Pollen tube growth in crosses between Porteresia coarctata and Oryza sativa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. H. Sarker  M. A. Samad  Zeba I. Seraj  M. I. Hoque  A. S. Islam 《Euphytica》1993,69(1-2):129-134

Summary Comparative study with fluorescence microscopy revealed that the pollen tubes of the self-pollinated rice variety BR-9 reached the ovary within 75 min after pollination. In P. coarctata it took 150 min. In the cross between P. coarctata and BR-9, pollen tubes reached the ovary in 165 min but seed setting was not observed. In the cross between BR-9 and P. coarctata, small and deformed pollen tubes were formed and they failed to grow through the stylodium.  相似文献   

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to abiotic stresses in cool-season food legumes     

F. L. Stoddard  C. Balko  W. Erskine  H. R. Khan  W. Link  A. Sarker 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):167-186

Summary The adaptability and productivity of cool-season food legumes (chickpea, faba bean, lentil, pea) are limited by major abiotic stresses including drought, heat, frost, chilling, waterlogging, salinity and mineral toxicities. The severity of these stresses is unpredictable in field experiments, so field trials are increasingly supplemented with controlled-environment testing and physiological screening. For drought testing, irrigation is used in dry fields and rain-out shelters in damp ones. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C) is a well-established screen for drought tolerance in C3 cereal crops which is now being validated for use in grain legumes, but it is relatively expensive per sample and more economical methods include stomatal conductance and canopy temperature. Chickpea lines ICC4958 and FLIP87-59C and faba bean line ILB938 have demonstrated good drought tolerance parameters in different experiments. For frost tolerance, an efficient controlled-environment procedure involves exposing hardened pot-grown plants to sub-zero temperatures. Faba beans Cote d’Or and BPL4628 as well as lentil ILL5865 have demonstrated good freezing tolerance in such tests. Chilling-tolerance tests are more commonly conducted in the field and lentil line ILL1878 as well as derivatives of interspecific crosses between chickpea and its wild relatives have repeatedly shown good results. The timing of chilling is particularly important as temperatures which are not lethal to the plant can greatly disrupt fertilization of flowers. Salinity response can be determined using hydroponic methods with a sand or gravel substrate and rapid, efficient scoring is based on leaf symptoms. Many lines of chickpea, faba bean and lentil have shown good salinity tolerance in a single article but none has become a benchmark. Waterlogging tolerance can be evaluated using paired hydroponic systems, one oxygenated and the other de-oxygenated. The development of lysigenous cavities or aerenchyma in roots, common in warm-season legumes, is reported in pea and lentil but is not well established in chickpea or faba bean. Many stresses are associated with oxidative damage leading to changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane stability and peroxidase levels. An additional factor relevant to the legumes is the response of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to the stress.  相似文献   

Application of biotechnology in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress     

Frederick J. Muehlbauer  Seungho Cho  Ashutosh Sarker  Kevin E. McPhee  Clarice J. Coyne  P. N. Rajesh  Rebecca Ford 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):149-165

Summary Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays, reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop improvement.  相似文献   

Integrated gene resource management of underutilized legumes in India     

K. S. Varaprasad  S. K. Sharma  N. Sivaraj  A. Sarker 《Euphytica》2011,180(1):49-56

The Indian gene centre possesses a rich legume biodiversity––1,152 species comprising cultivated, underutilized edible and forage legumes. Majority of the underutilized food legumes are widely distributed as wild species in various agro-ecological regions of peninsular India. Indian legume species (62%) contribute to the food and health security of ethnic communities. A total of 66,546 accessions of legume gene resources including underutilized species are conserved in the National Gene Bank. Collection, characterization and conservation efforts regarding the diversity of these beans are described. The importance of genetic variation in legumes and their wild relatives as a source of desirable resistance to pests and diseases in a changing climate scenario is discussed. Information on legumes used in Indian and modern systems of medicine and ethno-botany as well as the scope for bio-prospecting are presented. Advanced biotechnological applications in legume research for sustainable utilization of these resources are highlighted. An integrated gene resource management strategy to combat malnutrition, identify gene resources for legume improvement and enhance their value as traditional food and medicine is described.  相似文献   

Sources of Resistance to Anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum) in Wild Lens Species     

A. Tullu  L. Buchwaldt  M. Lulsdorf  S. Banniza  B. Barlow  A. E. Slinkard  A. Sarker  B. Tar’an  T. Warkentin  A. Vandenberg 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):111-119

