Recent Evidence of Animal Exploitation in the Axumite Epoch, 1st– 5th Centuries AD     

Tefera M 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(2):105-116

This study reports evidence of animal exploitation during the Axumite era based on a survey of architectural features, rock art and artefacts recovered from the archaeological site at Axum, northern Ethiopia. Animals and agricultural tools were identified from materials not previously examined. Pottery, rock art and animal remains revealed a range of zoological species. Agricultural implements and sacrificial vessels also provided indirect evidence of animal exploitation. It is concluded that, in addition to plough-based agriculture, the hunting of large wild animals, such as elephants and lions, and the exploitation of domestic cattle, small ruminants and poultry were part of the Axumite subsistence regime. Although it is difficult to reconstruct an overall subsistence pattern based on this study alone, the physical and biological evidence suggests that the Axumites practised combined cultivation and animal herding. Further investigation is required to study the types and breeds of animals and their distribution in time and space.  相似文献   

Factors affecting pollen shedding capacity in wheat     

S. M. Beri  S. C. Anand 《Euphytica》1971,20(2):327-332

Summary Twenty-two promising wheat varieties were studied for their plant height, length of filament, size of anther, number of pollen grains/anther and the extent of pollen shed outside the florets. Plant height and length of filament ranged from 54 cm to 136 cm and 4.5 mm to 11.9 mm, respectively. Taller plants showed a tendency to longer filaments. The number of pollen grains/anther varied from 581 to 2153. This character was particularly correlated with plant height. Tall varieties with more pollen grain/anther shed greater quantities of pollen outside the florets. This was due to longer filaments of most of the tall varieties. The size of anther was also positively correlated with pollen grain/anther.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity in Tef [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eragrostis tef</Emphasis> (Zucc.) Trotter] Germplasm     

Temesgen?AdnewEmail author  Seyfu?Ketema  Hailu?Tefera  H.?Sridhara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(7):891-902

One hundred and forty-four heterogeneous tef germplasm accessions collected from 10 major tef growing areas in Ethiopia were evaluated for 18 quantitative traits in a simple lattice design, at Holetta and Ginchi, in 2001 main growing season to study the genetic diversity in tef. The combined analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation among germplasm accessions for all traits studied. Cluster analysis revealed the overlapping of the germplasm accessions from different origin and the accessions were grouped into eight distinct clusters of 1–78. Generalized distance square confirmed the presence of significant genetic distance between clusters. In principal component (Prin) analysis, the first four principal components with latent root values above one accounted for about 80.6% of the variability existing among the germplasm accessions. Prin1 constituted about 55% of the variability mainly from almost equal contribution of 10 quantitative traits, indicating that most of the traits are equally important in tef diversity. In this study, the regions and altitudes of origin were not found to have a substantial effect on the genetic diversity in tef germplasm. Diversity within the regions was found to be significant and, hence, an opportunity for exploitation in tef improvement.  相似文献   

Effects of different forms of white lupin (Lupinus albus) grain supplementation on feed intake,digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Washera sheep fed Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay-based diets     

Gebru Tefera  Firew Tegegne  Yeshambel Mekuriaw  Solomon Melaku  Atsushi Tsunekawa 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(8):1581-1590

  相似文献   

Biology of barley shoot fly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Delia flavibasis</Emphasis> Stein (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on resistant and susceptible barley cultivars     

Goftishu M  Tefera T  Getu E 《Journal of pest science》2009,82(1):67-71

The biology of barley shoot fly Delia flavibasis was studied using resistant (Dinsho and Harbu) and susceptible (Holker) barley cultivars at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. A higher number of eggs was laid on Holker (17 eggs/female) than on Dinsho (11 eggs/female) or Harbu (12 eggs/female). However, there were no differences between cultivars in preoviposition and total reproductive periods. The shortest time required to complete larval, pupal and total developmental stages from egg to adult emergence occurred when the insect was reared on the cultivar Holker. Pupal weight, adult emergence and adult longevity did not differ between cultivars. The female to male sex ratio was 1:1. This study enabled us to understand the duration of each of the life stages of D. flavibasis, which will undoubtedly aid researchers and growers to design a sustainable management strategy against barley shoot fly.  相似文献   

Effect of primary inoculum sources of bean common bacterial blight on early epidemics,seed yield and quality aspects     

C. Fininsa  T. Tefera 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):221-225

Rainfed wetland rice (RWR) had more species in common with irrigated wetland than dryland rice agroecosystems. Across ecosystems, higher pest densities and losses were recorded in RWR sites. We hypothesise that under low pressure from natural enemies, vegetative stage losses became particularly high due the combination of whorl maggot and caseworm damage combined with the physiological stress of transplanting shock. Both of these pest groups benefited from an expanded vegetative period common in RWR agroecosystems. Losses in older rice were probably due to stemborers. RWR is more prone to an array of physiological stresses than irrigated rice that we believe minimises crop compensation to accentuate insect losses. Chemical control is uneconomical mainly due to the low yield potential of RWR and the poor efficacy of applied insecticide.  相似文献   

Mapping genes for double podding and other morphological traits in chickpea   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Seungho Cho  Jagdish Kumar  Jeff L. Shultz  K. Anupama  F. Tefera  Fred J. Muehlbauer 《Euphytica》2002,128(2):285-292

