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141.
Valentine Martlé Luc Van Ham Robrecht Raedt Kristl Vonck Paul Boon Sofie Bhatti 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(3):332-339
Refractory epilepsy is a common disorder both in humans and dogs and treatment protocols are difficult to optimise. In humans, different non-pharmacological treatment modalities currently available include surgery, the ketogenic diet and neurostimulation. Surgery leads to freedom from seizures in 50–75% of patients, but requires strict patient selection. The ketogenic diet is indicated in severe childhood epilepsies, but efficacy is limited and long-term compliance can be problematic. In the past decade, various types of neurostimulation have emerged as promising treatment modalities for humans with refractory epilepsy. Currently, none of these treatment options are used in routine daily clinical practice to treat dogs with the condition. Since many dogs with poorly controlled seizures do not survive, the search for alternative treatment options for canine refractory epilepsy should be prioritised. This review provides an overview of non-pharmacological treatment options for human refractory epilepsy. The current knowledge and limitations of these treatments in canine refractory epilepsy is also discussed. 相似文献
142.
Z. N. Nie A. D. Mackay D. J. Barker I. Valentine & J. Hodgson 《Grass and Forage Science》1997,52(2):190-198
Appropriate pre-sowing methods for the introduction of improved forage legume and grass germplasm are an important issue for hill pasture improvement in New Zealand. A pastoral fallow, which involves not defoliating pasture for a period generally from late spring/early summer to autumn, could create a potentially favourable environment for introducing improved germplasm. A field study was conducted on two aspects (shady and sunny) of moist, low-fertility hill country with or without added fertilizer (phosphorus and sulphur) in the southern North Island of New Zealand, to investigate the changes in plant population density and sward structure during a full or partial pastoral fallow, compared with a rotationally grazed pasture. A 7-month (October to May) pastoral fallow dramatically decreased the densities of grass tillers by 72% (P < 0·01), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growing points by 87% (P < 0·01) and other species by 87% (P < 0·05). The decline in tiller density by pastoral fallow was enhanced on the shady aspect. Fertilizer application increased white clover growing-point density on the shady aspect (P < 0·05) and grass tiller density on the sunny aspect (P < 0·05). Decreased plant density during pastoral fallowing was attributed to aboveground biomass accumulation, which altered sward structure, leading to interplant competition and mortality by self-thinning and completion of the life cycle of some matured plants. The plant size-density relationship during pastoral fallowing in this mixed-species sward followed the serf-thinning rule, particularly when the calculation was based on all plant species rather than grass alone. There was no significant (P > 0·05) difference in final plant population density between the 7-month pastoral fallow and a shorter term (October to December) pastoral fallow. It is concluded that pastoral fallowing effectively reduced the plant population density and altered sward structure of a hill pasture. Such changes create a more favourable environment for the introduction of improved forage species. 相似文献
143.
Martin JM Valentine BA Cebra CK 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(12):1379-1382
Clinical signs, duration of illness, clinicopathologic findings, and ultrasonographic findings were evaluated in 12 llamas and 12 alpacas with malignant round cell tumors (MRCT). All but 1 animal died or was euthanized. Common clinical findings were anorexia, recumbency or weakness, and weight loss or poor growth. Peripheral lymphadenomegaly occurred in only 7 animals and was detected more often at necropsy than during physical examination. Common clinicopathologic abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia, acidosis, azotemia, anemia, hyperglycemia, and neutrophilia. Ultrasonography detected tumors in 4/6 animals. Cytologic evaluation of fluid or tissue aspirates or histopathology of biopsy tissue was diagnostic in 5/6 cases. A clinical course of 2 wk or less prior to death or euthanasia was more common in animals ≤ 2 y of age (9/11) than in older animals (6/13). Regular examination of camelids to include clinical pathology and evaluation of peripheral lymph nodes may result in early detection of MCRT. 相似文献
144.
145.
