Few differences found between early- and late-weaned pigs raised in the same environment     

Hohenshell LM  Cunnick JE  Ford SP  Kattesh HG  Zimmerman DR  Wilson ME  Matteri RL  Carroll JA  Lay DC 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(1):38-49

Segregation and medicated early weaning are technologies used to optimize the productivity and health of pigs, but these practices may also cause aberrant behaviors indicative of stress. Thus, differences in early- (=10 d of age) and late- (=30 d of age) weaned pigs were investigated. At weaning, pigs were housed in groups of four in 16 pens (eight pens per treatment) in the same facility, and, thus, they were not segregated. Body weights were recorded at birth, weaning, and at approximately 42, 65, 102, 137, and 165 d of age (at slaughter). One-minute, instantaneous scan samples during a 10-min period (at 0600, 1000, 1400, and 1800) were used to record the frequency of lying, standing, and sitting, total number of drinks, feeder investigations, and time spent playing/fighting on 2, 3, and 4 d after weaning. Five-minute, direct observations of each pig were conducted at approximately 40, 60, 80, and 150 d of age. Direct observations were also made of the entire pen for 10 min at approximately 50, 95, 123, and 160 d of age to record aberrant behaviors. At 62 d of age, a handling and blood collection stress was imposed. At 165 d of age, a second stress test was conducted in response to rough handling and transport. Early-weaned pigs spent more time playing/ fighting (P < .006) than late-weaned pigs during the 4 d after weaning, manipulated conspecifics more often at 40 d of age (P < .002), had greater percentage of hemoglobin (P < .03) during Stress Test 1, had greater ADG at 42 d of age (P < .03), and had greater hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor mRNA at slaughter (P < .06). Late-weaned pigs had greater ADG between 137 and 165 d of age (P < .03) and greater pro-opiomelanocortin at slaughter (P < .04). Overall, most differences found between early-weaned and late-weaned pigs were evident soon after weaning, but they disappeared before slaughter.  相似文献   

聚丙烯酰胺防治坡地水土流失田间试验研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

杜尧东  夏海江 《水土保持学报》2000,14(3):10-13

坡地篱用聚丙烯酰胺可以减少地表径流,提高土壤含水量,促进土壤沉降,增强土壤结构性和水稳性,因而提高了土壤的持水性和抗蚀性,减少了土壤侵蚀量和肥力流失量,有利于作物增产。施用聚丙烯酰胺可使产量增加１８．７％～３２．４％。施用聚丙烯酰胺对环境无不良影响,而且投入费用较低,是一条值得探索的防治坡地水土流失的新途径。  相似文献   

Cardiac Biomarkers in Hyperthyroid Cats     

J.K. Sangster  D.L. Panciera  J.A. Abbott  K.C. Zimmerman  A.C. Lantis 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):465-472

Background

Hyperthyroidism has substantial effects on the circulatory system. The cardiac biomarkers NT‐proBNP and troponin I (cTNI) have proven useful in identifying cats with myocardial disease but have not been extensively investigated in hyperthyroidism.

Hypothesis

Plasma NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations are higher in cats with primary myocardial disease than in cats with hyperthyroidism and higher in cats with hyperthyroidism than in healthy control cats.

Animals

Twenty‐three hyperthyroid cats, 17 cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and 19 euthyroid, normotensive healthy cats ≥8 years of age. Fourteen of the hyperthyroid cats were re‐evaluated 3 months after administration of radioiodine (¹³¹I).

Methods

Complete history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistries, urinalysis, blood pressure measurement, serum T4 concentration, plasma concentrations of NT‐proBNP and cTNI, and echocardiogram were obtained prospectively from each cat.

Results

Hyperthyroid cats and cats with HCM had plasma NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations that were significantly higher than those of healthy cats, but there was no significant difference between hyperthyroid cats and cats with HCM with respect to the concentration of either biomarker. In hyperthyroid cats that were re‐evaluated 3 months after ¹³¹I treatment, plasma NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations as well as ventricular wall thickness had decreased significantly.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although there may be a role for NT‐proBNP in monitoring the cardiac response to treatment of hyperthyroidism, neither NT‐proBNP nor cTNI distinguish hypertrophy associated with hyperthyroidism from primary HCM. Therefore, the thyroid status of older cats should be ascertained before interpreting NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations.  相似文献   

Standing Laparoscopic Peritoneal Flap Hernioplasty of the Vaginal Rings does not Modify the Sperm Production and Motility Characteristics in Intact Male Horses     

LA Gracia‐Calvo  LJ Ezquerra  M Martín‐Cuervo  ME Durán  H Tapio  JM Gallardo  FJ Peña  C Ortega‐Ferrusola 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1043-1048

