输变电工程水土保持在线监测系统关键技术研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙强  雷磊  邹斌  卫娟娟  杨彤 《水土保持通报》2018,38(2):241-245

[目的]研发一套集数据采集、存储、分析等功能的输变电工程水土保持在线监测系统,以提高水土保持监测工作质量和效率。[方法]以影响水土流失的气象因子(包含雨量、温度、湿度、风速、风向等)与土壤含水量作为研究对象,选择符合技术要求的传感器,将传统的水土保持监测设备与最新测试技术、计算机技术和通信技术相结合,初步集成研发了水土保持在线监测系统关键技术。[结果]经现场试运行验证,系统关键技术测试数据误差率小于5%,精确度和可靠性较高。系统运行状态稳定,软件用户界面操作简单且功能完善,采集和处理数据具有直观、准确、实时的优点。[结论]研制的输变电工程水土保持在线监测系统关键技术具有良好的稳定性和精确度,满足技术要求,可应用于输变电工程水土流失监测实践工作中。  相似文献   

不同品种硫肥对苋菜镉累积的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邹茸  王秀斌  迟克宇  霍文敏  王丽  范洪黎 《农业环境科学学报》2018,37(10):2135-2141

为选择适宜种类的硫肥来辅助苋菜修复土壤Cd污染,采用盆栽试验,以苋菜(Amaranshus mangostanus L.)为供试作物,在两种酸性土壤(黄棕壤、赤红壤)上施用硫磺、硫酸钙、硫酸铵三种不同硫肥,探究不同特性硫肥对酸性土壤上苋菜生长及其对硫和Cd的吸收以及累积的影响。结果显示,两种酸性土壤中施用硫肥均促进了苋菜植株对硫的吸收,且减轻了Cd对植株的毒害作用,苋菜的生物量显著提高。此外,三种不同特性硫肥施入两种Cd污染的土壤,苋菜地上和地下部Cd含量均显著增加。两种酸性土壤施用不同硫肥后,苋菜硫和Cd累积量增加,其中以施加硫酸铵效果最佳;黄棕壤和赤红壤中苋菜地上部Cd累积量分别比对照高1.45倍和2.39倍;施加硫磺后苋菜根部Cd累积量最少。硫酸铵作为含氮硫肥在黄棕壤和赤红壤上施用,可有效辅助苋菜修复土壤Cd污染。  相似文献   

广西巴马小型猪SP1基因克隆测序及其真核表达载体的构建          下载免费PDF全文

张广杰  崔悦悦  邱庆庆  夏琴  李龙  司景磊  夏攀杰  邹辉  兰干球 《南方农业学报》2018,49(2):360-366

[目的]克隆广西巴马小型猪特异性蛋白1(SP1)基因,并构建其真核表达载体,为揭示其对猪生长发育的调控机理打下基础.[方法]利用RT-PCR从广西巴马小型猪背最长肌组织中扩增SP1基因,采用DNASTAR、TMHMM等分别进行基因生物信息学分析;以pEGFP-N1质粒构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-SP1并转染293T细胞,于转染48 h后在倒置荧光显微镜下观察并拍照.[结果]克隆获得的广西巴马小型猪SP1基因与GenBank中野猪(Sus scrofa)的参考序列(XM_005652569.3)一致,未发现碱基突变位点;其编码序列(CDS)全长2340 bp,编码779个氨基酸.广西巴马小型猪SP1蛋白不存在跨膜结构,也不存在信号肽,不属于分泌型蛋白;其二级结构中α-螺旋占17.84%,延伸链占21.31%,β-转角占9.76%,无规则卷曲占51.09%.构建的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-SP1能成功转染至293T细胞中并表达出绿色荧光蛋白.[结论]广西巴马小型猪SP1基因CDS序列编码蛋白主要参与细胞内活动,而非外分泌型蛋白,以SP1基因构建的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-SP1能转染293T细胞并成功表达,可直接用于后期SP1基因功能探索及干扰表达等研究.  相似文献   

