Judgement of hygienic quality of roughage in horse stables in Switzerland     

Wichert B  Nater S  Wittenbrink MM  Wolf P  Meyer K  Wanner M 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(4):432-437

In 46 horse farms all over Switzerland, the hygienic quality of the roughage (including silages) was investigated. Therefore, a macroscopic examination as well as the microbial counts (bacteria, yeasts and moulds) was carried out. Further, the contents of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) were determined. In all roughages, the dry matter (DM) content was measured and in silages additionally the pH was measured. Predominantly, the straw showed a lower hygienic quality than hay and silages. The LPS contents were significantly higher in straw than those in hay samples. The macroscopic examination and the microbial counts showed a tendency in the same direction. Eight straw samples and one hay sample with DON contamination were found. The silages showed a DM content with a median of 65.8%. The pH of those silages was between 4.3 and 5.9. Despite the high values of DM and pH, the silages showed mainly a high hygienic quality. In total, the hygienic standard of straw was worse than that of hay. This should be taken into account also in straw used as bedding as much as the hygienic quality of hay.  相似文献   

Estimation of protein requirement for maintenance in adult parrots (Amazona spp.) by determining inevitable N losses in excreta     

Westfahl C  Wolf P  Kamphues J 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):384-389

Especially in older pet birds, an unnecessary overconsumption of protein--presumably occurring in human custody--should be avoided in view of a potential decrease in the excretory organs' (liver, kidney) efficiency. Inevitable nitrogen (N)-losses enable the estimation of protein requirement for maintenance, because these losses have at least to be replaced to maintain N equilibrium. To determine the inevitable N losses in excreta of adult amazons (Amazona spp.), a frugivor-granivorous avian species from South America, adult amazons (n = 8) were fed a synthetic nearly N-free diet (in dry matter; DM: 37.8% starch, 26.6% sugar, 11.0% fat) for 9 days. Throughout the trial, feed and water intake were recorded, the amounts of excreta were measured and analysed for DM and ash content, N (Dumas analysis) and uric acid (enzymatic-photometric analysis) content. Effects of the N-free diet on body weight (BW) and protein-related blood parameters were quantified and compared with data collected during a previous 4-day period in which a commercial seed mixture was offered to the birds. After feeding an almost N-free diet for 9 days, under the conditions of a DM intake (20.1 g DM/bird/day) as in seeds and digestibility of organic matter comparable with those when fed seeds (82% and 76% respectively), it was possible to quantify the inevitable N losses via excrements to be 87.2 mg/bird/day or 172.5 mg/kg BW(0.75)/day. Assuming a utilization coefficient of 0.57 this leads to an estimated protein need of approximately 1.9 g/kg BW(0.75)/day (this value does not consider further N losses via feathers and desquamated cells; with the prerequisite that there is a balanced amino acid pattern).  相似文献   

Evaluation of five clinical chemistry analyzers for use in health assessment in sea turtles     

Wolf KN  Harms CA  Beasley JF 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(3):470-475

OBJECTIVE: To compare blood biochemical values obtained from a handheld analyzer, 2 tabletop analyzers, and 2 diagnostic laboratories by use of replicate samples of sea turtle blood. DESIGN: Validation study. ANIMALS: 22 captive juvenile sea turtles. PROCEDURES: Sea turtles (18 loggerhead turtles [Caretta caretta], 3 green turtles [Chelonia mydas], and 1 Kemp's ridley turtle [Lepidochelys kempii]) were manually restrained, and a single blood sample was obtained from each turtle and divided for analysis by use of the 5 analyzers. Hematocrit and concentrations or activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, glucose, total protein, albumin, BUN, uric acid, P, Ca, K, Na, Cl, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Median values for each analyte were compared among the analyzers. RESULTS: Significant differences were found among the analyzers for most values; however, data obtained from the 2 diagnostic laboratories were similar for all analytes. The magnitude of difference between the diagnostic laboratories and in-house units was > or = 10% for 10 of the 15 analytes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Variance in the results could be attributed in part to differences in analyzer methodology. It is important to identify the specific methodology used when reporting and interpreting biochemical data. Depending on the variable and specific case, this magnitude of difference could conceivably influence patient management.  相似文献   

Cell-Cycle Control and Oocyte Maturation: Review of Literature     

M Stojkovic  J Motlik  S Kölle  V Zakhartchenko  R Alberio  F Sinowatz  E Wolf 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1999,34(3-4):335-342

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Persistent Frenulum of the Epiglottis in Four Foals     

Tom B. Yarbrough  DVM  Diplomate ACVS    ED Voss  DVM    Eric J. Herrgesell  DVM  Diplomate ACVR    Michelle Shaw  DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(4):287-291

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical signs and management of 4 foals with persistent frenulum of the epiglottis. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS: Four newborn foals. METHODS: Foals were admitted with a complaint of oronasal reflux after nursing. Variable systemic signs of aspiration pneumonia were evident. Nasal endoscopy confirmed persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Persistent frenulum of the epiglottis, confirmed by oral endoscopic examination, was transected. RESULTS: After surgery, all foals had the epiglottis positioned normally, dorsal to the soft palate. Clinical signs of oronasal reflux resolved by the second nursing attempt in 3 foals, whereas this was difficult to assess in one foal that was nursed intermittently because of the mares behavior. This foal died 2 days later. The other 3 foals have had normal epiglottic function for 2-4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent frenulum of the epiglottis should be considered in foals with oronasal reflux from birth. With appropriate medical and surgical management the prognosis for resolution should be good.  相似文献   