Seed traits are important considerations for improving yield and product quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The purpose of this study was to construct an intraspecific genetic linkage map and determine map positions of genes that confer double podding and seed traits using a population of 76 F₁₀ derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of ‘ICCV-2’ (large seeds and single pods) × ‘JG-62’ (small seeds and double podded). We used 55 sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMS), 20 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), 3inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and 2 phenotypic markers to develop a genetic map that comprised 14 linkage groups covering297.5 cM. The gene for double podding (s) was mapped to linkage group 6 and linked to Tr44 and Tr35 at a distance of7.8 cM and 11.5 cM, respectively. The major gene for pigmentation, C, was mapped to linkage group 8 and was loosely linked to Tr33 at a distance of 13.5 cM. Four QTLs for 100 seed weight (located on LG4 and LG9), seed number plant^-1 (LG4), days to 50% flower (LG3) were identified. This intraspecific map of cultivated chickpea is the first that includes genes for important morphological traits. Synteny relationships among STMS markers appeared to be conserved on six linkage groups when our map was compared to the interspecific map presented by Winter et al. (2000). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Qualitative trait variation in Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] germplasm from Western and Southern Ethiopia     

Kebebew Assefa  Arnulf Merker  Hailu Tefera 《Euphytica》2002,127(3):399-410

Three thousand tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] single panicle derived lines representing 60 populations from western and southern parts of Ethiopia were characterized for panicle form, pigmentation of lemma and anther, caryopsis color, number of main shoot culm internodes, and counts of florets/spikelet at the basal, middle and apical parts of the panicle at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during the 1999 main season. The objectives were to assess the diversity patterns of the germplasm with respect to regions and altitude zones. Among the eight characters, high Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H’) were noted for anther color (0.71) and number of apical spikelet florets (0.68), and the lowest occurred for panicle form (0.40). Monomorphism (H’ = 0.00) was observed for panicle form, lemma color and number of middle spikelet florets each in three different populations. The overall diversity index for all populations was 0.53. In the analysis of variance of H’ estimates, substantial (p <0.05) regional differences were obtained for lemma color, number of culm internodes, and counts of middle and basal spikelet florets. Clinal variation was significant for panicle form, lemma and seed color, and for the overall mean of traits. Over all traits, mean H’ values declined from 0.60 to 0.46 with an increase in the altitude zone of origin from below 1800 to over 2400 meters above sea level. Overall, the study showed substantial diversity in the test tef germplasm. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Genetics of grain yield and other agronomic characters in t'ef (Eragrostis tef Zucc Trotter). II. The triple test cross     

Hailu Tefera  W.E. Peat 《Euphytica》1997,96(2):193-202

The normal and selfed families of the triple test cross were employed to detect gene action in t'ef for grain yield and other useful agronomic characters in the breeding programme. Cultivars Kay Murri and Fesho were used as L₁ and L₂ testers, respectively. Eight randomly selected cultivars and two released varieties (DZ-01-354 and DZ-01-196) were crossed with the testers L₁, L₂ and L₃ (the F₁ of L₁ × L₂). In the case of the selfed families, 14 cultivars and two released varieties were used for crossing with the testers. The normal families were grown on an Inceptisol developed from volcanic ash whilst the selfed families were grown on a pellic Vertisol at the Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia. The rainfall during the experimental season was 463 mm. Epistasis was detected for grain yield, yield per panicle, panicle weight, plant weight, harvest index, tiller number, panicle length, culm diameter, days to heading and days to maturity in the normal families of the triple test cross (TTC) of t'ef. Similarly the characters grain yield, yield per panicle, panicle weight, plant height, panicle length, days to heading and days to maturity showed epistasis in the selfed families of the TTC. Epistatic interaction was not important for shoot biomass and for harvest index (for the transformed data) in this family. Therefore, both the normal and selfed families of the TTC were in agreement with regard to detecting epistasis for grain yield, yield per panicle, panicle weight, panicle length, days to heading and days to maturity. Significant additive (D) and dominance (H) components were estimated for the characters in both families, although the magnitudes might have been inflated due to epistasis. The dominance component for panicle length was unimportant in both families of the TTC and as a result the additive components were not biased. In general, the additive, dominance and epistatic components were important in t'ef. Since the crop is self-fertilized only the additive and additive × additive terms are important to develop pure breeding varieties. Therefore, selection for superior segregants should start in advanced generations as homozygosity increases. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Nitrogen and phosphorus transformations as affected by crop residue management practices and their influence on crop yield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. Beri  B.S. Sidhu  G.S. Bahl  A.K. Bhat 《Soil Use and Management》1995,11(2):51-54

Abstract. A 15-year field experiment investigated crop residue management practices, with crop residue removal, burning and incorporation as the main treatments and nitrogen levels as subtreatments. The effects of crop residue management practices on rice and wheat yield were measured for 11 years. Surface soil samples were taken to study nitrogen and phosphorus immobilization/adsorption and their release under laboratory conditions. The field experiment indicated that residue burning and residue removal resulted in greater grain yields of rice (5.57 and 5.53 t/ha, respectively) and wheat (4.12 and 4.02 t/ha, respectively) than residue incorporation (4.51 t/ha rice and 3.72 t/ha wheat). Laboratory experiments indicated that by the addition of crop residues nitrogen and phosphorus were converted to unavailable forms through immobilization and adsorption, respectively.
Crop residue management practices were discontinued after 13 years and wheat and maize crops were grown in sequence. There were significantly greater yields of wheat (3.57 t/ha in 1992–93 and 3.6 t/ha in 1993–94) and of maize (2.1 t/ha in 1993) in plots where the residues had previously been incorporated than where the residues were previously either removed or burned. This is attributed to release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the incorporated residues.  相似文献