Some histological lesions seen in macroscopically normal mesenteric lymph nodes of deer     

RG Clark  JC Glossop  PR Wilson  C Heuer 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

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Comparison of concentrations of copper in plasma and serum from farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

RA Laven  PR Wilson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):166-169

AIM: To determine the relationship between the concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum in red deer, and to compare this relationship with those previously reported in cattle and sheep.

METHODS: Paired serum and heparinised plasma samples from 114 red deer from 10 herds (n=6-20 per herd) were analysed for concentrations of Cu. Samples were collected either at slaughter (n=84; eight herds) or by jugular venepuncture (n=30; two herds). Thirty-nine of the samples taken at slaughter were from adult hinds from four herds, while other samples were taken from 10–14-month-old males, except for one herd (10 samples) where an equal number of 8–9-month-old males and females were sampled. The effect of age, gender and herd on the relationship between concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum was assessed using univariate ANOVA. The individual results for concentrations of Cu in serum were compared with those in plasma, using limits-of-agreement plotting.

RESULTS: The mean concentration of Cu in plasma was not significantly different from that of serum (0.048; 95% CI=-0.14 to 0.24 µmol/L). There was no effect of age, sex or herd on this relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: In deer, there was no significant difference between concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum regardless of age, sex or herd of origin.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In contrast to the situation in cattle and sheep, the concentration of Cu in serum can be used interchangeably with that in plasma for the estimation of concentration of Cu in blood of red deer.  相似文献   

Post-vaccinal distemper encephalitis in two Border Collie cross littermates     

RA Fairley  O Knesl  PA Pesavento  BC Elias 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):117-120

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: One 4.5-month-old male Border Collie cross presented with aggression and seizures in October 2006. A 16-month-old, female, spayed Border Collie cross presented with hypersalivation and a dropped jaw and rapidly became stuporous in September 2007. The dogs were littermates and developed acute neurological signs 5 and 27 days, respectively, after vaccination with different modified live vaccines containing canine distemper virus.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Sections of brain in both dogs showed evidence of encephalitis mainly centred on the grey matter of brainstem nuclei, where there was extensive and intense parenchymal and perivascular infiltration of histiocytes and lymphocytes. Intra-nuclear and intra-cytoplasmic inclusions typical of distemper were plentiful and there was abundant labelling for canine distemper virus using immunohistochemistry.

DIAGNOSIS: Post-vaccinal canine distemper.

CLINCIAL RELEVANCE: Post-vaccinal canine distemper has mainly been attributed to virulent vaccine virus, but it may also occur in dogs whose immunologic nature makes them susceptible to disease induced by a modified-live vaccine virus that is safe and protective for most dogs.  相似文献   

Experiments on the Layering of Hops II. Layering Young Plants     

W. G. Keyworth  Dorothy J. Wilson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):206-213

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Editorial changes—end of an era     

Dr. T. Michael A. Wilson  Judith L. Wilson  Geoffrey R Dixon 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6)

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Editorial Commentary     

Dr.T. Michael A Wilson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):407-408

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Coincidence of maximum severity of powdery mildew on grape leaves and the carbohydrate sink‐to‐source transition     

A. M. Merry  K. J. Evans  R. Corkrey  S. J. Wilson 《Plant pathology》2013,62(4):842-850

Grapevine leaves infected with powdery mildew are a source of inoculum for fruit infection. Leaves emerging on a single primary shoot of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon were exposed to average glasshouse temperatures of 18°C (0·23 leaves emerging/day) or 25°C (0·54 leaves emerging/day). All leaves on 8–10 shoots with approximately 20 leaves each were inoculated with Erysiphe necator conidia to assess disease severity after 14 days in the 25°C glasshouse. Two photosynthetic ‘source’ leaves per shoot on the remaining 8–10 shoots were treated with ¹⁴CO₂ to identify, by autoradiography, the leaf position completing the carbohydrate sink‐to‐source transition. There was a clear association between the mean modal leaf position for maximum severity of powdery mildew (position 3·7 for 18°C; position 4·4 for 25°C) and the mean position of the leaf completing the sink‐to‐source transition (position 3·8 for 18°C; position 4·7 for 25°C). The mean modal leaf position for the maximum percentage of conidia germinating to form secondary hyphae was 4·2 for additional plants grown in the 25°C glasshouse. A higher rate of leaf emergence resulted in a greater proportion of diseased leaves per shoot. A Bayesian model, consisting of component models for disease severity and leaf ontogenic resistance, had parameters representing the rate and magnitude of pathogen colonization that differed for shoots developing in different preinoculation environments. The results support the hypothesis that the population of leaves in a vineyard capable of supporting substantial pathogen colonization will vary according to conditions for shoot development.  相似文献   

Development and validation of a set of standard area diagrams to estimate severity of potato early blight     

Henrique Silva Silveira Duarte  Laércio Zambolim  Alexandre Sandri Capucho  Antonio Fernandes Nogueira Júnior  André Wilson Campos Rosado  Carine Rezende Cardoso  Pierce Anderson Paul  Eduardo Seiti Gomide Mizubuti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(2):249-257

