Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 Activity in the Canine Uterus Before and During Placentation     

HB Beceriklisoy  I Walter  S Schäfer-Somi  I Miller  H Kanca  H &#;zgür  S Aslan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):654-659

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the presence and localization of MMP-2 and -9 by means of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) within the canine uterus from the pre-implantation stage until mid-gestation and to determine MMP-2 and -9 activities by means of zymography. For this purpose, samples of the uterus and salpinx from bitches were obtained after ovariohysterectomy. Pre-implantation stages (5-12 days after mating, n = 11) were determined by verifying embryos after flushing the uterus. Further groups were determined as implantation (15-19 days after mating, n = 9), post-implantation (20-30 days after mating, n = 9) and placental stages (30-45 days after mating, n = 3). A non-pregnant group (17-30 days after mating, n = 4) served as control. MMP-2 and -9 positive cells were detected in all specimens from pregnant and nonpregnant bitches, however, with different distributions. MMP-2 was present in endothelium and smooth muscles of blood vessels and the myometrium of pregnant and nonpregnant bitches, additionally in the surface epithelium of the oviduct. The latter also stained positive for MMP-9. During placentation, MMP-2 was detected mainly in fetal blood vessels and trophoblastic cells. Higher MMP-2 activity was observed in the endometrium and myometrium of all pregnant groups compared with the nonpregnant group (p < 0.05). The pregnant groups did not differ significantly from each other (p > 0.05). MMP-9 was present in blood vessels, smooth muscle cells and epithelia, such as maternal surface epithelial cells, uterine crypts and glands. During placentation, the deep uterine glands and the epithelium of the glandular chambers were immunoreactive to MMP-9. Highest MMP-9 activities were reached in the endometrium of the pre-implantation group (23.2% of total MMP-9) and placental parts (33.3%).  相似文献   

Expression of Genes in the Canine Pre‐implantation Uterus and Embryo: Implications for an Active Role of the Embryo Before and During Invasion     

S Schäfer‐Somi  HB Beceriklisoy  S Budik  H Kanca  OA Aksoy  B Polat  Y Cetin  SS Ay  S Aslan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(6):656-663

The aim of the present study was to assess genes expressed in maternal uterine tissue and pre‐implantation embryos which are presumably involved in maternal recognition and establishment of canine pregnancy. For this purpose, 10 pregnant bitches were ovariohysterectomized between days 10 and 12 after mating. Four non‐pregnant bitches served as controls. Early pregnancy was verified by flushing the uterine horns with PBS solution. The collected embryos (n = 60) were stored deep‐frozen (?80°C). Uterine tissue was excised, snaps frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized using TRI Reagent. All embryos from one litter were thawed together and also homogenized in TRI Reagent. RT‐PCR was performed to prove mRNA expression of progesterone receptor, key enzymes of the prostaglandin synthesis pathway, selected growth factors, cytokines, immune cell receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and matrix‐metalloproteinases (MMP). Only pregnant uteri revealed the presence of mRNA for interferon (IFN)‐γ, IL‐4 and CD‐8, which resembles the milieu in humans and other mammalians. Similarly, in day 10 embryos, mRNA for transforming growth factor‐β, insulin‐like growth factor‐1,‐2, hepatocyte growth factor, leukaemia inhibitor factor, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β,‐6,‐8, cyclooxygenase‐2, CD4⁺ cells, and MMP‐2 and ‐9 were detected, but not MHC‐I or ‐II. We therefore suppose that the canine embryo, like its human counterpart, actively initiates measures to prevent attacks from the maternal immune system to prepare its own adhesion, nidation, growth and further development.  相似文献   

Successful treatment of acute tumor lysis syndrome in a dog with multicentric lymphoma     

Vickery KR  Thamm DH 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1401-1404

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The dynamics of zooxanthellae populations: A long-term study in the field   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I Fagoonee  HB Wilson  MP Hassell  JR Turner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5403):843-845

