Study of aged cognac using solid-phase microextraction and partial least-squares regression     

Watts VA  Butzke CE  Boulton RB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7738-7742

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS were used to analyze 17 commercial French Cognac brandies (9 young and 8 well-aged, ranging in age from 3 to 55 years). Sixty-four volatiles were chosen on the basis of chromatographic separation and/or known odor importance. Chromatographic peaks were manually integrated and the peak area data analyzed using partial least-squares (PLS) regression to study relationships between volatile composition (X variables) and age (Y variable). When only those compounds with the highest significance were included and from these selected the variables (a total of 33) with the highest correlation loadings on the first two principal components, principal component 1 explained 82% of the variance of the measured compounds and 85% of the variance in age. These were considered the most important volatiles to distinguish products of different ages because young and old samples were separated along principal component 1. Norisoprenoids, terpenes, and acetate esters had weaker positive and negative loadings and were therefore left out. The PLS model could predict sample age accurately with the optimum 33 volatiles as well as with a smaller subset consisting of ethyl esters and methyl ketones.  相似文献   

Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism     

Rafael V. A. Zafalon  Larissa W. Risolia  Vivian Pedrinelli  Thiago H. A. Vendramini  Roberta B. A. Rodrigues  Andressa R. Amaral  Marcia M. Kogika  Marcio A. Brunetto 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):322-342

Due to the presence of receptors in the cells of numerous body tissues, vitamin D is associated with several physiological functions that go beyond calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis and control of bone metabolism in the body. In humans, several studies have associated lower vitamin D concentrations with numerous diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases, and also with an increase in the total mortality rate of the population. Recently, this nutrient started to gain importance in veterinary medicine, and several articles have shown a correlation between low vitamin D status and diseases unrelated to bone metabolism. The present review aims to highlight the recent publications that investigated this relationship, bringing the evidence that exists so far in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

More accurate measurement of temperature in potato drills increases predicted potato cyst nematode population growth     

David A. Ewing  Helen Kettle  Vivian C. Blok 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):1010-1019

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are economically important pests of potato plants worldwide that can result in yield losses exceeding 80%, with an estimated cost of £50 million annually in the United Kingdom alone. The life cycle of PCN, and in particular the hatching of eggs and development and survival of juveniles, is sensitive to temperatures in the soil. Despite this fact, relatively little is known about temperatures inside potato drills and how these may differ to temperatures in the surrounding soil. We monitored the temperature inside potato drills at 19 sites across the United Kingdom and used a published temperature-driven process-based PCN life cycle model to compare predictions of PCN population dynamics driven by these temperatures to predictions based on modelled soil temperatures derived from the HadUK-Grid climate. We found that mean soil temperatures derived from the climate model were lower than those observed inside potato drills; thus, using temperatures measured directly in potato drills resulted in increased estimates of population growth and shorter estimated generation times than when using modelled soil temperatures. This finding suggests that greater understanding of the temperature inside potato drills is required if we are to make accurate predictions about the effects of temperature on PCN populations.  相似文献   

In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of a veterinary dry heat fluid warmer     

Vivian Chiang DVM  Kate Hopper PhD  BVSc  DACVECC  Matthew S. Mellema PhD  DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2011,21(6):639-647

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Widespread RNA and DNA sequence differences in the human transcriptome     

Li M  Wang IX  Li Y  Bruzel A  Richards AL  Toung JM  Cheung VG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6038):53-58

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Glyphosate adsorption on synthetic allophanes and halloysite: Effects of pH and mineral properties     

Vivian I. Remlinger  Katharina R. Lenhardt  Maria V. Rechberger  Thilo Rennert  Harald Rennhofer  Daniel Tunega  Franz Ottner  Max Willinger  Franz Zehetner  Martin H. Gerzabek 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(5):568-579

Background

Glyphosate (GLP) is a widely used herbicide with possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. In soils, GLP strongly adsorbs on clay-sized minerals, depending on pH, the amount of organic carbon, as well as the contents and properties of Al and Fe oxyhydroxides and clay minerals. Many clay-sized minerals have already been investigated regarding GLP adsorption behavior, but information on minerals commonly found in volcanic soils is still lacking.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the pH-dependent adsorption of GLP on allophane and halloysite, typical minerals found in volcanic soils.

