夏玉米产量时空变化及气候年型分析     

董宛麟  程路  孙志刚  张立祯  胡琦  李仕冀  何奇瑾  潘学标 《玉米科学》2020,28(5):110-118

定量分析夏玉米同一品种产量及产量构成要素时空变化,探讨造成产量时空差异的气候年型组合变化特征。基于2004～2013年夏玉米种植区郑单958多点田间试验数据分析表明,夏玉米区域平均产量为9 055 kg/hm~2,年际差为1 635 kg/hm~2,变幅为18.1%;地点差4 258 kg/hm~2,变幅为47.1%。夏玉米区域平均千粒重为313 g,年际变幅为13.1%;地点变幅为27.8%。夏玉米区域平均穗粒数为479,年际变幅为18.0%,地点变幅为38.7%。千粒重的增加导致夏玉米产量显著增加。穗粒数显著降低和时空差异大是造成产量波动和时空差异变幅大的主要原因。夏玉米产量和产量构成要素,低产点受各气候要素变化的影响显著;平产点受温度和日最高温度大于33℃的天数影响显著;高产点受降水影响显著。  相似文献   

玉米脱粒破碎率关键影响因子及其最优预测模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜春雨  李银昌  杨锦忠  朱如华  丁山  宋朝玉  王圣健 《玉米科学》2020,28(3):142-147

子粒破碎率高是当前中国玉米机械收获子粒的重要限制因素,解析破碎率变化原因,建立其简便预测模型是需要解决的重要问题。本文采集7个玉米品种在3个种植密度下组合的果穗,在不同子粒含水率梯度条件下开展单穗脱粒试验。种植密度在6万～9万株/hm2范围内对子粒破碎率没有影响,品种、子粒的含水率、抗侧压碎力和穿刺强度等的影响均达到统计显著水平。品种对破碎率变化的偏贡献率为12.7%,且品种的偏贡献率子粒含水率的偏贡献率抗侧压碎力的偏贡献率穿刺强度的偏贡献率,种植密度的偏贡献率接近于零。破碎率的最优预测因子是穿刺强度,预测模型:破碎率=10.25×0.990穿刺强度,满足破碎率不高于5%约束的穿刺强度值不得低于60 MPa。研究结果可为玉米破碎率预测、宜机收玉米新品种培育与鉴定、脱粒机具设计与制造提供数据支撑和技术参考。  相似文献   

ROCK promotes high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhi-biting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway     

BAI Xue  YU Hui  ZHU Ju-ru  HAN Zhong-li  YANG Xiao-min 《园艺学报》2020,36(5):788-795

AIMTo investigate whether Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis of primary cardiomyocytes by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODSPrimary Wistar rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and identified by α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) immunohistochemistry. Cardiomyocytes were treated with 5.5, 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the mRNA expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. The protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. In order to confirm the regulatory effect of ROCKs on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group (33 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose+Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) group. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt. RESULTSAfter 48 h of high glucose exposure, the values of relative cell viability in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were (79.71±2.43)% and (68.41±7.49)%, respectively, both of which were significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). After 48 h of high glucose exposure, the relative mRNA levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the apoptotic rate in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the protein expression of ROCK1, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed, while the protein level of p-Akt in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 was decreased in high glucose+Y27632 group. No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed. Compared with normal control group, the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose group was decreased, and the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose+Y27632 group was increased significantly compared with high glucose group. CONCLUSION Under high glucose environment, ROCK may reduce the level of p-Akt by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus promoting the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.  相似文献   

Effects of calpain-2 and autophagy-related protein 5 on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress     

CHEN Yu-si  HAN Bing  ZHENG Lu  CAI Shuang  TANG Lei  YANG Yi  GUO Yi-xin  LIANG Cai  ZHAO Jin-you  YANG Ting  YANG Qin  XIE Ru-jia 《园艺学报》2020,36(5):847-853

