Influence of soil properties on the response to phosphorus in some tropical soils: II. Response to fertilizer P residues     

G.P. WARREN 《European Journal of Soil Science》1994,45(3):345-351

The residual values of fertilizer P in six tropical soils were assessed from the response of grass in a pot experiment. The comparison was made between residues of P that had been applied to a previous crop (also grass) and fresh P applied to uncropped soil. Yields of dry matter and P uptakes were fitted to Mitscherlich and linear equations respectively, and the availabilities of fresh and residual P were assessed by fitted parameters of these equations. With sufficient residual P, the maximum yields were close to those obtained with fresh P, but residual P always had a lower availability than fresh P. The residual value was assessed by the ratio of the availability parameters for residual and fresh P and these values showed that there were differences between soils in the decline of P availability. Residual value was not directly related to the initial availability of P. The P uptake responses to both fresh and residual P were correlated significantly with buffer capacity for exchangeable sorption of phosphate and Al extracted by acid oxalate. This suggested that there is an available fraction of residual P, the uptake of which is influenced by the sorption and mobility of phosphate in soil, in the same way as for fresh fertilizer P.  相似文献   

Laryngeal Hemiplegia in Draft Horses A Review of 27 Cases     

THOMAS C. BOHANON DVM  MS    WARREN L. BEARD DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  JAMES T. ROBERTSON DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(6):456-459

Case records of 27 draft horses with laryngeal hemiplegia were reviewed. Twenty-one horses were treated by ventriculectomy with or without prosthetic laryngoplasty, and 17 owners were contacted to determine the results. Fifteen horses improved after surgery and were able to perform to the owners' expectations. Performance improved significantly and hospitalization was shorter after ventriculectomy alone. Results of this study indicate that the clinical signs of exercise intolerance and excessive inspiratory noise associated with left laryngeal hemiplegia in draft horses can be treated successfully by ventriculectomy without prosthetic laryngoplasty.  相似文献   

SITE OF UPTAKE OF SOIL-APPLIED HERBICIDES*     

G. N. PRENDEVILLE  Y. ESHEL  M. M. SCHREIBER  G. F. WARREN 《Weed Research》1967,7(4):316-322

Summary. We conducted studies to determine the effects on corn (Zea mays L, var. Indiana 654) and pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) of localizing various herbicides in the soil, using a double plastic pot technique which ensured separate exposure of the root and shoot zones of the plants to treated soil. Effects on corn and pea were similar in relation to site of uptake. 2,4-D-amine, naptalam, simazine, diuron and dalapon-sodium entered primarily through the roots. Some shoot entry and also severe inhibition of roots occurred in soil treated with 2,4-D and naptalam; these were noticed only to a slight extent with the other three herbicides. EPTC, chlorpropham and trifluraiin were most effective when applied to the shoot zone. Little effect on foliage growth was evident when the root zone alone was treated. However, roots in treated soil were severely inhibited by these three herbicides. Dinoseb displayed a contact type of action, injuring both shoots and roots. Treatment of both zones had an additive effect. Entry of chlorthal-methyl which was tested on a susceptible species, sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) was mainly through the shoot, with only a slight effect on top growth when roots alone were treated. Roots in treated soil were slightly inhibited. Localisation de l'absorption des herbicides appliqués sur le sol  相似文献   

THE ADSORPTION OF FOUR HERBICIDES BY DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIC MATTER AND A BENTONITE CLAY*     

P. J. DOHERTY  G. F. WARREN 《Weed Research》1969,9(1):20-26

Summary. A bioassay was used to study, adsorption of prometryne, simazine, linuron and pyrazon by fibrous peat, sphagnum moss, muck soil and bentonite as 1 % mixtures with quartz sand. Of these bentonite caused least reduction in bioactivity, and sphagnum moss reduced it only slightly more. Fibrous peat and muck soil were the most adsorptive. Prometryne, simazine and pyrazon were more highly adsorbed by fibrous peat than by muck soil, while for linuron the opposite occurred. Fibrous peat was approximately three, seven, thirteen and three times more adsorptive than bentonite for pyrazon, linuron, prometryne and simazine, respectively, while for muck soil the corresponding values were two, fourteen, seven and two. Studies with prometryne and five different soils indicated that percentage organic matter, cation-exchange capacity and specific surface area were all highly correlated with adsorption.  相似文献   

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for bovine interferon-γ and its use for the detection of tuberculosis in cattle   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

JS ROTHEL  SL JONES†  LA CORNER  JC COX†  PR WOOD 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):134-137

