鲜切生菜贮藏期间产品品质变化及褐变发生规律     

项雯慧  贾瑞芳  刘艳 《北方园艺》2017,(1)

为了研究鲜切生菜贮藏期间品质变化和褐变发生的规律及其内在机理,以新鲜圆生菜为试材,经切分处理,置于4℃下贮藏,观测贮藏期间鲜切生菜外观品质、主要营养成分以及与褐变相关的褐变度,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化规律。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,经过切分处理的鲜切生菜的含水量逐步降低,失重率增大,后期腐烂明显;主要营养成分叶绿素、还原型维生素C(VC)、可溶性蛋白质含量均出现不同程度的下降;褐变度呈现上升趋势,组织中的PAL活性和总酚含量先升高后逐步下降;PPO活性在整个贮藏时期内呈现出下降趋势,POD活性在贮藏的后期迅速升高。综合分析认为,切分损伤能够诱使PAL活性提高,并促进酶促褐变底物酚类物质的大量积累,通过PPO和POD协同作用,加剧褐变发生;鲜切生菜随贮藏时间延长,其综合品质下降,建议最佳食用期0~3d,货架期0~8d。  相似文献   

四季秋海棠无土栽培优良基质的筛选     

赵斌  付乃峰  向言词  田代科 《北方园艺》2017,(9)

为探究秋海棠的优良栽培基质及草坪草的修剪废弃物替代泥炭作为基质的可能性,以栽培广泛的四季秋海棠幼苗为试材,在上海辰山植物园的栽培大棚中进行盆栽试验。分别选用T1(泥炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1)、T2(泥炭∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T3(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T4(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T5(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T6(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T7(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)和T8(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)8种混合基质,比较四季秋海棠的生长表现差异。结果表明:四季秋海棠在8种栽培基质中,上盆后30~60d时茎均显著增大,60~90d时株高、叶数和叶面积增加最多。最佳综合表现为T6处理,在该基质中,分枝数、叶片厚度、开花数、地上部分鲜干质量和相对叶绿素含量均最大。综合评价分析,基质用草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1替换泥炭,可满足四季秋海棠生长,因此,修剪后的草坪草废弃物可替换泥炭用于秋海棠的无土栽培基质。  相似文献   

茉莉酸甲酯诱导辣椒抗青枯病与活性氧代谢的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

向妙莲  赵显阳  陈明  付永琦  曾晓春 《园艺学报》2017,44(10):1985-1992

为探究茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,Me JA)诱导辣椒抗青枯病效应与活性氧代谢相关酶的关系,以辣椒易感青枯病品种‘粤红1号’和抗青枯病品种‘辛香8号’幼苗为试验材料,在0.1mmol·L-1 Me JA喷雾处理后12、24、48、72和96 h接种青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum),对其进行青枯病病情指数与活性氧代谢相关酶——超氧化酶歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate Peroxidase,APX)活性以及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量测定及相互关系的分析。结果表明:‘粤红1号’和‘辛香8号’的病情指数随喷Me JA处理时间的推移表现为先降后升,但都低于对照;而诱导效果则相反,Me JA处理对两个辣椒品种幼苗抗性的最适诱导时间均为接种前48 h。接种后0~96 h,Me JA喷雾处理的辣椒幼苗叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX酶活性均显示先升后降的趋势,且明显高于对照,接种后24~48 h达到最高,而MDA含量则明显低于对照。因此,Me JA可诱导辣椒幼苗抗青枯病,其实现途径可能与提高活性氧代谢相关酶活性和缓解膜脂过氧化有关。  相似文献   