Lentil anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus et W.D. Moore is a potential threat in many lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production regions of North America. In the lentil germplasm maintained in Germany and North America, 16 lines were reported to have resistance to race Ct1, but none has resistance reported to race Ct0. The objective of this study was to examine accessions of wild Lens species for their resistance to races Ct1 and Ct0 of lentil anthracnose. Five hundred and seventy-four wild accessions of six species and control lines were screened in two replications under both field and greenhouse conditions using a 1–9 scoring scale (1, highly resistant; 2–3, resistant; 4–5, moderately resistant; 6–7, susceptible; and 8–9, highly susceptible). Indianhead and PI 320937 were resistant while Eston and Pardina were susceptible to race Ct1 as expected. However, none of the check lines were resistant to race Ct0. Among the six Lens wild species tested, accessions of Lens ervoides (Brign.) Grande had the highest level of resistance, 3–5 to race Ct1 and Ct0 followed by L. lamottei Czefr. in the field and greenhouse. Lens orientalis (Boiss.), L. odemensis L., L. nigricans (M. Bieb.) Godron and L. tomentosus L. were highly susceptible, 8–9 to race Ct0 in the greenhouse. The highest frequency of resistance, especially in L. ervoides (Brign.) Grande, was found in accessions originating from Syria and Turkey. The usefulness of these L. ervoides (Brign.) Grande accessions as sources of resistance to the more virulent race of anthracnose in a lentil breeding program is discussed.  相似文献   

First sources of resistance to Sitona weevil (Sitona crinitus Herbst) in wild Lens species     

Mustapha El-Bouhssini  Ashutosh Sarker  William Erskine  Abdallah Joubi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):1-4

Lentil is one of the important cool-season food legumes grown in many countries in the Mediterranean region. But a substantial yield loss is observed every year due to various biotic stresses. The Sitona weevil (Sitona crinitus Herbst) is a major insect pest limiting lentil productivity mainly in the countries of West Asia and North Africa region. The adult insects feed on the leaflets at seedling stage, and the plant suffers due to reduced photosynthesis. The larvae feed on the root systems and on the nodules, thus decreasing the ability of the plant to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Since sources of resistance to this pest in the cultivated lentil Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris are lacking, we searched for resistant sources in a collection of wild Lens species available in the ICARDA Gene Bank. We screened 315 accessions of wild lentil covering all known species/sub-species based on nodule damage at ICARDA’s main experimental station (Tel Hadya, Aleppo), a hot-spot for the pest in the region. Large variation was observed in the percent nodule damage among accessions across species. Eight accessions, ILWL 110, ILWL 136, ILWL 166, ILWL 203, ILWL 207, ILWL 245, ILWL 254 and ILWL 258 were identified as resistant, with ≤10% nodule damage, compared to >56% damage recorded on the cultivated lentil. This is the first report of resistance against Sitona weevil in lentil. One resistant accession ILWL 245 belongs to the species L. culinaris Medikus subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Ponert, progenitor of the cultivated lentil, which is crossable with the cultivated lentil. This line is being used to introgress resistance genes to cultivated lentil and to understand the inheritance of Sitona weevil resistance.  相似文献   

Enhancement of Protein Foam Stability by Formation of Wheat Arabinoxylan-Protein Crosslinks     

D. K. Sarker  P. J. Wilde  D. C. Clark 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(4):493-499

The foam stability properties of a defined mixed solution of Tween 20 and bovine serum albumin was evaluated as a function of arabinoxylan concentration. A marked increase in the foam stability was observed with low concentrations of arabinoxylan. Maximum improvement in the foam stability was obtained with 0.2–0.3 mg/mL of arabinoxylan. Enhancement of foam stability due to a combination of bulk viscosity changes and surface effects was identified. The relative contribution of arabinoxylan to bulk viscosity and adsorbed layer structure was studied by examination of the properties of thin liquid films and the macroscopic air-water interface. Arabinoxylan reduced the rate of thin film drainage, increased the equilibrium thickness of the films, slowed the lateral diffusion of a fluorescent probe molecule located in the adsorbed layer, and increased the surface elasticity. These data are congruent with arabinoxylan-mediated crosslinking of adsorbed protein. These observations may be of significance in gas retention during breadmaking. In addition, this naturally occurring polysaccharide offers potential for use in the control of protein foam stability.  相似文献   

Unravelling the diversity and assemblage of phytoplankton in homestead ponds of central coastal belt,Bangladesh     