AIMTo investigate the effects of calpain-2 and autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5) on apoptosis of BRL-3A rat normal liver cells during endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by dithiothreitol (DTT). METH?ODS: BRL-3A cells were treated with DTT at 2.0 mmol/L for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h to induce ERS. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) was used to measure the effect of DTT on BRL-3A cell proliferation. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of calpain-2 and Atg5 was detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of calpain-2, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) were determined by Western blot. The interaction between calpain-2 and Atg5 was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). RESULTSThe proliferation of BRL-3A cells treated with DTT was significantly inhibited. The apoptosis of BRL-3A cells was significantly increased after DTT treatment for 6, 12 and 24 h as compared with 0 h group (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in G₁ phase after DTT treatment (P<0.05). After DTT treatment for 6, 12 and 24 h, the mRNA expression of calpain-2 and Atg5 in the BRL-3A cells was significantly increased as compared with 0 h group (P<0.05). The protein levels of calpain-2, Atg12 and Atg7 in the cells treated with DTT for 6, 12 and 24 h were significantly higher than those in 0 h group, and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was also significantly higher than that in 0 h group, while Atg5 expression was significantly lower than that in 0 h group (P<0.05). The results of Co-IP found that the anti-calpain-2 antibody precipitated Atg5 protein from the cell lysates, and the anti-Atg5 antibody also precipitated calpain-2 from the cell lysates, which confirmed the interaction between calpain-2 and Atg5. CONCLUSION Calpain-2 may participate in ERS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by interacting with Atg5.  相似文献   

Effect of blueberry on expression of KLF11 in rats with liver fibrosis     

HONG Zhu  YANG Fang  YANG Qin  YAN Zhi-qiang  LIU Ze-ying  LIU Li-rong 《园艺学报》2020,36(2):360-365

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卷丹转基因体系构建及岷江百合LrCCoAOMT的导入     

符勇耀  刘建玲  朱艺勇  徐文姬  雷美艳  杨利平 《园艺学报》2020,47(7):1345-1358

以卷丹（Lilium lancifolium Thunb.）无菌小鳞片为试材,通过切片处理、优化农杆菌侵染浓度与时间以及重悬液和共培养基成分,构建农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系。结果表明,MS + 1.5 mg ? L-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg ? L-1 NAA + 30 g ? L-1蔗糖是切片芽分化的最佳培养基,添加100 mg ? L-1抗坏血酸能有效抑制褐化并促进不定芽增殖。MS + 2.0 mg ? L-1 NAA + 30 g ? L-1蔗糖是生根诱导的最佳培养基。抗生素敏感性测试发现,培养基中添加Kan 100 mg ? L-1或Hyg 75 mg ? L-1 结合Cef 400 mg ? L-1适宜抗性筛选。GUS染色分析表明,以去除大量元素的改良MS + 100 μmol ? L-1 AS和去除大量元素的改良MS + 1.0 mg ? L-1 6-BA + 1.0 mg ? L-1 NAA + 100 μmol ? L-1 AS为重悬液和共培养基,将切片在农杆菌菌液浓度OD600为0.4,侵染15 min,获得81.72% 瞬时转化率和25.2% 稳定遗传转化率。将岷江百合LrCCoAOMT转化卷丹,分子检测和GUS染色分析表明已获得转基因阳性株系。  相似文献   

枸杞Lb_PPR1的克隆及其在不同育性品种中的表达分析     

管翠萍  杨亚珺  石晶 《园艺学报》2020,47(8):1521-1529

三角状五肽重复（Pentatricopeptide repeats,PPR）蛋白定位于多种细胞器中,参与细胞核和细胞器中特异单链RNA的转录后修饰和编辑,在植物生长发育的多个阶段均发挥着重要的作用。分别从枸杞（Lycium barbarum）雄性可育系‘宁杞1号’和不育系‘宁杞5号’中克隆了Lb_PPR1基因,并对其编码蛋白质进行理化性质、亚细胞定位、保守结构域、蛋白结构以及系统进化等方面进行预测分析。结果显示,‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞5号’中Lb_PPR1基因的开放阅读框均为1 977 bp,编码658个氨基酸,但其中存在20个碱基和14个氨基酸的差异。Lb_PPR1蛋白包含14个串联重复的PPR保守基序,属于PLS家族,该蛋白定位在细胞膜和细胞质。二级、三级结构预测显示该蛋白以α螺旋为主。同源进化分析得出Lb_PPR1蛋白与同属茄科的辣椒和烟草PPR蛋白亲缘关系最近。利用实时荧光定量PCR检测Lb_PPR1在枸杞不同组织器官及不同发育阶段花药中的表达特性。结果显示,Lb_PPR1在枸杞不同组织中均有表达,但在可育系花蕾中表达量最高,不育系‘宁杞5号’各组织中表达量均显著低于可育系‘宁杞1号’。以上结果表明,Lb_PPR1基因可能与枸杞花药发育有关。  相似文献   

