Potent analgesic effects of GDNF in neuropathic pain states     

Boucher TJ  Okuse K  Bennett DL  Munson JB  Wood JN  McMahon SB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5489):124-127

Neuropathic pain arises as a debilitating consequence of nerve injury. The etiology of such pain is poorly understood, and existing treatment is largely ineffective. We demonstrate here that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) both prevented and reversed sensory abnormalities that developed in neuropathic pain models, without affecting pain-related behavior in normal animals. GDNF reduces ectopic discharges within sensory neurons after nerve injury. This may arise as a consequence of the reversal by GDNF of the injury-induced plasticity of several sodium channel subunits. Together these findings provide a rational basis for the use of GDNF as a therapeutic treatment for neuropathic pain states.  相似文献   

Response     

Moore MW  Cacalano G  Wood WI  Bailish E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,269(5230):1591

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A QUICK METHOD OF PRESERVING CATS FOR DISSECTION     

Wood HE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1927,65(1680):261-264

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Evidence for the occurrence of induced resistance to pitch canker,caused by Gibberella circinata (anamorph Fusarium circinatum), in populations of Pinus radiata     

T. R. Gordon  S. C. Kirkpatrick  B. J. Aegerter  A. J. Fisher  A. J. Storer  D. L. Wood 《Forest Pathology》2011,41(3):227-232

Pitch canker, caused by Gibberella circinata, was discovered in California in 1986. Although initially quite damaging to Monterey pines (Pinus radiata), the severity of pitch canker has moderated in areas where the disease was first observed and some trees appear to have recovered completely. The absence of symptoms on trees that were once severely affected implies they have become more resistant to the disease. Experimental work has shown that P. radiata can manifest systemic induced resistance (SIR) in response to infection by the pitch canker pathogen and observations of disease remission may indicate that SIR is operative under natural conditions as well. As a test of this hypothesis, the susceptibility of trees in remission was assessed by inoculating them with G. circinata and recording the extent of lesion development. In addition, randomly selected trees in areas that differed in residence time of pitch canker were inoculated to determine if trees with a longer period of exposure to the pathogen were more resistant to the disease. The results of these tests showed that 89% of trees observed to be in remission sustained very limited lesion development, consistent with resistance to pitch canker. Furthermore, trees in areas where pitch canker was well established tended to be more resistant than trees in areas where the disease was of more recent occurrence. In sum, these findings support the view that SIR occurs in P. radiata and is contributing to a moderation of the impact of pitch canker under natural conditions.  相似文献   

完美主义塑造经典品牌     

李洪帆 《国际木业》2011,(8):13

"品牌"之于企业不仅仅是一种简单的符号表示,更是一种可以溢价和增值的无形资产。把自己的企业做成一个品牌,是无数企业家的梦想。但梦想与现实的旅途之中往往是荆棘密布、险象环生,就像国内许多品牌,尽管前赴后继层出不穷,但都经不起时间的考验,昙花一现的更是比比皆是,究其根源是什么呢?  相似文献   

Angiofibroma of the nasal cavity in 13 dogs     

Burgess KE  Green EM  Wood RD  Dubielzig RR 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2011,9(4):304-309

This case series describes a rare entity, nasal angiofibroma, in 13 dogs that were presented to the University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine from 1988 to 2000. All dogs in this case series presented with clinical signs and radiographic changes that were strongly suggestive of a locally invasive neoplasm. However, histopathology completed on transnostral core biopsy samples revealed benign appearing vascular proliferation with secondary lymphosuppurative inflammation was established despite cytologic criteria of malignancy present in five dogs. On the basis of the outcomes in this case series, nasal angiofibroma should be considered a differential for dogs presenting with clinical signs consistent with a malignant nasal tumour.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis>-mediated transformation of safflower and the efficient recovery of transgenic plants via grafting     

Srinivas Belide  Luch Hac  Surinder P Singh  Allan G Green  Craig C Wood 《Plant methods》2011,7(1):12

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Trichothecene genotypes of Gibberella zeae from winter wheat fields in the eastern USA     

D. G. Schmale  A. K. Wood‐Jones  C. Cowger  G. C. Bergstrom  C. Arellano 《Plant pathology》2011,60(5):909-917

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused principally by Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum), is a devastating disease of small grains such as wheat and barley worldwide. Grain infected with G. zeae may be contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Strains of G. zeae that produce DON may also produce acetylated derivatives of DON: 3‐acetyl‐DON (3‐ADON) and 15‐acetyl‐DON (15‐ADON). Gradients (clines) of 3‐ADON genotypes in Canada have raised questions about the distribution of G. zeae trichothecene genotypes in wheat fields in the eastern USA. Tri3 and Tri12 genotypes were evaluated in 998 isolates of G. zeae collected from 39 winter wheat fields in New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY) and North Carolina (NC). Ninety‐two percent (919/998) of the isolates were 15‐ADON, 7% (69/998) were 3‐ADON, and 1% (10/998) was NIV. A phylogenetic analysis based on portions of three genes (PHO, RED and URA) from 23 isolates revealed two species of Fusarium (F. graminearum sensu stricto and one isolate of F. cerealis (synonym F. crookwellense)). An increasing trend of 3‐ADON genotypes was observed from NC (south) to NY (north). Punctuated episodes of atmospheric transport may favour a higher frequency of 3‐ADON genotypes in the northeastern USA, near Canada, compared with the mid‐Atlantic states. Discoveries of the NIV genotype in NY and NC indicate the need for more intensive sampling in the surrounding regions.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of several wetlands in Kejimkujik National Park,Nova Scotia     

J. A. Wood  C. D. A. Rubec 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,46(1-4):177-186

Results are presented from an investigation of wetland chemistry in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia. Significant differences in the major ionic constituents occurred between wetlands classified as bogs and those classified as fens, indicating the more minerotrophic status of the latter. The fens, however, were categorized as extremely poor, being very low in pH and base cations, indicating almost no buffering capacity. This type of wetland is regarded as transitional to bog and is viewed as highly sensitive to acid deposition by Gorham et al. (1987). Further alkalinity losses may result in abrupt changes in floral assemblages with rapid invasion of carpet forming Sphagnum species.  相似文献   

Modification of soils in Nigerian savanna by soil-feeding Cubitermes (isoptera,termitidae)     

T.G. Wood  R.A. Johnson  J.M. Anderson 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1983,15(5):575-579

Soil-feeding termites ingest humified, organic-rich soil. The soil faeces are used for nest construction and mounds of two species of Cubitermes contained more soil, clay, exchangeable Ca and Mg, available P, total N and organic C than adjacent topsoil. Available P increased by 1.4–6.0 times. Mounds of a plant-debris feeding termite, Trinervitermes, contained significantly more of these fractions, with the exception of available P, than adjacent topsoil. The modification of Trinervitermes mounds by Cubitermes resulted in a 2-fold increase in available P, whereas organic C remained the same and N increased by 1.5-times. The relatively large increase in available P resulting from soil feeding termites could be attributed to the high pH regime in their hind-guts.  相似文献