TESTICULAR PATHOLOGY OF MERINO RAMS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D.A. Watt 《Australian veterinary journal》1978,54(10):473-478

SUMMARY The scrotal contents of 2,281 Merino rams of wide age range examined at 3 abattoirs in Perth, Western Australia, showed a 40% prevalence of rams with 1 or more gross lesions. The percentage prevalence of gross lesions found on autopsy were: adhesions 21, testicular atrophy/hypoplasia 14, testicular calcification 13, congenital cyst of the epididymis 6, cryptorchidism 4, chronic epididymitis/scrotal abscesses 2, varicocoele 2, testicular aplasia1, seminoma1. The prevalence of lesions increased with age of rams. Testicular atrophy was often present when varicocoele, chronic epididymitis and scrotal abscess affected that side of the scrotal sac. Corynebacterium spp was the most frequent isolate from chronic epididymitis. Actinobacillus seminis was isolated once and Brucella ovis was not isolated. About 20% of the rams showed lesions compatible with a diagnosis of reproductive unsoundness. A large proportion of lesions were revealed only after removal of the scrotum and most of these did not appear to affect normal spermatogenesis except for an estimated 9% of rams, which showed mild atrophy/hypoplasia. Samples of these testes showed mild to moderate changes in spermatogenesis on histopathology. It was postulated that the latter group of rams might represent those ill-defined clinical cases which show equivocal results on appraisal of semen samples despite the presence of palpably normal testes.  相似文献   

Intraluminal leiomyoma colon polyp in a mare     

Watt BC  Trostle SS  Cooley AJ 《Equine veterinary journal》2001,33(3):326-328

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Method for continuous drip therapy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J G Watt  A Stenhouse 《The Veterinary record》1966,78(19):642-647

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Jejunoileal anastomosis following small intestinal resection in horses: seven cases (1999-2001)     

Loesch DA  Rodgerson DH  Haines GR  Watt BC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(4):541-545

OBJECTIVE: To report the postoperative outcome in horses undergoing jejunoileal anastomosis performed with a 2-layer simple continuous technique. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 7 horses. PROCEDURE: Information regarding signalment, clinical signs, findings at surgery, and postoperative complications was obtained from medical records of horses that underwent exploratory ventral midline celiotomy, small intestinal resection, and jejunoileal anastomosis to correct various small intestinal strangulating lesions. Follow-up information was obtained via telephone conversations with owners or trainers. RESULTS: Six males and 1 female of various breeds aged 10 months to 27 years and weighing 312 to 785 kg (686.4 to 1,727 lb) were included. The most common complications were mild to moderate tachycardia and mild to moderate signs of abdominal pain. Two horses developed incisional infections and soft, fluctuant swelling at the incision site following resolution of the infection. Follow-up time ranged from 7 to 17 months after surgery. Owners reported no further colic episodes and no diet change necessary following surgery. All horses had returned to their intended level of use. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Advantages to the jejunoileal technique include maintaining the normal ileocecal valve and a postoperative recovery period similar to that described following other small intestinal anastomoses. Jejunoileal anastomosis is a viable alternative to ileal bypass. This technique appears to result in a postoperative complication rate similar to that reported following jejunojejunostomy procedures.  相似文献   

Hand-assisted laparoscopic technique for removal of ovarian tumors in standing mares     

Rodgerson DH  Brown MP  Watt BC  Keoughan CG  Hanrath M 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(10):1503-7, 1475

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Experimental infections with Dictyocaulus viviparus in vaccinated and unvaccinated red deer     

W Corrigall  A G Coutts  C F Watt  A R Hunter  R Munro 《The Veterinary record》1982,111(9):179-184

Four of eight red deer calves which had been artificially reared and were lungworm free were vaccinated with bovine lungworm oral vaccine when eight weeks old; the other four were not vaccinated. Three of each category were challenged daily with 500 Dictyocaulus viviparus infective stage larvae per kg liveweight for 17 days when six months old while one in each category was left as an unchallenged control. The effects of challenge were monitored and all challenged deer and one control were killed for post mortem assessment. Challenge with D viviparus was associated with reduced food intakes and weight gains but vaccinated calves were less affected than unvaccinated ones. The reaction of the alveolar tissue of red deer lung to D viviparus was mild in vaccinated and unvaccinated animals and differed from that of bovine lung in that alveolar epithelialisation was limited and hyaline membrane formation and interstitial emphysema were not seen. The disease was most evident in and around airways and was less in vaccinated calves. It was concluded that young red deer are tolerant to D viviparus but will readily acquire infection.  相似文献   

Identification of key soil indicators influencing plantation productivity and sustainability across a national trial series in New Zealand     

Michael S. Watt  Murray R. Davis  Peter W. Clinton  Graham Coker  Craig Ross  John Dando  Roger L. Parfitt  Robyn Simcock 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(1-2):180-190