Basal cell tumors from 11 horses were examined histologically. Distinct patterns identified in the order of frequency are adenoid (six), solid (three), and medusoid (two). A minor component of most of these neoplasms was a ribbon pattern and cystic spaces. Hyalinized connective tissue and clear cells reminiscent of hair follicle glassy membranes and outer root sheath were present in a solid and the medusoid tumors. Heavy melanin pigmentation was present in one solid basal cell tumor. In eight cases for which information was available, the tumors had not recurred 3 to 8 years after excision. 相似文献
146.
Algae intoxication in livestock and waterfowl 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
V R Beasley W O Cook A M Dahlem S B Hooser R A Lovell W M Valentine 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1989,5(2):345-361
Blue-green algae toxins include (1) hepatotoxic peptides that are known to be toxic to cattle, dogs, swine, waterfowl, and sometimes other species; (2) a nicotinic agonist neurotoxin that appears to be toxic to a wide range of animal species; (3) a peripheral-acting cholinesterase inhibitor that is very toxic to swine, birds, and dogs; (4) toxins that impair nervous transmission by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells; and (5) lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. This article provides current information on the mechanisms of action of the primary toxins recognized to date as well as on procedures important in the diagnosis and management of some of the more common cyanobacterial toxicoses in livestock and waterfowl. 相似文献
147.
Inclusions of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, amylase resistant material were found within skeletal muscle fibers adjacent to an osteosarcoma in the proximal femur of an 8-year-old intact female Cocker Spaniel dog (dog No. 1) and adjacent to a synovial cell sarcoma of the stifle joint in a 7-year-old spayed female Bouvier des Flandres dog (dog No. 2). Inclusions were pale blue-gray with hematoxylin and eosin stain and formed irregular inclusions, replacing up to approximately 80% of the fiber diameter. Inclusions from dog No. 2 were of non-membrane-bound granular to filamentous material that occasionally formed discrete, elongate electron-dense masses. The features of these inclusions were similar to those of materials previously described as complex polysaccharide, polyglucosan bodies, amylopectin, and Lafora bodies. Evidence for a generalized metabolic disorder was not found in these two dogs, suggesting that storage of complex polysaccharide can occur as a relatively nonspecific response to metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle in a variety of conditions. 相似文献
148.
Beth A Valentine Brad M DeBey Robert J Sonn Larry R Stauffer Leon G Pielstick 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(1):83-85
A chronically draining subcutaneous mass was removed from the ventral cervical region of a 6-year-old spayed female Domestic Shorthair cat. The histopathologic diagnosis was severe locally extensive pyogranulomatous and necrotizing cellulitis. Bacterial culture yielded Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis as the causative agent. Immunohistochemical evaluation of sections for F. tularensis was negative. One year later, the cat was euthanized because of progressive lethargy found to be due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with pulmonary thromboembolism. No evidence of cutaneous or systemic infection by F. tularensis was found at necropsy. This case appears to be a localized form of tularemia resembling the ulceroglandular form of tularemia in humans and suggests that bacterial culture may be more sensitive than immunohistochemistry in detecting organisms in cases of localized F. tularensis infection. 相似文献
149.
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM) is a recently recognized metabolic condition with a high incidence in many breeds of horses and ponies. Clinical signs are extremely variable, but all can be related to underlying skeletal muscle dysfunction. Therapy employing a high-fat, high-fiber, low-starch, low-sugar diet and as much exercise as possible has proven to be extremely successful in control of this disorder. EPSM is progressive, and early detection and institution of therapy are vital. 相似文献
150.
A 10-year-old female spayed domestic shorthaired cat presented with a subcutaneous tumor between the first and second phalanges of the left hind foot. Six months after excision, a similar tumor occurred on the medial aspect of the third phalanx of the same limb. Histologically, both tumors consisted of solid masses of spindle and round cells, many of which grew within endothelial-lined vessels. Tumor cells stained positively for smooth muscle actin and vimentin, but were negative for cytokeratin, S-100, desmin, synaptophysin, factor VIII-related antigen, and neuron-specific enolase. The diagnosis was dermal intravascular leiomyosarcoma. 相似文献