Coral bleaching characterized by the expulsion of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) is an increasing problem worldwide. Global warming has been implicated as one cause, but the phenomenon cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of the variability of zooxanthellae populations in field conditions. Results from a 6-year field study are presented, providing evidence of density regulation but also of large variability in the zooxanthellae population with regular episodes of very low densities. These bleaching events are likely to be part of a constant variability in zooxanthellae density caused by environmental fluctuations superimposed on a strong seasonal cycle in abundance.  相似文献   

Urbanization's impact on sustained yield management as perceived by forestry professionals in central New York     

Brandon W. Vickery  René H. Germain  Eddie Bevilacqua 《Forest Policy and Economics》2009,11(1):42-49

The urbanizing forested landscape in the United States is creating challenges for resource managers and land-use planners. Logistic regression models developed to assess urbanization's effect on forestland for the mid-Atlantic and southern states found that population density was the best predictor of reduced commercial harvest opportunity. We applied similar methodologies in central New York to assess urbanization's impact on sustained yield management. We surveyed professional foresters in a five-county area and asked them to rate the potential for sustained yield management by township. We utilized those expert opinions to develop a logistic regression model that predicted the probability of sustained yield management in central New York while exploring the factors that influence sustained yield management. We found that road density was the primary variable influencing the likelihood of sustained yield management in central New York. Population density, which is highly correlated with road density, also proved to be a strong determinant of sustained yield management. The results suggest that the potential for sustained yield management approaches 10% at a road density of 3 mi/mi², 50% at 2.5 mi/mi², and 90% at 2 mi/mi². The corresponding figures for population density were 150 people per square mile (ppsm), 75 ppsm and 25 ppsm, respectively. In addition, we determined that the probability of sustained yield management approaches 100% for a property that is approximately 30 acres and drops to 50% for a parcel that is between 15 and 20 acres. This study provides resource managers and land-use planners a guide in which to effectively gauge the cumulative effect of urbanization on the forest resource in central New York. Unlike other regions of the United States, central New York's growth pattern is characterized by stagnant population growth (declining in some places) combined with continued urbanization and low-density sprawl. Because growth patterns vary regionally, different indicators may be needed to accurately assess the urbanizing forested landscape across the United States.  相似文献   

Employing landscape metrics in an open population model to estimate demographic parameters of a grassland bird     

Giancarlo Sadoti  Andrea L. Jones  W. Gregory Shriver  Peter D. Vickery 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(8):1553-1562

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冀中南棉区棉花黄萎病发生与气象因子关系分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

齐俊生  马存  李红梅  姚树然 《棉花学报》1998,(5)

１９８６～１９９６年在石家庄河北棉花所黄、枯萎病混生病圃,对中棉所１２每年８月２０～２５日进行黄萎病调查,并与当地６～８月每旬的平均气温、降水量、日照时数和空气相对湿度等与发生黄萎病关系进行单项和综合分析。结果表明,７月份气温２７℃是发病轻重的转折点,７月中下旬的气温是影响黄萎病发病强度的主要因素,可分为高温、低湿、少雨轻病年和低温、高湿、多雨重病年,两者出现频率接近５０％。经过对黄萎病指（Ｙ）与所有因子逐步回归分析,入选因子为７月中旬湿度（Ｘ５）、６月下旬降水量（Ｘ１２）、７月中旬降水量（Ｘ１４）、７月下旬日照时数（Ｘ２４）和６月下旬平均气温（Ｘ３０）,得出回归方程可试用于黄萎病发病的预测预报。  相似文献   

Typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis cases in Australia and India          下载免费PDF全文

J Gogoi‐Tiwari  C Babra Waryah  R Sunagar  HB Veeresh  V Nuthanalakshmi  PL Preethirani  R Sharada  S Isloor  A Bhat  H Al‐Salami  NR Hegde  TK Mukkur 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(8):278-282

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A study of neonatal cryptosporidosis of foals in New Zealand     

A Grinberg  WE Pomroy  HB Carslak  Y Shi  IR Gibson  BM Drayton 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):284-289

Abstract

AIM: To assess the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in faecal specimens from foals, and investigate an outbreak of neonatal cryptosporidiosis in foals revealed in the course of the study.