Md. Milon Sarker  Mohammad Belal Hossain  Md. Monirul Islam  Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal  Mohd. Hanafi Idris 《Aquaculture Research》2021,52(1):167-184

Homestead ponds may offer an ideal opportunity in contribution to household income, fish consumption through fish culture. Phytoplankton plays a key indicator in pond productivity. However, the phytoplankton communities in the homestead ponds are nearly undetermined in Bangladesh. This study summarizes the phytoplankton diversity, assemblage and ecological parameters of the homestead ponds in central coastal belt, Bangladesh, based on two seasons. The results revealed that significant differences (p < .05) were found in pH, DO, conductivity, TDS, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates except temperature in monsoon, and transparency in both seasons. A total of 34 phytoplankton genera representatives of five major groups were recorded such as Euglenophyceae (41.5%), Chlorophyceae (30.5%), Cyanophyceae (13%), Dinophyceae (10%) and Bacillariophyceae (5%). A significant difference (p < .05) in phytoplankton abundance was found in both seasons with the highest mean of 186.13 ± 129.34 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 in monsoon and the lowest mean of 144.40 ± 107.26 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 during winter. The diversity (H'), evenness (J'), richness (d) and dominance (D) ranged from 1.62 to 2.47, 0.52 to 0.97, 0.37 to 1.15 and 0.10 to 0.28 respectively. Based on SIMPER, the most dominant (>10%) genera for dissimilation within stations and seasons were Euglena spp., Phacus spp., Chlorella spp., Strombomonas spp. and Peridinium spp. ANOSIM results stated that 12 genera of phytoplankton were significant contributors based on average dissimilarity. Pearson's correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that phytoplankton abundance, diversity and community were mainly governed by transparency, dissolved oxygen and nitrates.  相似文献   

The effects of the dietary biotin on zebrafish Danio rerio reproduction          下载免费PDF全文

Rodrigue Yossa  Pallab K Sarker  Émilie Proulx  Grant W Vandenberg 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(1):117-130

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary biotin on zebrafish Danio rerio reproduction. Biotin and avidin (biotin antagonist) were added to two isonitrogenous and isocaloric purified diets to provide molar avidin:biotin ratios of 0:1 (biotin‐sufficient diet) and 120:0 (biotin‐unsufficient diet). Each diet was fed to a group of males mean initial mass 0.262 g) and a group of females (mean initial mass 0.285 g) for 99 days. Following this feeding period, males fed biotin‐sufficient diet exhibited higher gonado‐somatic index, sperm density, sperm motility and sperm viability than those fed biotin‐unsufficient diet (P < 0.05). In the presence of biotin‐sufficient males, biotin‐sufficient females spawned more eggs (222.2 eggs) than biotin‐deficient females (18.8 eggs) (P < 0.05). The same pattern was observed with biotin‐deficient males (7.6 vs. 1.8 eggs) (P < 0.05). Biotin‐sufficient males generated a higher percentage of fertilized eggs (90% vs. 42%), hatching rate (62% vs. 27%), larvae survival (98% vs. 37%) and larvae length at 7 days post fertilization (4.4 mm vs. 4.2 mm) than biotin‐deficient males (P < 0.05) . Biotin status of the male is of high consideration for successful breeding in zebrafish, because it significantly impacts the reproductive performances of the female.  相似文献   

Ecosystem services assessment using a valuation framework for the Bangladesh Sundarbans: livelihood contribution and degradation analysis     

M. M. Abdullah-Al-Mamun  Kazi Mohammad Masum  A. H. M. Raihan Sarker  Asyraf Mansor 《林业研究》2017,28(1):1-13

The ecosystem services provided by the Bangladesh Sundarbans contribute in various sectors especially to the livelihood of the surrounding peoples, but they are often overlooked in the valuation process. This study investigates the significance of ecosystem services on peoples’ lives and how these services are affected by climate change and other factors. Here an economic valuation framework was used to list the ecosystem services provided by this mangrove forest. Direct uses included timber, golpata (Nypa fruticans), honey, beeswax, fish, shrimp larvae and tourism. Indirect uses included carbon storage, protection from cyclones and tidal surges, breeding and nursery grounds for the aquatic species, and biodiversity conservation. This work also found that the ecosystem services were diminished by fresh water flow reduction, overharvesting, sea level rise, salinity increase, poaching, and climate change. In the present context and future scenario, sea level rise will be an important contributor to changes in ecosystem services. But because many factors impact sea level rise, the impact of climate change takes on less importance than many other causes of ecosystem service degradation in the Bangladesh Sundarbans.  相似文献