云南地区猪毕氏微孢子虫的分子检测及其基因型鉴定          下载免费PDF全文

石莲琴  翟国莲  吴杰  李朝  赵国洪  邹丰才 《南方农业学报》2018,49(8):1654-1659

[目的]从寄生虫角度明确猪场发生猪腹泻的主要病原体,为防控云南规模化猪场毕氏微孢子虫感染提供理论依据.[方法]通过巢式PCR对云南玉溪和保山地区4个猪场的129份猪粪样本进行猪毕氏微孢子虫检测,扩增微孢子虫的ITS序列,经测序分析和构建系统发育进化树确定其基因型.[结果]129份猪粪样中有30份感染毕氏微孢子虫,感染率为23.26%;其中,云南保山地区的猪毕氏微孢子虫感染率为56.82%(25/44),玉溪地区的感染率为5.88%(5/85),二者差异极显著(P<0.01,下同).按不同发育阶段划分,发现以仔猪的毕氏微孢子虫感染率最高(76.92%),成年猪的感染率相对较低(11.39%),感染率在不同发育阶段间差异极显著.经测序分析发现共有6个基因型,包括5个已知基因型[CHC5(n=3)、CHG19(n=7)、EbpD(n=9)、EbpA(n=2)和EbpC(n=4)],1个新的基因型YNZ1(n=5);从基于微孢子虫ITS序列同源性构建的系统发育进化树可知,检测出的6种基因型均属于Group 1,即具有人兽共患的可能性.[结论]云南猪场普遍存在毕氏微孢子虫感染,且均属于具有人兽共患可能性的基因型.因此,要重点加强猪场微孢子虫的防控工作,养殖过程中产生的粪便等养殖污染物必须经过堆肥发酵或消毒处理后才能作为农家肥使用或排入污水中.  相似文献   

两性花毛葡萄野酿2号芽变株系Y137的鉴定及评价          下载免费PDF全文

赵明  何海旺  武鹏  龙芳  邹瑜  李贤高  潘永杰  林志诚  林茜  潘曦 《南方农业学报》2018,49(9):1691-1697

[目的]鉴定评价毛葡萄品种野酿2号的芽变株系Y137,为两性花毛葡萄优良新品种(系)提供亲本材料.[方法]对野酿2号芽变株系Y137进行形态学特征、生物学特性、果实品质特性等方面的观察及测定,以野酿2号为对照进行对比分析;并利用ISSR分子标记对芽变株系Y137进行遗传变异分析.[结果]芽变株系Y137在形态学特征、生物学特性、果实品质特性等方面与野酿2号存在明显差异:芽变株系Y137幼果为圆形,野酿2号幼果为椭圆形;芽变株系Y137成熟期比野酿2号提早7~10 d;芽变株系Y137可溶性总糖含量和糖酸比分别比野酿2号提高66.40%和90.64%,可溶性固形物含量比野酿2号提高15.5%.筛选出的9条引物共扩增出57条条带,多态性条带为7条,多态性比例为12.28%,遗传相似系数为0.8772,说明芽变株系Y137与野酿2号的基因组DNA存在差异,但遗传背景相似度较高.[结论]芽变株系Y137部分果实品质指标优于野酿2号,初步判定其为野酿2号的优良芽变,可作为毛葡萄新品种选育及品种改良的亲本材料.  相似文献   

浮筏养殖与底栖野生岩扇贝营养成分的分析与比较     

邹建威  王昊  肖逸啸  曹善茂  陈炜 《大连海洋大学学报》2018,(1):45-51

为研究浮筏养殖与底栖野生两种生长环境对岩扇贝Crassadoma gigantea或贝营养成分的影响,采用常规营养成分分析方法,对在两种不同条件下生长的岩扇贝筏养(壳长为11.89 cm±0.50 cm)、野生岩扇贝(壳长为15.24 cm±1.36 cm)闭壳肌及非闭壳肌软体部的一般营养成分、脂肪酸、氨基酸和矿物元素含量进行了测定和比较。结果表明:筏养岩扇贝个体的软体部比例(26.07%)显著高于野生个体(17.69%)(P0.05),但两者闭壳肌比例差异不大;筏养岩扇贝个体的闭壳肌和非闭壳肌软体部的粗脂肪含量(0.37%、3.70%)显著高于野生个体(0.20%、3.51%)(P0.05),在两种生长条件下,岩扇贝的水分、灰分、粗蛋白质含量间均无显著性差异(P0.05);筏养岩扇贝个体闭壳肌和非闭壳肌软体部脂肪酸中的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量(26.68%、17.01%)显著高于野生个体(18.09%、7.83%)(P0.05),而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量(18.52%、17.11%)显著低于野生个体(23.75%、23.93%)(P0.05),但筏养与野生岩扇贝的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)和EPA+DHA含量在相同组织间均无显著性差异(P0.05);野生岩扇贝的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)平均值(80.13)明显高于筏养岩扇贝(63.70),且野生个体非闭壳肌软体部的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸含量(EAA)、呈味氨基酸含量(DAA)均高于筏养个体,但野生与筏养个体闭壳肌中的TAA、EAA、DAA含量相差不大,筏养与野生岩扇贝的呈味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例(DAA/TAA)、必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例(EAA/TAA)也非常接近;筏养个体闭壳肌中Se和K的含量分别为野生个体的3倍和2倍,而Fe含量仅为野生个体的三分之一。研究表明,浮筏养殖与底栖野生岩扇贝除了少量指标外,营养成分基本一致。  相似文献   