乌桕对南方根结线虫与地上不同食性昆虫互作的光合生理响应     

刘亚珍  项瑶  郭文锋  高旭  李晓琼 《植物保护》2019,45(6):222-228

本文通过比较乌桕对两种地上不同食性昆虫(专食性癞皮夜蛾、广食性斜纹夜蛾)与南方根结线虫互作的光合生理响应,分析不同空间植食性生物间的互作关系及植物的响应机制。结果表明:无南方根结线虫胁迫下,2种地上不同食性昆虫对乌桕的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)及胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)的影响与对照组无显著差异;而南方根结线虫胁迫下,2种地上昆虫显著降低了乌桕G_s及C_i。其中,与对照组及癞皮夜蛾处理组相比,南方根结线虫与斜纹夜蛾的共同胁迫显著降低了乌桕P_n、G_s及C_i。此外,斜纹夜蛾为害增加了乌桕叶绿素含量,南方根结线虫胁迫降低了叶绿素含量。因此,南方根结线虫与斜纹夜蛾间形成一种加性效应,并对乌桕光合生理产生了拮抗效应,而这种效应在南方根结线虫与癞皮夜蛾间并不显著。由此可见,乌桕对地上-地下植食性生物胁迫形成不足补偿机制,且具体的响应机制与植食性生物的食性相关。  相似文献   

茉莉酸甲酯调控防御酶活性诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

盘柳依  赵显阳  陈明  付永琦  向妙莲  陈金印 《植物保护》2019,45(1):75-80

以‘金魁’猕猴桃果实为试验材料,研究茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)调控防御酶活性抗猕猴桃采后软腐病的效应。测定了MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病病斑直径、软腐病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea抑菌作用及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)等防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:在0.001～10 mmol/L浓度范围内,MeJA对猕猴桃软腐病菌B.dothidea的抑制作用随浓度升高而增强;MeJA对猕猴桃果实最佳诱导浓度和熏蒸时间分别为0.1 mmol/L和24 h,其诱导效果分别为26.01%和26.85%;猕猴桃果实经0.1 mmol/L MeJA熏蒸处理24 h后,SOD、POD、CAT、APX和PPO活性提高,其中SOD和POD活性分别较对照增加33.85%和61.61%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。以上结果暗示MeJA诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后软腐病可能与其提高防御酶活性有关。  相似文献   

花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

项洪涛  梁晓艳  郑殿峰  李琬  王彤彤  王畅  王立志  李冰  齐德强 《干旱地区农业研究》2019,37(2):114-122

盆栽条件下,以耐冷性不同的2个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种龙稻5（耐冷型）和龙粳11（冷敏型）为材料,于开花期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5 d）处理,研究开花期低温对不同耐冷性水稻结实率及叶鞘膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理指标的影响。结果表明：低温处理2 d时,龙稻5和龙粳11的花粉活力分别下降了8.21%和16.10%,差异达极显著水平;低温处理3 d后,龙稻5的结实率下降到99.90%,与CK相比差异达到显著水平;低温处理1 d后,龙粳11的结实率下降到60.04%,与对照相比差异达到极显著水平。低温处理提高了水稻叶鞘相对电导率和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量,处理5 d时各指标达最大值,与CK相比,龙稻15和龙粳11分别提高了38.01%和20.77%、25.06%和84.85%、25.82%和23.63%。同时低温处理也提高了叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,处理3 d时酶活性达最大值,龙稻15和龙粳11分别较CK提高了10.57%和14.90%、86.26%和68.71%、17.73%和28.25%。综上所述,开花期低温引起水稻叶鞘膜脂过氧化程度升高,但也诱导水稻叶鞘抗氧化系统开启、保护酶活性上升以抵御低温伤害;开花期低温导致水稻花粉活力降低并引起结实率降低,耐冷品种较冷敏品种抵御能力强。  相似文献   

一株高致病力赭绿青霉的生物学特性及杀虫活性          下载免费PDF全文

王帆  向剑  胡军华  李春峰  陈若霓  陈仕江  卿玉玲  秦少容 《中国生物防治学报》2019,35(4):576-585

为明确一株高致病力赭绿青霉Penicillium ochrochloron Q-1的生防潜力,室内测试了不同营养、环境因素及常见杀菌剂、杀虫剂对菌株Q-1的影响,并采用室内毒力测定方法研究菌株Q-1对不同昆虫的毒力。结果表明：菌株Q-1对营养要求较低,最适生长和产孢培养基分别为淀粉琼脂培养基（SYA）和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（PDA）,最适生长碳源为麦芽糖,最适产孢碳源为葡萄糖,最适生长和产孢氮源均为蛋白胨,最适生长及产孢温度为28℃,最适pH为6.0,同时菌株Q-1的孢子对紫外线具有一定的耐受力;化学农药中四螨嗪等杀虫剂对菌株Q-1生长影响较小,多菌灵、咪鲜胺等杀菌剂明显抑制菌株Q-1生长;在1×10⁷孢子/mL浓度下,菌株Q-1对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨的LT₅₀分别为4.08、21.37和28.43 h。综上,菌株Q-1生长快、产孢量高,对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨致病力高,本研究为赭绿青霉进一步开发利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD through targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway     