Methods

GLP adsorption was studied in batch experiments at three pH values (5, 6, and 7). Synthetic allophanes with two different initial Al:Si ratios (1.4 and 1.8) and a halloysite were used as adsorbents.

Results

The adsorption capacity (AC) increased with rising Al:Si ratio and decreasing pH. The AC of allophane was significantly higher than that of halloysite. GLP adsorption on allophane was larger than that reported for other clay minerals and Al and Fe oxyhydroxides, especially at low pH. The AC of halloysite was higher than reported for most other clay minerals.

Conclusion

Different mineral formation pathways in volcanic soils, notably the formation of halloysite versus allophanes, strongly affect the soils’ retention capacity for GLP. The high AC of allophanes may induce the low mobility of GLP in allophane-containing soils. Long-term use of GLP may accumulate the herbicide in these soils with potential effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services.  相似文献   

多重PCR快速检测食品中的单核细胞增生性李斯特菌   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘海泉  赵强  孙晓红  吴启华  潘迎捷  赵勇 《中国农业科学》2010,43(23):4893-4900

【目的】通过对检测食源性致病菌单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌(LM)的多重PCR体系的优化,建立一种能够在食品样品中应用的四重PCR。【方法】采用热裂解提取菌液和菌落DNA,以16SrRNA、inlAB、iap、hly基因为靶基因设计引物,从影响多重PCR扩增的引物浓度、退火温度进行优化。【结果】通过其它5种同属异种菌即英诺克李斯特氏菌、西尔李斯特氏菌、威尔西李斯特氏菌、绵羊李斯特氏菌、格氏李斯特氏菌及副溶血性弧菌均未扩增出特异性的片段。纯培养物的最低检测限为102CFU/mL,模拟污染的生猪肉检测限不大于0.4CFU/g。【结论】通过菌落获得DNA的多重PCR方法更好,该方法具有敏感、特异、快速及准确的优点,可用于食品中LM的快速检测。  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in Campylobacter-contaminated retail chicken products: a year-round investigation in Japan     

Ishihara K  Takahashi R  Andoh M  Ueno H  Muramatsu Y  Tamura Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(1):117-120

Campylobacter was isolated from retail meat samples collected during the fiscal year 2009 in Japan. The higher percentages of contamination of chicken products were observed from June (39.3%) to November (83.3%). However, the highest number of human campylobacteriosis cases was reported in June in the Infectious Agents Surveillance Report. The chicken isolates with distinct clusters IVb and I, based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the flaA gene, were predominantly obtained during the periods between April and November 2009 and between February and March 2010, respectively. Extensive monitoring of Campylobacter contamination in chickens produced in various places is needed to analyse the seasonal variations between contamination of the meat products and the number of human cases with campylobacteriosis.  相似文献   

FIRST-PASS RADIONUCLIDE ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF AORTOILIAC THROMBOEMBOLISM IN A HORSE     

Michael W.  Ross  DVM  Abby D.  Maxson  VMD  Vivian S.  Stacy  CNMT  Kimberly B.  Buchanan 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(3):226-230

First-pass radionuclide angiography of the terminal aorta was performed in 3 normal horses and a 6-year old Standardbred intact male with aortoiliac thromboembolism. Thromboembolism caused chronic bilateral hind limb lameness, more severe in the right hind limb, was detected by rectal examination, and confirmed using transrectal ultrasonography. Using ^99mTc-HDP, first-pass radionuclide angiography was combined with hind limb and pelvis bone(delayed) scintigraphy and revealed marked reduction in blood flow through both external iliac arteries and absence of blood flow in the internal iliac arteries. Quantitative analysis showed a decreased activity in the right iliac vessels in the clinic patient consistent with reduced blood flow when compared to control horses. First-pass radio-nuclide angiography provided a method to obtain diagnostic images of the terminal aorta and branches and a method to diagnose aortoiliac thromboembolism in the horse.  相似文献   

Traveling Waves in the Brain     

Goldman S  Santelmann WF  Vivian WE  Goldman D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1949,109(2838):524-525

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