四川地区猕猴桃病毒1的RT-PCR检测及外壳蛋白基因序列分析     

彭期定  吕蕊  杨婷  林宏辉  席德慧 《园艺学报》2020,47(1):120-126

为了明确近期新西兰报道的侵染猕猴桃的新病毒——猕猴桃病毒1（Actinidia virus 1,AcV-1）在四川地区猕猴桃上的发生情况及其分子特性,采用RT-PCR对来自四川6个地区疑似感染病毒的90份猕猴桃主栽品种‘红阳’和‘金果’的叶片样品进行检测。结果表明,22份样品为AcV-1阳性,检出率为24.4%。将获得的5个AcV-1分离物和已报道的新西兰分离物K75的外壳蛋白（coat protein,CP）基因序列进行比对,结果表明,分离物间核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的相似性分别为84.8% ~ 97.1%和89.7% ~ 99.6%,其中除邛崃分离物HYH5与新西兰分离物K75的核苷酸序列相似性较高（97.1%）外,其余4个分离物均低于91%。系统进化分析结果显示,这些分离物主要聚集在3个分支上,分离物HYH5与新西兰分离物K75位于同一分支,其余分离物位于另外2个分支。  相似文献   

番茄/茄子嫁接对其根际土壤生物学性状及细菌群落结构的影响     

庞师婵 郭 霜任奎瑜  王帅帅杨尚东 《园艺学报》2020,47(2):253-263

以茄子作为砧木,番茄为接穗进行嫁接,并以番茄自根植株和茄子自根植株作为对照,基于传统及现代高通量测序技术分析根际土壤的生物学性状及细菌群落结构特征,旨在揭示嫁接植株抗性增强的机制。结果表明：番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌数量,微生物生物量、酶活性和细菌丰富度、多样性指数均显著高于茄子和番茄自根植株;另一方面,norank_c_Acidobacteria、硝化螺菌属（Nitrospira）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae、norank_o_Gaiellales、norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae、norank_o_SC-I-84、norank_f_Anaerolineaceae、norank_f_Nitrosomonadaceae、鞘脂单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）细菌是嫁接植株与茄子、番茄自根植株根际土壤中的共有优势细菌属;g_unclassified_o_Ignavibacteriales 、 醋酸杆菌属（ g_Acetobacter ）、g_norank_f_Longimicrobiaceae 、g_unclassified_f_Verrucomicrobiaceae、g_norank_p_FBP、g_norank_p_Aminicenantes 属细菌是嫁接植株根际土壤的特有优势细菌属。与自根植株相比,番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤存在更高可培养微生物数量,微生物生物量和相关酶活性,具有更高的土壤养分有效性,同时拥有不同占比的共有优势细菌门属,尤其拥有更为丰富的微生物可操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units,OTU）和特有 OTU 数量,这是嫁接植株抗性增强的主要原因。  相似文献   

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除葡萄中VviEDR2提高对白粉病的抗性     

杨禄山  郭晔  胡洋  文颖强 《园艺学报》2020,47(4):623-634

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定点编辑葡萄白粉病感病基因VviEDR2（Enhanced disease resistance 2）,在VviEDR2的DUF1336结构域设计靶位点VviEDR2-T1,构建CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化‘无核白’葡萄胚性愈伤组织。对PCR阳性植株进行靶位点扩增测序,结果表明,共有8个转基因植株在靶位点处发生不同类型的双等位基因突变,编辑效率为32%;突变体植株生长势较弱,叶片较小,茎秆丛生、细弱。进一步对突变体植株进行抗病检测,结果表明,接种葡萄白粉菌（Erysiphe necator Schw.）5 d后,突变体植株叶片上白粉菌孢子仅能萌发出少量较短初级菌丝,表皮细胞产生大量明显的H2O2,而野生型叶片中白粉菌萌发出大量初级菌丝、次级菌丝和吸器,无明显H2O2产生。这些结果表明,可以利用CRISPR/Cas9技术编辑葡萄感病基因VviEDR2,提高葡萄白粉菌抗性。  相似文献