Zur Verwendung von Gesteinsmehlen in der Landwirtschaft. II. Wirkung von Gesteinsmehlen als Bodenverbesserungsmittel     

W. E. H. Blum  B. Herbinger  A. Mentler  F. Ottner  M. Pollak  E. Unger  W. W. Wenzel 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(5):427-430

The use of rock powders in agriculture. II. Efficiency of rock powders for soil amelioration Five rock powders with different chemical and mineralogical characteristics were investigated in order to test their suitability for agricultural soil amelioration. The highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) was determined for the powder of smectite rich volcanic ash. Carbonate rock powders showed highest values for acid neutralization capacity (ANC). Silicate rock powders (granite, basalt) showed the lowest values for both investigated parameters. After some decades, a yearly application per hectare of 1000 kg of rock powder consisting of clay minerals or carbonates could at best successfully improve extreme poor soils, e.g. sandy soils with low humus content, by raising the CEC or the ANC. Rock powders rich in silicium, e.g. of granite, are not suitable to improve soils significantly.  相似文献   

Detection of quantitative trait loci for leaf rust resistance in wheat––T. timopheevii/T. tauschii introgression lines     

I. N. Leonova  L. I. Laikova  O. M. Popova  O. Unger  A. Börner  M. S. Röder 《Euphytica》2007,155(1-2):79-86

Advanced backcross QTL analysis was used to identify QTLs for seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in introgression lines derived from a cross between the spring wheat cultivar ‘Saratovskaya 29’ and a synthetic allopolyploid wheat (T. timopheevii/T. tauschii). F₂ mapping populations involving two backcross selections (‘BC5’ and ‘BC9’ lines) were genotyped with microsatellite markers. Two significant QTL for adult plant resistance were identified in line ‘BC5’: one on chromosome 2B, but originating from chromosome 2G, explained 31% of the trait variance. The other, derived from T. tauschii and mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2D explained 19% of the trait variance. In the second line, one major seedling and adult plant resistance QTL was identified on chromosome 2B. Both QTL co-located to the same marker interval. Such introgression lines, resulting from the reconstruction of common wheat genome, are of interest both as initial material for breeding and improvement of current cultivars, and as a resource for the study of the interaction and transformation of genomes.  相似文献   

Initiale Bodenbildung aus marinen Sedimenten in Lysimeterversuchen     

Luise Giani  Carsten Massau  Hannelore Schrder  S. Unger 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1990,153(4):283-289

Initial soil development from marine sediments in a lysimeter Marine sandy and clayey sediments were put into a lysimeter with controlled ground-water level. Under these conditions the soil development was quick within the first four years. Redox potentials of +400 mV were reached in the upper parts of the soils after half a year. The carbonate content decreased by 0,1 - 0,2% per annum. The total sulfur contents decreased by 10% - 30% during the first year. Humus formation started within the second year. Compared to Puccinellia areas a lower salinity and wider Ca/Mg-ratio occurred in the upper parts of the sandy soil after one year, in the clayey soil after two years, respectively. The change in the hydroregime was essential for the soil development. The particle size distribution was of minor importance. The intensity of the processes was not effected by the vegetation.  相似文献   

Soil Temperature Simulation with Varying Residue Management     

G. S. Brar  P. W. Unger 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,172(1):1-08

Maintaining crop residue on the soil surface is an important part of conservation tillage. Although broad effects of residues on soil temperature (T_s) are well documented, the methods to predict soil temperatures under various surface residues and tillage conditions are limited. Using the T_s at 0-, 0.05-, 0.10-, and 0.30-m depths, we developed a simplified model to predict T_s for a uniform soil from air temperature (T_a) data. Data were collected under various tillage and surface residue conditions after wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Residue management treatments were disk, sweep, and no-tillage (with standing or shredded residues). The model predicts maximum and minimum T_s at 0-, 0.05-, 0.10-, and 0.30-m depths using maximum and minimum T_s measured at 2-m above the soil surface, residue mass, apparent thermal diffusivity, and initial Ts profiles. Mean absolute deviation between simulated and measured maximum and minimum surface T_s were 0.53 and 0.44 °C or less, respectively. Root zone maximum and minimum T, were simulated within 0.14 to 0.91 and 0.27 to 0.95 °C, respectively, of the measured T_s. Greater precision of maximum and minimum soil temperature predictions with depth was obtained by using apparent thermal diffusivity calculated from initial T_s profiles. The proposed model can be useful in predicting T_s profiles required for crop growth modeling.  相似文献   

Chemical aspects of wood modification by sol�Cgel-derived silica     

Brita Unger  Michael B��cker  Stefan Reinsch  Thomas H��bert 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(1):83-104

It has been shown that tetraethoxysilane-derived precursors are suitable solutions for impregnating pine sapwood to improve its dimensional stability. Tailored sol?Cgel syntheses result in precursors with nano-scaled silica species which are able to penetrate into the cell walls of wood. The physical fixation of those species inside the cell walls was verified by ESEM/EDX investigations. There is evidence that the silica species are chemically bonded to wood components. Non-reacted alkoxy groups can exist in the wood composites after impregnation. The amount of these organic residues depends on the composition of the precursors, especially their condensation degree and reactivity. Treatments for finishing the composites after the impregnation step to get clean products and stable properties are discussed in this context. An explanation of the complex relationship between solids content in the impregnation solutions and percentage weight gain and bulking of the composites is given. It can be demonstrated that high WPG values (>20?%) are pre-conditions for an effective protection of the resulting composites but they only guarantee efficient improvements if connected with the incorporation of the inorganic component inside the cell walls. Therefore, the sol?Cgel syntheses have to be carried out in such a manner that very small (<2?nm) as well as reactive species are sufficiently available. This demands syntheses using sub-stoichiometric water contents (H₂O/TEOS?<?4, better <2).  相似文献   