Exogenous application of a low concentration of melatonin enhances salt tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings     

Liu ZENG  Jun-song CAI  Jing-jing LI  Guang-yuan LU  Chun-sheng LI  Gui-ping FU  Xue-kun ZHANG  Hai-qing MA  Qing-yun LIU  Xi-ling ZOU  Yong CHENG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(2):328-335

Melatonin is a naturally occurring compound in plants. Here, we tested the effect of exogenous melatonin on rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) grown under salt stress. Application of 30 μmol L~(–1) melatonin alleviated salt-induced growth inhibition, and the shoot fresh weight, the shoot dry weight, the root fresh weight, and the root dry weight of seedlings treated with exogenous melatonin increased by 128.2, 142.9, 122.2, and 124.2%, respectively, compared to those under salt stress. In addition, several physiological parameters were evaluated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) were enhanced by 16.5, 19.3, and 14.2% compared to their activities in plants without exogenous melatonin application under salt stress, while the H_2O_2 content was decreased by 11.2% by exogenous melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin treatment promoted solute accumulation by increasing the contents of proline(26.8%), soluble sugars(15.1%) and proteins(58.8%). The results also suggested that higher concentrations(50 μmol L~(–1)) of melatonin could attenuate or even prevent the beneficial effects on seedling development. In conclusion, application of a low concentration of exogenous melatonin to rapeseed plants under salt stress can improve the H_2O_2-scavenging capacity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, CAT and APX, and can also alleviate osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances such as soluble proteins, proline, and water soluble glucan. Ultimately, exogenous melatonin facilitates root development and improves the biomass of rapeseed seedlings grown under salt stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.  相似文献   

Why high grain yield can be achieved in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions?     

HUANG Min  SHAN Shuang-lü  XIE Xiao-bing  CAO Fang-bo  ZOU Ying-bin 《农业科学学报》2018,17(6):1299-1306

This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with high grain yield in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions. Field experiments were done in Yong'an Town, Hunan Province, China in 2015 and 2016. Two hybrid rice cultivars were grown under single seedling machine transplanting (SMT) and conventional machine transplanting (CMT) at a high planting density in each year. Grain yield and yield attributes were compared between SMT and CMT. Averaged across cultivars and years, grain yield was 12% higher under SMT than under CMT. Plant height, basal stem width, and shoot and root dry weights were higher in seedlings for SMT than those for CMT. SMT had less maximum tiller number per m² and consequently less panicle number per m² than did CMT. Branch number per panicle, especially the secondary branch number per panicle, and spikelet number per cm of panicle length were more under SMT than under CMT, which resulted in more spikelet number per panicle under SMT than under CMT. SMT had higher or equal spikelet filling percentage than did CMT. The difference in grain weight between SMT and CMT was relatively small and inconsistent cross years. SMT had higher or equal total biomass and harvest index than did CMT. Dry weight per stem under SMT was heavier than that under CMT. Larger leaf area per stem was partly responsible for the heavier dry weight per stem under SMT than under CMT. Our study suggests that improvement in seedling quality, panicle size, and dry weight per stem are critical to the high grain yield in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term green manure application on the content and structure of dissolved organic matter in red paddy soil     

Song-juan GAO  Ju-sheng GAO  Wei-dong CAO  Chun-qin ZOU  Jing HUANG  Jin-shun BAI  Fu-gen DOU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1852-1860

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: rice-rice-milk vetch (RRV), rice-rice-rape (RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass (RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow (RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil.  相似文献   

低能耗日光温室建筑空间形态特征参数的取值原则   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨枫光  陈超  马彩雯  李印  韩枫涛  李亚茹  邹平 《新疆农业科学》2018,55(3):535-547

【目的】建造低能耗日光温室,提高日光温室冬季反季节蔬菜作物生产太阳能被动利用率、降低温室供热需求。【方法】基于建筑热工设计理论和建筑能耗模拟,研究日光温室建筑空间形态特征参数对温室光热环境营造的影响规律,并结合日光温室建筑构造特点,以及反季节蔬菜作物生产过程的光热环境需求特点,给出低能耗日光温室建筑空间形态特征参数的设计条件。【结果】同一地区日光温室高跨比不受跨度变化的影响,只与当地室外空气温度以及太阳辐射强度的变化相关;大暑日至翌年小满日期间,后屋面水平投影长度不应影响日光温室后排蔬菜作物接收太阳光照;确保冬至日至大寒日期间北墙可接收太阳光照射,对冬季反季节蔬菜作物生产期及日光温室高效利用太阳能具有重要的影响。【结论】基于该取值原则优化设计的温室,较北京地区现行常见温室需要提供的累积补充供热量减少15.7%,节能效果明显,为低能耗日光温室优化设计提供重要设计依据和方法参考。  相似文献