氮素穗肥运筹对两个杂交中籼稻叶片形态、光合生产及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

秦俭  杨志远孙永健徐徽吕腾飞代邹郑家奎蒋开锋马均 《中国水稻科学》2017,31(4):391-399

【目的】为探究氮素穗肥不同促花肥和保花肥比例对水稻光合生产和产量的影响,并为水稻氮素穗肥管理提供依据,【方法】以株型和产量均存在较大差异的2个杂交中稻品种(德香4103和宜香3724)为材料,在常规施氮量(180 kg/hm2)下,研究了占总氮40%的穗肥不同促花肥和保花肥运筹比例(1∶3,2∶2,3∶1,4∶0)对水稻叶片生长、形态、光合生产及产量的影响。【结果】2个水稻品种均在低促花肥、高保花肥时(1∶3)表现出叶片直立、受光形态好,净光合速率高和群体干物质积累量大的特点,并最终获得较高产量;而在高促花肥、低保花肥下,2个水稻品种的剑叶、倒2叶叶面积和叶角增大,披垂度增加,群体质量变差,结实率和粒重下降,产量降低。德香4103因其颖花量较大,上3叶叶面积和总叶面积相对适宜,粒叶比高,且在不同穗肥运筹下叶面积和叶角变幅较小,因而受光姿态和群体质量更优,干物质积累量更大,产量更高。【结论】水稻氮素穗肥运筹应塑造良好叶片形态和群体质量,并增加花后物质积累量才能有助于产量提高;并对水稻株叶型选育进行了探讨。  相似文献   

产粮大省玉米秸秆综合利用的困局与对策研究     

梁武  聂英 《玉米科学》2017,25(4):105-110

农作物秸秆作为"另一半农业",是一种重要的可供开发和综合利用的生物质资源。以吉林省2005~2014年间玉米产量为基础,测算出吉林省玉米秸秆理论资源量和可收集量,对该地区玉米秸秆综合利用途径现状和障碍因素进行简要评价。促使玉米秸秆综合利用得到更好的发展应该重视宣传引导,努力转变农民对秸秆综合利用的认识;加大政府财政支持力度,优化机制;建立秸秆技术研发体系,促进产业发展,以项目带动产业发展规模化;搞好示范推广作用,积极挖掘秸秆文化产业等。  相似文献   

利用SSR标记划分广西骨干玉米自交系的杂种优势群   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杜青  郑加兴  吕巨智  文仁来  曾艳华  杨耀炯  王治红  张述宽  唐照磊  李石初  程伟东 《玉米科学》2017,25(6):21-27

利用SSR标记对广西骨干玉米自交系进行遗传多样性分析和杂种优势类群划分,60对标准引物在33份供试材料中共检测出233个等位基因,平均多态性信息量为0.77,自交系间平均遗传相似系数为0.49。研究结果表明,这些自交系来源广泛,且具有较好的遗传基础。按照UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,可以将33份玉米自交系分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两个类群,Ⅰ类群可进一步划分为4个亚群。杂种优势模式可被简化为"A×B"模式,A群包括Ⅰ-Ⅰ亚群、Ⅰ-Ⅱ亚群和Ⅰ-Ⅲ亚群自交系,B群包括Ⅰ-Ⅳ亚群和第Ⅱ类群自交系。  相似文献   

赣中北“油稻稻”三熟制下头季稻叶片衰老频度对再生稻再生力的影响     

李亚贞  郑伟  肖国滨  肖小军  黄天宝  吴艳  吕伟生  刘小三  陈明  赖诗盛  叶川 《中国稻米》2017,(4):50-55

为研究三熟制条件下适合种植的再生稻品种及头季叶片衰老频度对再生力特性的影响,在大田试验条件下,以10个杂交水稻品种为材料,比较分析了这些品种的再生力、再生季产量及头季衰老强度等若干性状。结果表明,头季不同品种结实率与再生季再生力呈正相关关系,相关系数为0.620,头季千粒重、叶干质量下降率、叶绿素含量下降率、产量与再生季再生力呈负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.522、-0.516、-0.637、-0.676。再生季有效穗数与再生力呈显著正相关关系,与活芽率呈负相关,相关系数分别为0.757和-0.615。头季结实率、叶片叶绿素含量、产量,以及再生季有效穗数和千粒重是影响再生力的重要因素。综合两季产量和再生力特性来看,深两优5814、C两优608、准两优608、丰两优香1号等4个品种可以作为再生稻在江西中北部的三熟制条件下种植。  相似文献   

不同灌溉模式下小麦荧光特征及品种抗旱性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曹彩云  党红凯  郑春莲  李科江  马俊永 《麦类作物学报》2017,(11):1434-1444