METHODS: Faecal specimens from foals received by a diagnostic veterinary laboratory in New Zealand between 2006 and 2007 were submitted to Massey University and tested microscopically for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The Cryptosporidium isolates in the oocyst-positive specimens were genetically identified to species level. In addition, specimen submission data from the participating laboratory for 2005–2007 were examined. In the course of the study, the identification of one Cryptosporidium-positive specimen triggered an on-farm investigation.

RESULTS: Twelve faecal specimens submitted by the participating laboratory between 2006 and 2007 were tested further, and three were positive for C. parvum. Specimen submission records indicated a total of 67 faecal specimens were tested for Cryptosporidium by the participating laboratory between 2005 and 2007; 12 (18%) were positive. The on-farm investigation on a broodmare farm revealed a high incidence of neonatal diarrhoea in foals; C. parvum was the only enteropathogen found in the faeces of 4/4 affected foals examined. The diarrhoea in all those foals was self-limiting, manifesting during the second week of life, resembling foal heat diarrhoea, and accompanied by a short but intense period of shedding oocysts.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The fact that Cryptosporidium parasites were identified in 18% of faecal specimens from foals analysed for this agent in 2005–2007 by the participating laboratory indicated that infection with this agent in foals is not uncommon.

Collectively, the results of this and previous studies performed in New Zealand indicate C. parvum is a cause of diarrhoea in newborn foals, potentially accounting for a proportion of cases empirically diagnosed as foal heat diarrhoea. It is therefore advisable to take precautions when handling diarrhoeic foals, until this potentially zoonotic agent is ruled out in the laboratory.  相似文献   

Active Immunization against Gonadotrophin-releasing Hormone in Chinese Male Pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XY Zeng  JA Turkstra  DFM van de Wiel  DZ Guo  XY Liu  RH Meloen  WMM Schaaper  FQ Chen  HB Oonk  & X Zhang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2001,36(2):101-105

We have investigated, under the normal conditions of local Chinese pig farming, castration of young male pigs by vaccination with a newly developed vaccine against gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Because of the very early onset of puberty, long fattening period and relatively harsh circumstances in Chinese pig production, an investigation of the endocrine response of Chinese breeds to this type of vaccination was of particular interest. Fifteen crossbred boars (Yorkshire × Yanan) from three different litters were randomly assigned to three groups of five animals each. The first group was immunized at 13 weeks of age with a GnRH tandem dimer OVA‐conjugate in Specol and received a booster immunization 8 weeks later. The second group was injected with Specol alone and served as untreated controls. The remaining group was surgically castrated at the time of weaning (at 6 weeks of age). Pigs were fed ad libitum from weaning onwards. All animals were slaughtered at 31 weeks of age. Immunized boars had undetectable or low serum testosterone (0.09 ± 0.12 ng/ml), low fat androstenone (0.05 ± 0.01 μg/g) levels and very low testes weights (19.1 ± 4.3 g). Intact controls had much higher serum levels of testosterone (9.76 ± 4.81 ng/ml), fat androstenone levels (2.26 ± 0.87 μg/g) and testes weights (114.3 ± 29.41 g) at slaughter. Both the immunized and castrated group grew significantly faster than intact boars (p < 0.01). Average daily gains in immunized, castrated and intact animals were 0.69 ± 0.08, 0.63 ± 0.05 and 0.42 ± 0.07 kg (mean ± SD), respectively. The present data demonstrate for the first time that the newly developed anti‐GnRH vaccine works very well under practical Chinese pig farming conditions, and can be an attractive alternative to surgical castration.  相似文献