A-esterase activities in relation to the differential toxicity of pirimiphos-methyl to birds and mammals     

Clive J. Brealey  Colin H. Walker  Brian C. Baldwin 《Pest management science》1980,11(5):546-554

Pirimiphos-methyloxon (2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl dimethyl phosphate) the phosphate analogue of pirimiphos-methyl, and paraoxon (diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate) the phosphate analogue of parathion were used as substrates to determine the esterase activity in plasma. Aryl groups released were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography or with a recording spectrophotometer. In a survey of 14 species of birds representing six different avian orders, the plasma esterase activities (expressed as nmol min^?1 ml^?1 of plasma) were always low, ranging from 0-71 for pirimiphos-methyloxon and from 0-0.63 for paraoxon. By contrast, mammalian activities were very much higher than these, and in no case was a sample of mammalian plasma less than 13 times more active than any sample of avian plasma using the same assay procedure. It is concluded that birds are deficient in A-esterase activity towards pirimiphos-methyloxon and paraoxon. The importance of this deficiency in determining the relatively high susceptibility of birds to these and other organophosphorus insecticides is discussed.  相似文献   

BLOAT IN CATTLE     

Don  Walker B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1960,36(1):17-20

  相似文献   

Effect of BioSentry 904 and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-tris disinfecting during incubation of chicken eggs on microbial levels and productivity of poultry     

Walker SE  Sander JE 《Avian diseases》2004,48(2):238-243

Proper sanitation practices and the use of efficacious disinfectants in a hatchery have an effect on chick quality. Aerosol bacterial counts, egg moisture loss, hatchability, chick quality, and broiler productivity were evaluated when egg surfaces were contaminated by immersion of each egg into a broth medium containing a field isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated with exposure to one of three disinfectant treatments administered by fine spray: distilled water, BioSentry 904 (904), and a 1:1 ratio of 904 and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-Tris. The aerosol bacteria levels were statistically greater on day 21 of incubation in the group treated with distilled water than in those receiving disinfectants. Overall hatch of fertile eggs and egg moisture loss were comparable among all three treatments. At 1 day of age, the chicks incubated with 904 had a statistically lower yolk sac contamination rate than those incubated with 904+EDTA-Tris or distilled water. The 2-wk mortality rates, body weights, feed conversion ratios, yolk sac weights, and yolk sac contamination rates were all similar among the three treatments.  相似文献   

Caged hens--AVA misses welfare 'boat'     

Walker B 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(12):817-817

  相似文献   

Inheritance of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in Irish Setters     

Garden OA  Pidduck H  Lakhani KH  Walker D  Wood JL  Batt RM 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(4):462-468

OBJECTIVE: To establish a model for inheritance of gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) in Irish Setters. ANIMALS: 44 dogs of a 6-generation family of Irish Setters with GSE and 7 healthy Irish Setters. PROCEDURE: Phenotype of each dog was determined after oral administration of gluten in the weaning diet, using morphometric evaluation of jejunal biopsies (all generations) and measurement of small intestinal permeability by use of a lactulose-rhamnose permeation test (generations 1, 2, and 3). Overall probability for each of 4 genetic models of inheritance (autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sex-linked recessive, and sex-linked dominant) accounting for segregation of partial villus atrophy within the entire family was calculated. RESULTS: The autosomal recessive model was most tenable and was 56,250 times more likely to account for segregation of partial villus atrophy than the autosomal dominant model, assuming disease prevalence of 0.8%. Both sex-linked models were untenable. These conclusions were robust to the error attached to estimation of disease prevalence. High intestinal permeability without morphometric jejunal abnormalities in 4 of 20 dogs in the 3 youngest generations suggested heterogeneity of lesions associated with GSE. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic transmission of GSE is under the control of a single major autosomal recessive locus.  相似文献   

Functional connectivity defined through cost-distance and genetic analyses: a case study for the rock-dwelling mountain vizcacha (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lagidium viscacia</Emphasis>) in Patagonia,Argentina     

R. Susan Walker  Andrés J. Novaro  Lyn C. Branch 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(9):1303-1314

Landscape connectivity can have profound consequences for distribution and persistence of populations and metapopulations. Evaluating functional connectivity of a landscape for a species requires a measure of dispersal rates through landscape elements at a spatial scale sufficient to encompass movement capabilities of individuals over the entire landscape. We evaluated functional connectivity for a rock-dwelling mammal, the mountain vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia), in northern Patagonia. Because of the strict association of mountain vizcachas with rocks, we hypothesized that connectivity for this species would be influenced by geology. We used molecular genetic estimates of gene flow to test spatially explicit models of connectivity created with GIS cost-distance analysis of landscape resistance to movement. We analyzed the spatial arrangement of cliffs with join counts and local k-function analyses. We did not capture and genotype individuals, but sampled at the population level through non-invasive collection of feces of mountain vizcachas. The model of landscape connectivity for mountain vizcachas based on geology was corroborated by the pattern of genetic structure, supporting the hypothesis that functional connectivity for mountain vizcachas is influenced by geology, particularly by the distribution of appropriate volcanic rocks. Analysis of spatial arrangement of cliffs indicated that occupied cliffs are clustered and confirmed that rivers act as barriers to dispersal for mountain vizcachas. Our methods could be used, within certain constraints, to study functional landscape connectivity in other organisms, and may be particularly useful for cryptic or endangered species, or those that are difficult or expensive to capture.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEW     

RG Stanley 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(10):611-611

  相似文献   

Infectious Canine Hepatitis Modified Live Virus Vaccine Produced in Ferret Kidney Cells          下载免费PDF全文

Pepevnak FL  Taylor PA  Walker VC 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1960,1(5):186-193

  相似文献   

Sampling of equine pulmonary vein blood     

L Q Hall  J E Senior  R G Walker 《Research in veterinary science》1968,9(5):487-488

  相似文献   

Influence of dietary zinc, corn oil and cadmium on certain blood components, weight gain and parakeratosis in young pigs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W G Pond  P Chapman  E Walker 《Journal of animal science》1966,25(1):122-127

  相似文献