为探讨低平原区节水灌溉模式和筛选高产节水品种,在2014-2015和2015-2016两个小麦生长季,采用裂区试验,以5个灌溉模式(春季灌溉0、1、2、3和4水,分别用W_0～W_4表示)作为主处理,以3个当地主推冬小麦品种(衡观35、石4185和衡4399)作为副处理,研究了不同灌溉模式对小麦产量、叶绿素荧光特征参数、水分利用效率等的影响及荧光特征与品种抗旱性的关系。结果表明,随灌溉量和灌溉次数的增加,小麦产量非线性增加,但不同年份表现有所不同,2014-2015年以W_2处理产量最高,2015-2016年以W_4处理产量最高;灌溉提高了PSⅡ的潜在活性F_v/F_o和原初光能转化效率F_v/F_m,但F_o却降低。不同品种对灌水的反应特性不同,且存在年际间差异,两年平均产量以衡4399最高,石4185最低;随灌溉量的增加,衡4399和衡观35产量变化幅度较小,而石4185的产量变化幅度相对较大。从荧光特征参数看,石4185受水分胁迫的影响大,在灌浆后期,其不灌溉处理(W_0)的荧光参数F_o相对于灌溉处理的增加幅度高于衡4399和衡观35,但F_m、F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o在不灌溉情况下的降低幅度也相对较大,说明石4185的抗旱性差。从水分利用效率看,以W_2处理较好。因此在本试验条件下,衡4399和衡观35的增产潜力大,抗旱性好,春季灌2水可达到节水高产和水分利用效率提高的目的。  相似文献   

夜间补光对小麦叶片激素含量及光合特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冉午玲  郭家萌  马野  毛俊  韩心培  郑博元  李东亮  邵瑞鑫  杨青华 《麦类作物学报》2017,(9):1181-1186

为探究夜间补光对小麦生育后期的调控作用,以冬小麦品种豫农186为材料,以自然光照时间为对照,在小麦抽穗后设置夜间人工补光2h、4h和6h三个处理,研究补光时间对小麦叶片内源激素含量、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,夜间补光可增加小麦叶面积及旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率,以补光6h的效果最显著。与自然对照相比,夜间补光显著增加旗叶GA3、IAA、ZR含量,且激素含量的升高幅度随补光时间的延长而增加,但ABA含量受影响较小。夜间补光能显著提高灌浆前期和中期籽粒灌浆速率及千粒重和产量,其中补光6h处理的最大灌浆速率比自然对照增大16.21%,产量提高14.07%。说明小麦抽穗后适当延长光照时间有利于叶片的生长发育,可提高激素含量和光合效率,促进籽粒灌浆,增加产量。  相似文献   

Preparation of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites via <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide for biomedical applications     

Jie Zhao  Youwei Hao  Liqin Cao  Jide Wang  Wei Wang  Xiujuan Wu 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(5):868-874

Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites were synthesized through a new route involving nano-sized HAP (nHAP) particles or modified nHAP mixed with monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate via in situ polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed phosphate peak increased with nHAP content in composite. X-ray diffraction patterns of PHEMA/nHAP revealed the presence of crystallized nHAP. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the ultimate nHAP content in PHEMA/nHAP composites is consistent with its initial amount. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanocomposite particles are much smaller than PHEMA particles. PHEMA/nHAP composites with average diameter of approximately 600 nm were obtained in scCO₂ with 94 % yield. Mechanical properties of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites were better than those of PHEMA, and compressive modulus and strength of composites with 30 wt.% nHAP were 193 and 29 MPa, respectively. Nanocomposite adsorption toward bovine serum albumin was evaluated, and results indicated that analyte adsorption amount can reach up to 282 mg/g.  相似文献   

Combining multi-source data to explore a mechanism for the effects of micrometeorological elements on nutrient variations in paddy land water     

Hezhen Lou  Shengtian Yang  Changsen Zhao  Zhiwei Wang  Xiaolin Liu  Liuhua Shi  Linna Wu  Fanghua Hao  Mingyong Cai 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):513-524

Paddy land plays a key role in global crop production. Thus, paddy land water is a potential source of nitrogen and phosphorus; both nutrients largely contribute to non-point source pollution because they usually vary closely with micrometeorological elements (MEs) during the growth period. However, few studies have focused on the mechanism of co-variation between nutrients and MEs at the field scale. The relationships between nutrients in the paddy land water and MEs as well as soil water content, soil temperature, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are still unclear. In this paper, an in situ experiment was designed to obtain 5 years of meteorological data and nutrient data (nitrogen and phosphorus); the size of the experiment plot is in accordance with the spatial resolution of NDVI data. Multi-source meteorological and satellite data were integrated to explore the mechanism of co-variation. The results show that precipitation, air temperature, and solar radiation are the three MEs significantly affecting the nitrogen concentration in the paddy land water during the growth period. The air temperature is the most important ME influencing the phosphorus concentration. At the same time, the NDVI, as an effective indicator of the photosynthetic potential of rice used to explore the relationship between nutrients, has a prominent influence on soluble nutrients, especially on dissolved phosphorus. These findings could significantly improve our understanding about the responses of paddy land nutrients during the growth period to the surrounding drivers, inclusive of MEs, soil water, soil temperature, and NDVI. Undoubtedly, it is a potentially helpful means to monitor the sources of non-point pollution.  相似文献   

Pervasive interactions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sb</Emphasis> loci cause high pollen sterility and abrupt changes in gene expression during meiosis that could be overcome by double neutral genes in autotetraploid rice     

Jinwen Wu  Lin Chen  Muhammad Qasim Shahid  Minyi Chen  Qinglei Dong  Jirui Li  Xiaosong Xu  Xiangdong Liu 《Rice》2017,10(1):49

  相似文献   

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes          下载免费PDF全文

Zhengong Yin  Huidong Qi  Qingshan Chen  Zhanguo Zhang  Hongwei Jiang  Rongsheng Zhu  Zhenbang Hu  Xiaoxia Wu  Candong Li  Yong Zhang  Chunyan Liu  Guohua Hu  Dawei Xin  Zhaoming Qi 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(5):688-698

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.  相似文献