Standard area diagrams (SADs) to assess the severity of potato early blight (Alternaria grandis) on leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were developed and validated. The proposed SADs include images of leaves with 10 distinct disease severities (0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %). The SADs were validated by 12 raters who had no previous experience in evaluating plant disease. Lin’s concordance correlation analysis of estimated vs. actual disease severity (based on image analysis) showed that precision and accuracy improved for most raters using the SADs, compared to assessments made without the SADs. The SADs improved accuracy (coefficient of bias, C _b ?=?0.97 and 0.99, without and with SADs, respectively) and agreement (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, ρ _c ?=?0.91 and 0.98 without and with SADs, respectively) of the estimates of severity. Severity estimates were more reliable when using SADs (coefficient of determination, R ² ?=?0.80 unaided and R ² ?=?0.95 with SADs, and the intra-class correlation ρ?=?0.86 without SADs and ρ?=?0.97 using the SADs). The SADs improved raters’ ability to accurately, precisely and reliably estimate potato early blight severity, and as such can be used to assess severity for several purposes, including breeding for resistance, fungicide screening, and pathotype characterization.  相似文献   

The Impact of Industrial SO2 Pollution on North Bohemia Conifers     

Milo? Rydval  Rob Wilson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):5727-5744

Conifer forests in the Jizerské Mountains, Czech Republic have experienced widespread and long-lasting effects related to industrial SO₂ pollution. To explore the spatial and temporal impact of this phenomenon on Norway spruce stands, a transect of sites was sampled to the southeast of the Polish coal-fired power station Turów. Tree growth at all sites displayed a significant reduction around 1980, which could not be explained by climate alone. However, by incorporating both climate and SO₂ variables in multiple regression models, the chronology trends could be explained well. The lowest growth rates were found to coincide with the period of greatest atmospheric SO₂ concentrations and the degree of suppression decreased with increasing distance from the power station. The period of growth suppression in a Silver fir site appeared to be more severe and longer in duration than for the spruce, although differing site conditions prevented a direct comparison. Fir trees also appeared to be affected by SO₂ pollution earlier in the twentieth century compared to spruce. Growth of both species, however, did not return to predicted levels following the reduction of pollution levels in the 1990s. A comparison with spruce and fir data from the Bavarian Forest, a region also affected by pollution in the past, revealed a temporal difference in growth suppression, likely related to different timings and loadings of SO₂ emissions between both regions. This study highlights pollution as another potential causal factor for the ??divergence problem?? and dendroclimatic reconstructions in polluted regions should be developed with caution.  相似文献   

Partitioning fine sediment loads in a headwater system with intensive agriculture     

Christopher G. Wilson  A. N. Thanos Papanicolaou  Kevin D. Denn 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(6):966-981

Purpose

This study was developed to improve understanding of the temporal variability of sediment delivery in a representative, intensively agricultural, headwater system of the U.S. Midwest by identifying the primary sediment source (i.e., uplands or channel banks) to the fine suspended sediment loads of three consecutive runoff events (with the third event being a flash flood) using naturally occurring radionuclides.

Materials and methods

Suspended sediment concentrations (C _s) from discrete and continuous sampling techniques agreed well despite differences in operating principles. The total sediment flux (Q _s) during each event was quantified over a 24-h period from the initiation of the rainfall using the following: (1) measured C _s and flow discharges (Q _w); (2) individual Q _w?CQ _s relationships for each event (herein called individual event relationships); and (3) a cumulative Q _w?CQ _s rating curve. The radionuclide tracers, beryllium-7 (⁷Be) and excess lead-210 (²¹⁰Pb_xs), were used with a simple two end-member mixing model to differentiate eroded upland surface soils and channel-derived sediments in the suspended loads of each event.

Results and discussion

Total load estimates from the measurement-based values and individual event relationships were similar, within 10?%, because they accounted for an observed non-linearity between C _s and Q _w (i.e., a clockwise hysteresis) during the events. The sediment rating curve assumed a linear relationship between C _s and Q _w and under-estimated the loads of the first two events while over-estimating the load of the flood event. The radionuclide partitioning quantified the proportion of eroded upland soils at 67?% for the first event, which was attributed to a ??first flush?? of readily available material from past events. For the subsequent and flood-event loads, 34?% and 21?% were respectively derived from the uplands, because less material was readily available for mobilization. Proportions are based on integrated samples for each event and are consistent with individual samples where available. During the flood event, stream bank mass failure was observed and bank erosion estimates from multiple methods compared favorably with the load results.

Conclusions

The radionuclide analysis showed decreasing proportions of eroded upland soils in the loads of the three successive events that was supported by observed clockwise hysteresis from source material exhaustion. Decreasing slopes observed in successive hysteresis plots for the events suggested that less material was readily available for mobilization following the first event flushing. The results of this study can assist watershed planners in identifying erosion-prone areas and determining optimal management strategies for sediment control.  相似文献