An in vitro cellular assay for bovine tuberculosis has recently been developed. This assay detects gamma-interferon released in response to specific antigen in a whole blood culture system. The bio-assay previously described for the detection of bovine gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) has now been replaced with a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which utilises two monoclonal antibodies to bovine IFN-gamma. The EIA detects less than 25pg/ml of recombinant bovine IFN-gamma and is specific for biologically active bovine IFN-gamma; and does not detect bovine alpha or beta interferon. IFN-gamma from sheep, goat and buffalo, but not from pig, deer or man, are also recognised by the EIA. The bovine IFN-gamma EIA when used in conjunction with the whole blood culture system has resulted in a simple, rapid and sensitive in vitro assay for specific cell mediated immune responsiveness to M. bovis infection in cattle.  相似文献   

Personality attributes of gifted college students     

WARREN JR  HEIST PA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,132(3423):330-337

  相似文献   

PICES Third Annual Meeting     

WARREN S. WOOSTER 《Fisheries Oceanography》1995,4(1):80-80

  相似文献   

Antibiotic prophylaxis of lower respiratory tract contamination in horses confined with head elevation for 24 or 48 hours     

SL RAIDAL  RH TAPLIN  GD BAILEY  DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(2):126-131

Objective To evaluate the administration of procaine penicillin prior to or during confinement with head elevation as a means of reducing the associated accumulation of inflammatory lower respiratory tract secretions and increased numbers of bacteria within the lower respiratory tract of confined horses. Design and Procedure Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different dose rates and dosing frequencies. In experiment A a single low dose (15,000 IU/kg) of procaine penicillin was administered to four horses immediately prior to confinement with head elevation for 48 hours. The systemic leucocyte response, gross and cytologic characteristics of transtracheal aspirate and bacterial numbers in lower respiratory tract samples were compared with corresponding samples from two horses confined with heads elevated but not given penicillin. The efficacy of higher dose rates (20,000 IU/kg and 40,000 IU/kg) given before and during confinement with heads elevated for 24 hours was evaluated in experiment B. Results Treatment with procaine penicillin had no effect on the systemic leucocyte response or on the accumulation of inflammatory lower respiratory tract secretions at any of the dosing schedules evaluated. The number of bacteria isolated from trans-tracheal samples was reduced at 12 hours for treated horses in experiment A and at 24 hours for experiment B. β-haemolytic Streptococcus spp were not isolated from treated horses in either experiment. Bacterial species isolated from treated horses were predominantly Pasteurella and/or Actinobacillus spp, however, members of the family Enterobacteriaceaé and a Staphylococcus sp were isolated from treated horses. One treated horse in experiment A developed clinically apparent pulmonary disease. Conclusions The prophylactic administration of penicillin before or during confinement did not reliably reduce bacterial numbers or prevent the accumulation of purulent lower respiratory tract secretions in horses confined with their heads elevated. Numbers of β-haemolytic Streptococcus spp were reduced following treatment, suggesting that the repeated administration of procaine penicillin may have some merit as part of a strategy to prevent transport-associated respiratory disease. However, methods directed at minimising the duration of confinement with head elevation, augmentation of the clearance of accumulated secretions and prompt identification of animals in which airway inflammation has extended to the pulmonary parenchyma remain the best ways of minimising transport-associated respiratory disease.  相似文献   

Effect of transportation on lower respiratory tract contamination and peripheral blood neutrophil function     

SL RAIDAL  GD BAILEY  DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(6):433-438

Objective To evaluate the effect of transportation on lower respiratory tract contamination and peripheral blood neutrophil function in horses and to compare results from transported horses with those obtained in earlier experiments from horses confined with heads elevated. Design A prospective study. Procedure Six horses were transported by road for 12 h. Clinical and haematological examination, transtracheal aspiration and cell function studies were conducted before and after transportation. Results obtained after transportation were compared to pre-transportation values. Results After transportation, peripheral blood leucocyte and neutrophil numbers were increased and rectal temperatures were elevated. Transtracheal aspirates showed an accumulation of purulent respiratory tract secretions with increased numbers of bacteria, particularly β-haemolytic Streptococcus spp and members of the Pasteurellaceae family. Three horses also had increased numbers of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family relative to corresponding samples from earlier studies. Phagocytosis by peripheral blood neutrophils was significantly reduced, while the oxidative burst activity of peripheral blood leucocytes was either unchanged or enhanced. Clinical Implications Bacterial contamination of the lower respiratory tract occurs as a routine consequence of transportation of horses and is likely to be an important determinant in the development of transport-associated respiratory disease. Inflammatory airway secretions and increased numbers of bacteria were rapidly cleared, without clinical evidence of significant pulmonary disease and without additional treatment, in normal horses that were allowed to lower their heads after transportation. Peripheral blood neutrophilia and a reduction in neutrophil phagocytic function were evident for at least 36 h after transportation, suggesting that horses may require a number of days to recover from the stress of transportation. As the potential role of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family in the development of transport-associated respiratory disease has not been elucidated, horses which develop clinical disease following transportation should undergo thorough bacteriological investigation to ensure appropriate treatment.  相似文献   

Different Differences: Disability Equality Teaching in Healthcare Education, a document for action     

SL Raidal 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(10):370-370

  相似文献