植被盖度对典型草原区地表风沙流结构及风蚀量影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邢恩德  马少薇  郭建英  李锦荣  蓝登明 《水土保持研究》2015,22(6):331-334

选择内蒙古锡林郭勒盟典型草原为研究区域,通过风洞模拟试验开展典型草原植被盖度对土壤风蚀的定量化分析研究,旨在探明不同植被盖度下起动风速、地表风沙流结构及风蚀量影响的规律,从而为该地区制定合理的防风固沙技术提供理论依据。结果表明:起动风速随植被盖度的增加而增大;受植被的影响风沙流结构呈跳跃式分布,近地层的输沙率随植被盖度的增加而减小,最大输沙率的高度层随植被盖度的增加不断上移;不同植被盖度下,风速与总输沙量之间均呈幂函数关系,各风速下总输沙量随着植被盖度的增加而减少。  相似文献   

玉米谷氨酰胺合成酶基因家族的生物信息学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯万军  窦晨  牛旭龙  邢国芳 《玉米科学》2015,23(1):51-57

谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS,EC6.3.1.2)是氮素代谢途径中的关键酶,对植物的生长和发育至关重要。采用多种生物信息学软件对6个玉米GS基因的可变剪接现象、核苷酸序列、编码蛋白序列、磷酸化位点、基因组结构、同源进化关系以及启动子顺式作用元件进行系统的生物信息学分析。结果表明,5个玉米GS基因存在可变剪接现象,编码蛋白的氨基酸数目为356~423个;6个玉米GS蛋白存在19~38个的磷酸化位点,各成员基因组序列上含有10~15个外显子;玉米GS基因可划分为GS2、GS1-1、GS1-2和GS1-3等4个亚组;6个基因定位到1、4、5、9和10号共5条染色体上,6个成员的启动子区域含有MYB结合位点、水杨酸响应元件和茉莉酸甲酯响应元件等重要的调控元件。  相似文献   

府谷县耕地糜子种植适宜性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张昳  常庆瑞  赵业婷  孙梨萍 《干旱地区农业研究》2015,33(1):187-193

为了更合理地开发和利用当地有限的耕地资源,维护和提高耕地生产力,采用府谷县2011年"测土配方施肥"项目数据,基于GIS技术平台,综合利用地统计学、特尔斐法、综合评价法等方法,结合"3414"田间肥效试验结果,建立府谷县糜子种植适宜性评价体系。结果表明:对糜子种植而言,府谷县土壤有机质含量偏低(<10g·kg-1),碱解氮含量中等(25~40 mg·kg-1),有效磷含量偏低(5~10 mg·kg-1),速效钾含量中等(70~100mg·kg-1)。研究区耕地糜子种植适宜性水平分异大,高度适宜的耕地面积占总耕地面积的11.20%,适宜占28.99%,二者多沿河流阶地分布;勉强适宜占54.62%,遍布黄土丘陵区;不适宜占5.19%,呈点缀状分布于中部黄土丘陵区。增施碱解氮和有效磷,提高土壤有机质含量,保持土壤速效钾含量,同时注意改善土壤结构,提高土壤抗旱保肥和供肥能力,进一步提高糜子种植适宜性水平。  相似文献   

甘蓝型冬油菜在西北不同生态区适应性及生理生化反应   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王月  孙万仓  刘自刚  杨宁宁  方彦  曾秀存  孔德晶  鲁美宏  王丽萍  董红业  杨刚  侯献飞  刘林波  种彦容 《干旱地区农业研究》2015,33(4):197-205

选用50个国内外甘蓝型冬油菜品种,在兰州和天水两个生态区进行大田种植,苗期进行田间植物学形态特征统计,越冬前降温期对叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量以及相应光合参数进行测定,研究它们在不同生态区的抗寒适应性和生理生化反应。结果显示:由天水北移至兰州后,各参试品种越冬率大幅下降,证明天水是我国冬油菜分布北界;部分品种形态特征发生变化,78%的叶色加深,52%的叶柄变短,大多数品种的侧裂叶对数由1~2对增至3~4对;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)下降,平均降幅为1.54%和60.53%,蒸腾速率(Tr)显著升高,平均升幅为44.27%,不同品种的光合速率(Pn)变化存在较大差异;同时,CAT、POD、SOD酶活性、MDA和可溶性蛋白含量都有所升高,其中POD酶活性和MDA含量升高幅度较大,分别为82.59%和48.82%。相关性分析表明,两地的越冬率与POD酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著正相关,而与MDA含量呈极显著负相关。  相似文献   

50份苦荞种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

贾瑞玲  马宁  魏立平  刘彦明  南铭 《干旱地区农业研究》2015,33(5):11-16

在定西市农业科学研究院旱地试验基地,对50份苦荞种质资源的遗传多样性进行了田间观测分析,归纳其亲缘关系,以为合理利用苦荞种质资源提供依据。结果表明:1 50份苦荞种质资源间存在丰富的遗传多样性,4个质量性状(粒型、粒色、株型、抗倒性)以粒色的遗传多样性指数最高;6个数量性状(生育期、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝、千粒重、单株粒重)以单株粒重的遗传多样性指数最高,变异系数最大。2相关性分析和聚类分析表明类群Ⅲ所包括的11份材料具有生育期短、植株较矮、分枝多、株型较为松散、抗倒伏、千粒重和单株粒重高等特性,是选育高产抗倒型苦荞的理想亲本材料。  相似文献   