Risks for infection of strawberry plants with an aerosolized inoculum of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas fragariae</Emphasis>     

J. M. van der Wolf  A. Evenhuis  P. Kastelein  M. C. Krijger  V. Z. Funke  W. van den Berg  A. F. Moene 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(3):711-722

Xanthomonas fragariae is the causative agent of angular leaf spot of strawberry, a quarantine organism in plant propagation material in the European Union. Field experiments were conducted to assess the risks for infection of strawberry plants through dispersal of an aerosolized inoculum. In practice, pathogen aerosols can be formed during mowing of an infected crop or by water splashing on symptomatic plants during overhead irrigation or rain. In our experiments, aerosols were generated by spraying suspensions of X. fragariae with a density of 10⁸ cfu ml^?1 or water under pressure vertically up into the air. In strawberry plants (cv Elsanta) placed at 1.3, 5 and 10 m distance downwind from the spray boom, infections were found, as evidenced with a combination of dilution–plating and molecular techniques, but more frequently in plants wetted prior to inoculation than in plants kept dry. A logarithmic decrease in infection incidence was found with the distance to the inoculum source. Symptomatic plants were found up to 5 m distance from the inoculum source. No infected plants were found in plants placed 4 m upwind or treated with water. In glasshouse studies, it was shown that under conditions favorable for disease development, spray-inoculation of strawberry plants with estimated densities of X. fragariae as low as 2000 cfu per plant were able to cause symptoms both in cv Elsanta and cv Sonata. Results indicate that there is a considerable risk on infections of strawberry plants exposed to aerosolized inoculum.  相似文献   

Binding of the respiratory chain inhibitor ametoctradin to the mitochondrial bc1 complex          下载免费PDF全文

Marcus Fehr  Antje Wolf  Gerd Stammler 《Pest management science》2016,72(3):591-602

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Repeated monitoring of organic carbon stocks after eight years reveals carbon losses from intensively managed agricultural soils in Western Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Steinmann  Gerhard Welp  Andreas Wolf  Britta Holbeck  Thomas Große‐Rüschkamp  Wulf Amelung 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(3):355-366

Past land‐use changes, intensive cropping with large proportions of root crops, and preferred use of mineral fertilizer have been made responsible for proceeding losses of soil organic C (SOC) in the plough layer. We hypothesized that in intensive agriculturally managed regions changes in SOC stocks would be detectable within a decade. To test this hypothesis, we tracked the temporal development of the concentrations and stocks of SOC in 268 arable sites, sampled by horizon down to 60 cm in the Cologne‐Bonn region, W Germany, in 2005 and in 2013. We then related these changes to soil management data and humus balances obtained from farmers' surveys. As we expected that changes in SOC concentrations might at least in part be minor, we fractionated soils from 38 representative sites according to particle size in order to obtain C pools of different stability. We found that SOC concentrations had increased significantly in the topsoil (from 9.4 g kg^?1 in 2005 to 9.8 g kg^?1 in 2013), but had decreased significantly in the subsoil (from 4.1 g kg^?1 in 2005 to 3.5 g kg^?­1 in 2013). Intriguingly, these changes were due to changes in mineral‐bound SOC rather than to changes in sand‐sized organic matter pools. As bulk density decreased, the overall SOC stocks in the upper 60 cm exhibited a SOC loss of nearly 0.6 t C (ha · y)^?1 after correction by the equivalent soil mass method. This loss was most pronounced for sandy soils [?0.73 t SOC (ha · y)^?1], and less pronounced for loamy soils [?0.64 t SOC (ha · y)^?1]; silty soils revealed the smallest reduction in SOC [?0.3 t SOC (ha · y)^?1]. Losses of SOC occurred even with the overall humus balances having increased positively from about 20 kg C (ha · y)^?1 (2003–2005) to about 133 kg C (ha · y)^?1 (2005–2013) due to an improved organic fertilization and intercropping. We conclude that current management may fail to raise overall SOC stocks. In our study area SOC stocks even continued to decline, despite humus conservation practice, likely because past land use conversions (before 2005) still affect SOC dynamics.  相似文献   

Interference by Iron in the Determination of Boron by ICP-OES in Mehlich-III Extracts and Total Element Digests of Tropical Forest Soils     

Benjamin L. Turner  Aleksandra W. Bielnicka  James W. Dalling  Jeffrey A. Wolf 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(21):2378-2386

Boron detection in soil extracts by inductively-coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) can be influenced by iron interference, particularly in strongly weathered tropical forest soils. Boron concentrations in Mehlich-III extracts of 230 soils under lowland tropical forest in Panama were markedly overestimated at the most sensitive ICP-OES wavelength (249.772 nm) compared to a less sensitive but interference-free wavelength (208.957 nm) due to iron interference. Hot-water extracts contained insufficient iron to interfere in boron detection, but boron quantification in total element digests was affected strongly by iron interference at 249.772 nm. The relationship between boron overestimation and iron was used to correct a database of 300 Mehlich-III extractable boron measurements made at 249.772 nm for soils from a large forest dynamics plot. We recommend that boron measurements in tropical forest soils by ICP-OES should use the less sensitive 208.957 nm wavelength to avoid interference by extracted iron.  相似文献   

Salicylic acid can reduce infection symptoms caused by Dickeya solani in tissue culture grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants     

Robert Czajkowski  Jan M. van der Wolf  Aleksandra Krolicka  Zofia Ozymko  Magdalena Narajczyk  Natalia Kaczynska  Ewa Lojkowska 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(3):545-558

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