New Zealand is committed to developing sustainable forest management practices as evidenced through Government involvement in international forestry agreements such as the Montreal Process, and the forestry sector's adoption of forest certification mechanisms. Despite this, there is little quantitative evidence of how plantation forestry affects site quality and long-term site productivity. To address this issue, a nationwide study of site quality was established at 31 key sites covering the range of edaphic and environmental conditions for New Zealand plantation forests. At each location, eight short-term site quality plots were planted at a very high stand density (40,000 stems ha⁻¹) to rapidly identify key soil indicators of growth which may be useful for determining site sustainability. The plots at each site were arranged in a factorial design with the following three factors: species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Mill.), fertiliser (no fertiliser and nutrients supplied in excess of crop demands) and disturbance (low and high disturbance). These plots were harvested after 4 years and data was used to (i) examine treatment and site effects on volume mean annual increment (MAI) and (ii) identify key soil properties that influence volume MAI for the two species.Volume MAI significantly ranged 7-fold across sites. For the treatments, species accounted for most of the variance in volume MAI, with values for P. radiata significantly exceeding those of C. lusitanica by 95%. Volume MAI was significantly affected by fertilisation which induced gains of 33%. Disturbance did not significantly affect volume MAI. After correction had been made for climatic variables, soil properties that were most strongly related to volume MAI for both species included C:N ratio, total phosphorus (P), and organic P. When soil properties were included in combination, the best predictive models of volume MAI formulated for P. radiata included total P and C:N ratio while the best predictive model for C. lusitanica included C:N ratio and Olsen P. Variation in species sensitivity to total P and C:N ratio is likely to be attributable to their different mycorrhizal associations. For both species, the most important soil physical property influenced by management operations was total porosity. This research suggests that total P, C:N ratio, Olsen P and total porosity should be used as indicator properties for determining sustainability of plantation grown P. radiata and C. lusitanica.  相似文献   

Brachypodium distachyon is a pathosystem model for the study of the wheat disease rhizoctonia root rot          下载免费PDF全文

K. Schneebeli  U. Mathesius  M. Watt 《Plant pathology》2015,64(1):91-100

Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) is increasingly being used as a model for cereal diseases and to study cereal root architecture. Rhizoctonia solani AG 8 is a necrotrophic root pathogen that infects wheat soon after germination resulting in reduced plant growth and yield loss. Genetic resistance to R. solani AG 8 is not available in commercial wheat cultivars, although some quantitative levels of resistance have previously been found in mutant lines and grass relatives. Resistance mechanisms in cereals remain unknown. The ability to use Bd as a model to study the wheat–R. solani AG 8 pathosystem was investigated. The results presented show that Bd is susceptible to R. solani AG 8 and that the pathogen infects both species to a similar degree, producing comparable disease symptoms. Root length reduction was the primary indicator of disease, with shoots also affected. The second objective was to develop a repeatable phenotyping method to screen Bd populations for resistance to R. solani AG 8. Results of a preliminary experiment provide evidence for variation in resistance between Bd inbred lines. This is the first report showing the potential of Bd as a model plant for discovery of quantitative genetic variation in resistance to a necrotrophic cereal root pathogen.  相似文献   

Ralph Salisbury 1938–2017          下载免费PDF全文

DA Watt 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(5):150-150

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Pregnancy loss in dairy cattle in the Waikato region of New Zealand     

S McDougall  FM Rhodes  GA Verkerk 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):279-287

AIM: To define the incidence rate of pregnancy loss and risk factors for those losses in pasture-fed dairy cattle in the Waikato region of New Zealand.

METHODS: Cows (n=2,004) from 10 pasture-fed, spring-calving dairy herds in the Waikato were enrolled following confirmation of pregnancy 29–45 days after insemination, for inseminations that occurred within the first 16 days of the seasonal breeding period. Transrectal ultrasonographic examinations for pregnancy were conducted at approximately 6, 8, 10, 14 and 22 weeks gestation, and subsequent calving data were recovered. Pregnancy loss was defined as having occurred when a confirmed pregnancy was not rediagnosed, when gross abortion was detected, or when a cow calved <265 days after the confirmed conception date. Data were analysed using reverse stepwise logistic regression and Cox's proportional hazards analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 128 (6.4%) pregnancy losses were detected. The incidence rate was higher in early compared to late gestation (10.9 vs 2.8 losses/10,000 cow-days between Weeks 6–10 vs Weeks 10–14, respectively; p<0.001). Higher rates of loss were associated with the occurrence of clinical mastitis (Hazards ratio (HR)=1.57; p=0.071), being treated for anoestrus (HR=1.69; p=0.007), and in cows that had calving-to-conception intervals ≤63 days compared with those that had calving-to-conception intervals >92 days (HR=2.49; p=0.06). In addition, the rate of pregnancy loss differed between herds (p=0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The highest rate of pregnancy loss occurred in early gestation. Clinical mastitis, anoestrus and calving late in the calving season were risk factors for pregnancy loss.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography can be undertaken from 28 days post-insemination. However, due to the high rate of pregnancy loss at this stage of gestation, herdowners need to be warned of possible losses, and cows should be re-examined to confirm pregnancy before certification of pregnancy status is given.  相似文献