The effect of temperature on the energy budget of the Manila clam, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis>     

Kyung Nam Han  Soon Woo Lee  Soon Young Wang 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(2):143-152

In this study, the energy budget of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, was evaluated after one-week acclimation periods at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. Small clams (151 ± 12 mg DW) and large clams (353 ± 16 mg DW) were fed with the microalgae, Isochrysis galbana. Filtration rate, ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency, oxygen-consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate were measured. Both filtration rate and ingestion rate of small and large clams were found to be related to temperature. The highest Q ₁₀ values were measured in the range 15–20°C for both small and large clams. Assimilation efficiency of both small and large clams was not significantly influenced by temperature, although the maximum mean values were detected at 20°C. Oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of small and large clams were found to be related directly to temperature over the entire range, with a maximum being detected at 25°C. The highest Q ₁₀ value was estimated in the range 10–15°C with regard to oxygen consumption rate, and in the range of 15–20°C with regard to ammonia excretion rate. Scope for growth (SFG) was positive at all temperatures, achieving a maximum value at 20°C in both small and large clams, primarily as a consequence of the enhanced ingestion rate which offset the concomitant elevation in the metabolic rate. In this study we have estimated the thermal optimum for this species at 20°C.  相似文献   

Sun injury to cut potato seed     

W. C. Edmundson  C. F. Clark  C. H. Metzger  J. C. Miller  Wm Stuart  L. C. Young 《American Journal of Potato Research》1939,16(4):98-104

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The characteristics of European,Mediterranean and other populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)     

W. Ellis  Norman R. Young 《Euphytica》1967,16(3):330-340

Indigenous populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L) collected from Europe, the Mediterranean area, as well as other parts of the world have been grown as spaced plants at Aberystwyth. Data were collected on various morphological characters, green weight and leaf marks.Leaflet length, width, area, plant height and green weight were all strongly correlated, but not the flowering date or leaflet shape (= ratio length/width).The mean leaflet size of Mediterranean populations (the supposed centre of origin) was very variable, and decreased northwards. All British populations were uniformly small leaved.Most of the populations were much less vigorous than the bred control varieties and only a few equalled them. Nevertheless some of the introductions exhibited seasonal growth patterns, especially growth into the autumn, and large leaves that could be usefully incorporated in improved varieties. Populations originating one step back towards the centre of origin will probably be the most useful when immediate adaptation is the aim.  相似文献   

The chemistry of solid wood     

Raymond A. Young 《Wood Science and Technology》1985,19(1):17-18

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Slow viscous flow and the organization of the cell wall in conifer tracheids     

Owen A. Young  Murray J. Service 《Wood Science and Technology》1971,5(1):1-5

Summary In view of the known orientation of microfibrils about pits in conifer tracheids a model is presented which is consistent with the assumption that this pattern derives from the slow viscous flow of a fluid about a cylindrical obstacle.At present at the Botany Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, AustraliaThe authors wish to thank Dr. W. B. Thompson and Professor A. B. Wardrop for their constructive criticism.  相似文献   

Impact of Buckwheat Flavonoids on In Vitro Starch Digestibility and Noodle‐Making Properties     

In Young Bae  Ah Sah Choi  Hyeon Gyu Lee 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(3):299-305

The effects of various buckwheat materials (buckwheat flour [BF], dietary fiber extract [DE], flavonoids extract [FE], and rutin‐enhanced flavonoids extract [REFE]) on starch digestibility and noodle‐making properties were evaluated. When FE and REFE were incorporated into noodles, the amount of rapidly digestible starch and the predicted glycemic index (pGI) were reduced. However, BF and DE did not significantly decrease the pGI value of noodles. When assessing noodle properties, hardness was increased with increasing content of buckwheat materials, whereas other texture parameters were not significantly affected by buckwheat addition. All noodles were similar in regard to water absorption and swelling index, but cooking loss was slightly increased in FE and REFE noodles. FE and REFE demonstrated higher flavonoid stability during noodle making and, additionally, were more effective at reducing starch digestibility than BF and DE. REFE, specifically, does not generate quercetin (the cause of a bitter taste), and, therefore, REFE was effective in suppressing the hydrolysis of starch in the noodles, lowering the pGI.  相似文献   