CHEN Meng-yue  CHEN Wei-dong  LIU Yi-min  XIANG Si-cheng  YIN Hui-ling  ZHANG Zhi-feng 《园艺学报》2019,35(1):106-111

AIM: To explore the effect of shikonin on rat primary cortical neurons in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury model.METHODS: The neurons were pretreated with shikonin at different concentrations (0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 μmol/L) followed by treatment with OGD. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) double staining were used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis, and then the optimal concentration of shikonin was determined. LY294002 (PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor, 1 μmol/L) was added before the addition of shikonin, and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons was determined by Wes-tern blot. LDH release assay and FDA/PI double staining were also used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis.RESULTS: A certain concentration (0.2~20 μmol/L) of shikonin increased the viability of impaired neurons (P<0.05) and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons (P<0.05). The effect of shikonin on neuronal p-Akt (Ser473) levels and the cell death were blocked by LY294002 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of shikonin reduces OGD-induced apoptosis of rat primary cortical neurons by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.  相似文献   

All-trans retinoic acid attenuates blood-brain barrier injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats through JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway     

LI Ming-hang  TIAN Xiao-cui  AN Rui-di  ZHANG Qian  YANG Mei  XIANG Fei  WANG Yu-chun  XU Lu  DONG Zhi 《园艺学报》2019,35(1):112-118

AIM: To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury in rats and its possible role mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model (CIR) group and CIR+ATRA (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) groups. The rat model of CIR injury was established by MCAO thread occlusion method. After ischemia for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h, the neurological functional behavioral score, cerebral infarction volume, brain water content and Evans blue content were determined. The activity of matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) was measured by gelatin zymography. The protein levels of claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, JNK, p-JNK, P38, p-P38 and MMP-9 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with CIR model group, ATRA at 30 mg/kg significantly improved neurological function, and decreased cerebral infarction volume, brain water content, Evans blue content and the degradation of tight junction proteins in ischemic area (P<0.01). The activity and protein expression of MMP-9 in ischemic brain tissue were decreased (P<0.01). The phosphorylation of JNK and P38 was inhibited and the protein levels of p-JNK and p-P38 were decreased (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: ATRA reduces the damage of brain tissue and the destruction of blood-brain barrier induced by CIR in rats. The protective effect may be related to inhibiting the activation of JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway and MMP-9.  相似文献   

Cepharanthine induces autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells     

XIANG Fu-ying  JIANG Sheng-lin  CHENG Xian-ying 《园艺学报》2019,35(5):940

AIM: To investigate the autophagy of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells induced by cepharanthine and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: The effect of cepharanthine on the viability of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. The SKOV3 cells were treated with cepharanthine, and then the formation of autophagosome was observed with acridine orange staining under fluorescence microscope. The protein levels of LC3, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR and GAPDH in the SKOV3 cells treated with cepharanthine were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Cepharanthine significantly inhibited the viability of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The number of the intracellular acidic autophagosomes with bright red fluorescence was significantly increased after cepharanthine treatment in the SKOV3 cells. The expression of LC3-Ⅱ in SKOV3 cells was significantly enhanced after cepharanthine treatment. Furthermore, treatment with cepharanthine in the SKOV3 cells also resulted in a significant down-regulation of phosphorylated form of AKT and mTOR (P<0.01), while the total protein level was not changed. Combination of cepharanthine and 3-methyladenine resulted in a substantial decrease in the cell viability compared with using cepharanthine alone.CONCLUSION: Cepharanthine significantly inhibits the growth of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and induces the autophagy, which may be correlated with down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.  相似文献