Euphresco: an opportunity for phytosanitary research coordination and funding in the EPPO region and abroad          下载免费PDF全文

B. Giovani  E. Steel  G. Anthoine  S. Blümel  M. L. Cruz  A. de la Peña  L. F. F. Kox  M. Maes  J. G. Unger 《EPPO Bulletin》2015,45(2):252-256

The European Phytosanitary Research and Coordination network (Euphresco, www.euphresco.net ) is a network of organisations which were initiated as EU funded ERA‐NET projects in 2006 and 2010. The goal of the network is to strengthen the networking of research activities carried out at national or regional level and the mutual opening of research programmes. In 2014, having received EU funding twice, Euphresco members decided to continue to work together as a long‐term and self‐sustaining network. The coordination of Euphresco is now hosted within the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), and in addition to consolidating the network and its procedures, it is also preparing the ground for future developments.  相似文献   

Interactions between Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV)     

S. E. Sadeghi  J. Bjur  L. Ingwell  L. Unger  N. A. Bosque-Pérez  S. D. Eigenbrode 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2016,16(1)

Interactions between an invasive aphid, Metopolophium festucae (Theobald) subsp. cerealium, and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) were studied under laboratory conditions. M. festucae cerealium is an economic pest of wheat and barley that has recently been found in high population densities in wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. BYDV-PAV is the most prevalent and injurious species of BYDV worldwide and in the Pacific Northwest. Although M. festucae sensu stricto (Theobald 1917) has been reported previously as a vector of some BYDV isolates, there is no confirmed transmission of BYDV by M. festucae cerealium. Two experiments examined the ability of M. festucae cerealium to transmit BYDV-PAV. The first used single aphids caged to indicator plants of a BYDV-susceptible winter wheat cultivar and the second used multiple aphids on each test plant. M. festucae cerealium did not transmit BYDV-PAV in either experiment, whereas transmission by a known BYDV vector, Rhopalosiphum padi L., was consistently high (≥93%). A third experiment compared the intrinsic growth rate, days until first reproduction and daily reproduction by M. festucae cerealium on sham-inoculated and BYDV-PAV-infected wheat, but detected no differences. The findings are reviewed in light published data on M. festucae species, BYDV transmission, and the potential pest status of this new invading aphid.  相似文献   

European outbreak of atypical myopathy in the autumn 2009     

Gaby Van Galen DVM  MSc  DECEIM  Helene Amory DVM  PhD  DECEIM  Evita Busschers DVM  DACVS  Dominique Cassart DVM  PhD  Marco De Bruijn DVM  DECEIM  Vincent Gerber DVM  PhD  DECEIM  John Keen DVM  MSc  DECEIM  Laurence Lefere DVM  Christel Marcillaud Pitel DVM  Celia Marr DVM  PhD  DECEIM  Jessica‐M. V. Müller DVM  DECEIM  Xavier Pineau DVM  Claude Saegerman PhD  Charlotte Sandersen DVM  PhD  DECEIM  Didier Serteyn DVM  PhD  DECVAA  Sara Torfs DVM  Lucia Unger DVM  Denis Verwilghen DVM  MSc  DECVS  Dominique‐Marie Votion DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(5):528-532

Background – Atypical myopathy is an acute, severe rhabdomyolysis occurring in grazing horses. In the beginning of October 2009, a new outbreak occurred in several European countries. Geographic, demographic and clinical data of the reported cases in the month October 2009 are described. Key Findings – The survival rate in this outbreak was 25%. The most frequently observed clinical signs were congested mucous membranes, dyspnea, tachycardia, depression, weakness, stiffness, recumbency, trembling, sweating, and myoglobinuria. Nonsurvivors were significantly more likely to be recumbent than survivors. Prognostic factors, symptomatic treatment, and preventive measures are discussed. Significance – Differences were encountered during the described outbreak of atypical myopathy in October 2009 compared with previous outbreaks reported. Equine practitioners should be aware that previous epidemiological studies have shown that after a high prevalence in the autumn, new cases are likely to occur in the following spring.  相似文献   

Severe hypernatremia and transient azotemia in a cat following inadvertent intravenous administration of a commercial polyethylene glycol solution     

Sabrina N. Hoehne  Casey J. Kohen  Birgit Puschner  Ingrid Gennity  Simon P. Hagley  Kate S. Farrell  Karin Unger  Laura A. Cagle  Karl E. Jandrey 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2019,29(6):690-695

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Differentially expressed microRNAs,including a large microRNA cluster on chromosome 24, are associated with equine sarcoid and squamous cell carcinoma     

Kirsten Bogedale  Vidhya Jagannathan  Vinzenz Gerber  Lucia Unger 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(2):155-164

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