New approaches to wood bonding A base-activated lignin adhesive system     

R. A. Young  M. Fujita  B. H. River 《Wood Science and Technology》1985,19(4):363-381

Current knowledge of wood surface characteristics and surface modification are briefly reviewed and the postulated effects of chemical activation are summarized. It was found that aqueous sodium hydroxide can effectively activate wood surfaces to give strong dry autohesive bonds, but only low wet strength was obtained. However, excellent dry and wet wood bond strengths, equivalent to phenol-formaldehyde bonded samples, were obtained when methylolated lignin was used in combination with 3N sodium hydroxide activation. Several mechanisms of base activation are suggested, including enhanced wood surface contact and reactivity.  相似文献   

A VALENTINE‐SHAPED CARDIAC SILHOUETTE IN FELINE THORACIC RADIOGRAPHS IS PRIMARILY DUE TO LEFT ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT          下载免费PDF全文

Trisha J. Oura  Aisha N. Young  Bruce W. Keene  Ian D. Robertson  Dennis E. Jennings  Donald E. Thrall 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(3):245-250

Conflicting information has been published regarding the cause of a valentine‐shaped cardiac silhouette in dorsoventral or ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs in cats. The purpose of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to test the hypothesis that the valentine shape is primarily due to left atrial enlargement. Images for cats with a radiographic valentine‐shaped cardiac silhouette and full echocardiography examination were retrieved and independently reviewed. A subjective scoring system was used to record severity of radiographic valentine shape. Subjective radiographic evidence of left atrial enlargement in a radiographic lateral projection and a final diagnosis based on medical records were also recorded. A total of 81 cats met inclusion criteria. There was a strong positive correlation (P < 0.001) between echocardiographic left atrial size and severity of radiographic valentine shape. There was no effect of echocardiographic right atrial size on the severity of valentine shape, except when concurrent with severe left atrial enlargement. In this situation, right atrial enlargement increased the likelihood of observing a severe valentine shape. There was no effect of right atrial enlargement on the shape of the cardiac silhouette when left atrial enlargement was absent or only mild to moderate. There was no correlation between the category of final diagnosis of cardiac disease and the severity of valentine shape. Findings from this study supported the hypothesis that a valentine‐shaped cardiac silhouette in radiographs is due primarily to left atrial enlargement in cats, with right atrial enlargement only impacting the shape if concurrent with severe left atrial enlargement.  相似文献   

Marked struvite crystalluria and its association with lower urinary tract signs in a cat with feline idiopathic cystitis          下载免费PDF全文

ET Bell  JP Lulich 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(9):332-335

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Vocalizations During Electroejaculation in Anaesthetized Adult and Young Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) Males          下载免费PDF全文

F Fumagalli  JP Damián  R Ungerfeld 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(2):321-326

The aim of this study was to characterize the vocalizations produced during electroejaculation under general anaesthesia in pampas deer males and to determine whether the characteristics of those vocalizations differ in adult and young pampas deer males. Electroejaculation was applied to 13 adults (AM) and 13 young (YM) males under general anaesthesia. Vocalizations were digitally recorded, and the number and duration of vocalizations, the latency in relation to each voltage, the total time vocalizing, and the structure of the fundamental frequency (F₀) [initial frequency (F_start), maximal frequency (F_max), minimal frequency (F_min) and final frequency (F_end)] were analysed. No male vocalized with 0 V; the number of animals that vocalized increased at 2 and 3 V and increased again at 4, 5 and 6 V (p < 0.05). The latency time from the beginning of each series (each voltage) decreased until 4 V (p < 0.01). The number of vocalizations/voltage increased from 4 V (p < 0.05). The length of each vocalization and the total time during which animals vocalized were greater in YM than AM (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Similarly, the fundamental frequencies were higher in YM than AM (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, we concluded that the vocalizations emitted during electroejaculation in pampas deer under general anaesthesia are related to the voltage applied during the process. Young males vocalize more time, probably due to a greater sensibility to the electric stimulation. The differences in the characteristics of the vocalizations between adult and young males may be related to the anatomic differences in the neck of adult or young males.  相似文献