英国薰衣草叶盘遗传转化体系的创建     

苏秀娟  王莉萍  代培红  陈全家  曲延英 《新疆农业科学》2015,52(3):517-522

[目的]以英国薰衣草叶片为材料,创建稳定高效的农杆菌介导薰衣草的遗传转化体系.[方法]未经预培养的英国薰衣草叶片,在OD600=0.4的根癌农杆菌菌液中浸染10 min,共培养1d后,在Cef抑菌浓度为300 mg/L、Kan筛选浓度为30 mg/L的选择培养基上诱导芽分化,抗性芽在Kan浓度为10 mg/L生根培养基上诱导生根.[结果]对筛选得到的65株抗性苗进行PCR检测,获得2株阳性植株,转化率达到3.00;.[结论]建立了稳定高效的农杆菌介导英国薰衣草的遗传转化体系.  相似文献   

氮素形态对植物生长影响的研究进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

邢瑶  马兴华 《中国农业科技导报》2015,17(2):109-117

铵态氮和硝态氮作为植物从土壤中吸收的主要无机态氮素,对植物的形态学特征以及生理过程具有不同的影响。从植物对不同形态氮素的吸收利用机制,氮素形态调控植物养分吸收、根系发育、光合生理、产量与品质形成及氮转运蛋白基因表达等方面进行了综述,阐述了氮素形态调控植物生长的机理,并提出了氮素形态研究中需要进一步阐明的问题。  相似文献   

Functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis to eggs of Nilaparvata lugens are not affected by genetically modified herbicide-tolerant rice     

JIANG Xian-bin  HUANG Qian  LING Yan  CHEN Yu-chong  XIAO Guo-ying  HUANG Suo-sheng  WU Bi-qiu  HUANG Feng-kuan  CAI Jian-he  LONG Li-ping 《农业科学学报》2015,14(10):2019-2026

To safely and sustainably utilize genetic breeding techniques for crop production, greater understanding of the potential effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on the ecological functions of predators is required. In the laboratory, we examined the functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter to eggs of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), which were reared on GMHT rice Bar68-1; the untransformed parental cultivar, D68; or a BPH-susceptive rice variety, Taichung Native 1. All stages of nymphs and female adult of C. lividipennis, either on GMHT rice or control plants, exhibited typical type II functional responses when fed on BPH eggs; the attacking rate and handling time of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice Bar68-1 was not significantly different from that on D68. The numerical responses of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice or controls fit Beddington’s model; there were no significant differences in the parameters of numerical responses between GMHT rice Bar68-1 and D68. The results indicated that the functional and numerical responses of C. lividipennis to BPH eggs are not affected by GMHT rice Bar68-1.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term full straw return on yield and potassium response in wheat-maize rotation     

BAI You-lu  WANG Lei  LU Yan-li  YANG Li-ping  ZHOU Li-ping  NI Lu  CHENG Ming-fang 《农业科学学报》2015,14(12):2467-2476

The effect of long-term straw return on crop yield, soil potassium(K) content, soil organic matter, and crop response to K from both straw and chemical K fertilizer(K_2SO_4) were investigated in a fixed site field experiment for winter wheat-summer maize rotation in 6 years for 12 seasons. The field experiment was located in northern part of North China Plain with a sandy soil in relatively low yield potential. Two factors, straw return and chemical K fertilizer, were studied with two levels in each factor. Field split design was employed, with two straw treatments, full straw return of previous crop(St) and no straw return, in main plots, and two chemical K fertilizer treatments, 0 and 60 kg K2 O ha~(–1), as sub-plots. The results showed that straw return significantly increased yields of winter wheat and summer maize by 16.5 and 13.2% in average, respectively, and the positive effect of straw return to crop yield showed more effective in lower yield season. Straw return significantly increased K absorption by the crops, with significant increase in straw part. In treatment with straw return, the K content in crop straw increased by 15.9 and 21.8% in wheat and maize, respectively, compared with no straw return treatment. But, straw return had little effect on K content in grain of the crops. Straw return had significant influences on total K uptake by wheat and maize plants, with an increase of 32.7 and 30.9%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between crop yield and K uptake by the plant. To produce 100 kg grain, the wheat and maize plants absorbed 3.26 and 2.24 kg K2 O, respectively. The contents of soil available K and soil organic matter were significantly affected by the straw return with an increase of 6.07 and 23.0%, respectively, compared to no straw return treatment. K_2SO_4 application in rate of 60 kg K2 O ha~(–1) showed no significant effect on wheat and maize yield, K content in crop straw, total K uptake by the crops, soil available K content, and soil organic matter. The apparent K utilization rate(percentage of applied K absorbed by the crop in the season) showed difference for wheat and maize with different K sources. In wheat season, the K utilization rate from K_2SO_4 was higher than that from straw, while in maize season, the K utilization rate from straw was higher than that from chemical fertilizer. In the whole wheat-maize rotation system, the K absorption efficiency by the two crops from straw was higher than that from K_2SO_4.  相似文献   

日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹莉萍  臧长江  徐向君  李海英 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(4):896-902

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力的影响.选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹,随机分为3组:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平氨基酸.试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验马匹血液.结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后0 min心率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),赛后20 min心率、赛后5 min呼吸频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中GSH-Px、T-SOD活力及GLU浓度分别比对照组高34.41%(P>0.05)、37.02%(P<0.01)、37.41%(P<0.01)和32.06%(P>0.05)、35.46%(P<0.01)、26.98%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中MDA、LA浓度分别比对照组低38.46%(P<0.05)、17.56%(P<0.05)和38.26%(P<0.05)、13.04%(P>0.05).饲料中添加氨基酸,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理机能的快速恢复;可提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,相比而言,添加0.25%赖氨酸的效果较好.  相似文献