Maximum pharyngeal contraction occurred significantly later with medium solid boluses than with medium liquid boluses, with a mean difference of 0.021 s (adjusted P = 0.042). Upper esophageal sphincter opening occurred significantly earlier with large solid boluses than with medium solid boluses, with a mean difference of 0.018 s (adjusted P = 0.025). Thoracic esophageal transit time was significantly longer with small solid boluses than with small liquid boluses, with a mean difference of 0.68 s (adjusted P = 0.004). Odds of primary esophageal peristalsis occurring were significantly (18.5 times) higher with large solid vs. large liquid boluses (adjusted P = 0.031). No other statistical comparisons reached significance. Based on these results, we recommend a standardized approach to videofluoscopy in dogs with determination of quantitative measures using medium liquid and soft food boluses to minimize effects of size. Furthermore, we conclude that measurements made on liquid swallows should not be directly compared to measurements made on soft food boluses.  相似文献   

Acetazolamide-responsive paroxysmal dyskinesia in a 12-week-old female golden retriever dog     

Emilie Royaux  Sofie Bhatti  Robert Harvey  Laurent Garosi  G. Diane Shelton  Luc Van Ham 《The Veterinary quarterly》2016,36(1):45-49

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Effects of soil water content and initial root volume on the nutrient status of 2+0 Douglas-fir seedlings     

Diane L. Haase  Robin Rose 《New Forests》1994,8(3):265-277

Two-year-old bareroot Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco.) seedlings were graded on the basis of four root-volume categories and transplanted to four moisture-stress treatments (6, 12, 18, and 24% soil water content) in pots. Macronutrient concentrations and contents of both old and new foliar tissue were determined. Decreasing soil water content resulted in higher concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, and particularly nitrogen in both old and new foliar tissue. This can be attributed to reduced growth, translocation, metabolic activity, and nutrient requirement in response to moisture stress. Seedlings with relatively higher root volumes exhibited higher nutrient concentrations and contents, as well as increased growth. Thus, increased total root biomass per unit of soil area with increasing seedling root volume may have resulted in greater nutrient use, supply, uptake, and storage.  相似文献   

Fluxes of nutrients and dissolved and particulate organic carbon in two mangrove creeks in northeastern Australia     

Ayukai  Tenshi  Miller  Diane  Wolanski  Eric  Spagnol  Simon 《Mangroves and Salt Marshes》1998,2(4):223-230

In Coral and Conn Creek, northeastern Australia, the variations in concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, silicate, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were measured over tidal cycles on five occasions and along each creek on four occasions. The fluxes of these five properties were then estimated using two methods. The first method is the socalled Eulerian method, whereby water flow and material concentration are measured at a fixed station near the creek mouth and the net flux is calculated by adding up flux increments over a tidal cycle. The second method first derives the longitudinal eddy diffusion coefficient from the salt mass balance equation and then calculates material fluxes from their observed gradients along the creek. The use of the latter method is permitted only in the absence of freshwater inputs.The Eulerian method was not sensitive enough to examine whether there was any statistically significant difference in fluxes of nutrients, DOC and POC between ebb and flood periods. This casts some doubt over the meaning of individual flux estimates. It is, however, worth mentioning that 17 out of 25 flux estimates were positive (= import) in Coral Creek, whereas only eight positive flux estimates occurred in Conn Creek. In Coral Creek, the average flux values for nitrate, phosphate and DOC were positive, but negative for silicate and POC. In contrast, the average flux values for all properties were negative in Conn Creek. This may be due to the difference in amount of freshwater input between Coral and Conn Creek.The presence of freshwater inputs from upstream sources restricted the use of the salt mass balance equation to the Coral Creek data collected in September, 1996. However, the study of the variability of nutrient, DOC and POC concentrations along the creek could provide valuable insight into their behavior in Coral and Conn Creek. For example, the concentrations of silicate and DOC were consistently higher upstream than downstream and the distance–concentration relationship was statistically significant in seven out of eight measurements. The concentrations of nitrate and POC also decreased from upstream to downstream, but the trend was statistically significant in only 2–3 measurements. The concentration of phosphate was higher downstream than upstream in four measurements and in two of these four measurements, the trend was statistically significant. These results suggest that in Coral and Conn Creek, silicate and DOC are usually exported to adjacent coastal waters, whereas the import and export of nitrate, phosphate and POC are often finely balanced.  相似文献   

Nonenzymatic degradation of citrus pectin and pectate during prolonged heating: effects of pH, temperature, and degree of methyl esterification     

Diaz JV  Anthon GE  Barrett DM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5131-5136

The underlying mechanisms governing nonenzymatic pectin and pectate degradation during thermal treatment have not yet been fully elucidated. This study determined the extent of nonenzymatic degradation due to beta-elimination, acid hydrolysis, and demethylation during prolonged heating of citrus pectins and its influence on physicochemical properties. Solutions of citrus pectins, buffered from pH 4.0 to 8.5, were heated at 75, 85, 95, and 110 degrees C for 0-300 min. Evolution of methanol and formation of reducing groups and unsaturated uronides were monitored during heating. Molecular weight and viscosity changes were determined through size exclusion chromatography and capillary viscometry, respectively. Results showed that at pH 4.5, the activation energies of acid hydrolysis, beta-elimination, and demethylation are 95, 136, and 98 kJ/mol, respectively. This means that at this pH, acid hydrolysis occurs more rapidly than beta-elimination. Furthermore, the rate of acid hydrolysis is diminished by higher levels of methyl esterification. Also, citrus pectin (93% esterified) degrades primarily via beta-elimination even under acidic conditions. Acid hydrolysis and beta-elimination caused significant reduction in relative viscosity and molecular weight.  相似文献   

Pomegranate ellagitannin-derived metabolites inhibit prostate cancer growth and localize to the mouse prostate gland   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Seeram NP  Aronson WJ  Zhang Y  Henning SM  Moro A  Lee RP  Sartippour M  Harris DM  Rettig M  Suchard MA  Pantuck AJ  Belldegrun A  Heber D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7732-7737

Our group has shown in a phase II clinical trial that pomegranate juice (PJ) increases prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time in prostate cancer (CaP) patients with a rising PSA. Ellagitannins (ETs) are the most abundant polyphenols present in PJ and contribute greatly towards its reported biological properties. On consumption, ETs hydrolyze to release ellagic acid (EA), which is then converted by gut microflora to 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b, d]pyran-6-one (urolithin A, UA) derivatives. Despite the accumulating knowledge of ET metabolism in animals and humans, there is no available data on the pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of urolithins. Using a standardized ET-enriched pomegranate extract (PE), we sought to further define the metabolism and tissue distribution of ET metabolites. PE and UA (synthesized in our laboratory) were administered to C57BL/6 wild-type male mice, and metabolite levels in plasma and tissues were determined over 24 h. ET metabolites were concentrated at higher levels in mouse prostate, colon, and intestinal tissues as compared to other tissues after administration of PE or UA. We also evaluated the effects of PE on CaP growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice injected subcutaneously with human CaP cells (LAPC-4). PE significantly inhibited LAPC-4 xenograft growth in SCID mice as compared to vehicle control. Finally, EA and several synthesized urolithins were shown to inhibit the growth of human CaP cells in vitro. The chemopreventive potential of pomegranate ETs and localization of their bioactive metabolites in mouse prostate tissue suggest that pomegranate may play a role in CaP treatment and chemoprevention. This warrants future human tissue bioavailability studies and further clinical studies in men with CaP.  相似文献