Laparoscopic hernioplasty techniques have been developed in the recent years to avoid the recurrence of inguinal hernias and to spare the testicles for breeding purposes in stallions. However, there have been no previous comprehensive and systematic studies of the reproductive outcomes and prognoses for stallions after inguinal hernioplasty. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of one of these techniques (standing laparoscopic peritoneal flap hernioplasty) on the sperm production and motility characteristics of six healthy stallions that received this procedure based on 1‐year follow‐ups. There were no significant differences in the measured sperm variables (assessments based on the DSO, MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL and VAP) during 1‐year follow‐ups.  相似文献   

On the Quantum Nature of the Shared Proton in Hydrogen Bonds     

ME Tuckerman  D Marx  ML Klein  M Parrinello 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5301):817-820

The relative influence of thermal and quantum fluctuations on the proton transfer properties of the charged water complexes H5O2+ and H3O2- was investigated with the use of ab initio techniques. These small systems can be considered as prototypical representatives of strong and intermediate-strength hydrogen bonds. The shared proton in the strongly hydrogen bonded H5O2+ behaved in an essentially classical manner, whereas in the H3O2- low-barrier hydrogen bond, quantum zero-point motion played a crucial role even at room temperature. This behavior can be traced back to a small difference in the oxygen-oxygen separation and hence to the strength of the hydrogen bond.  相似文献   

Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Alonso JM  Stepanova AN  Leisse TJ  Kim CJ  Chen H  Shinn P  Stevenson DK  Zimmerman J  Barajas P  Cheuk R  Gadrinab C  Heller C  Jeske A  Koesema E  Meyers CC  Parker H  Prednis L  Ansari Y  Choy N  Deen H  Geralt M  Hazari N  Hom E  Karnes M  Mulholland C  Ndubaku R  Schmidt I  Guzman P  Aguilar-Henonin L  Schmid M  Weigel D  Carter DE  Marchand T  Risseeuw E  Brogden D  Zeko A  Crosby WL  Berry CC  Ecker JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):653-657

Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene.  相似文献   

Blood cells preserved in a mummy 2000 years old   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M R Zimmerman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(83):303-304

Structures resembling red blood cells have been seen in mummies, but have been considered by some to be artifacts or molds. The finding of these structures, admixed with white blood cells, in the blood vessels of a mummified American Indian, confirms the original interpretation of preserved red blood cells.  相似文献   

Asteroidal source of meteorites     

Zimmerman PD  Wetherill GW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(4107):51-53

The evolution of asteroidal orbits initially near the Kirkwood Gap at the 1:2 commensurability with Jupiter's period provides a mechanism for the production of meteorites from the asteroid belt without excessive velocity change. The resulting yield ( approximately 10(9) grams per year) and the orbital elements of Earth-crossing objects are in agreement with observational data on meteorites.  相似文献   

Physical and sensory properties of dairy products from cows with various milk fatty acid compositions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Chen S  Bobe G  Zimmerman S  Hammond EG  Luhman CM  Boylston TD  Freeman AE  Beitz DC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3422-3428

Dairy products from milk of cows fed diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids have a more health-promoting fatty acid composition and are softer but often have oxidized flavors. Dairy products made from cow's milk that has more- or less-unsaturated fatty acid compositions were tested for differences in texture and flavor from those made from bulk-tank milk. The milk was manufactured into butter, vanilla ice cream, yogurt, Provolone cheese, and Cheddar cheese. The products were analyzed for fatty acid composition, physical properties, and flavor. Milk of cows with a more monounsaturated fatty acid composition yielded products with a more monounsaturated fatty acid composition that were softer and had a satisfactory flavor. Thus, selection of cows for milk fatty acid composition can be used to produce dairy products that are probably more healthful and have a softer texture.  相似文献   

Best management practices for storm water at industrial facilities     

M. Zimmerman  C. Murphy 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,90(1-2):153-162

Contaminated storm water runoff has been identified as a significant source of degradation to our nation's waterways. Industrial and construction activities are primary sources of this contamination. After identifying this problem, Congress passed the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1987 which required EPA to publish regulations to control storm water discharges from certain activities. As a result, industrial facilities subject to the program are required to obtain permits and implement controls referred to as Best Management Practices (BMPs) to reduce the pollutants in the storm water runoff from their sites. BMPs can be implemented to reduce contaminants from entering storm water (source controls) or to treat storm water after it has contacted industrial areas (treatment controls). In general, source controls are more effective in reducing pollutant levels in storm water runoff, and are therefore, preferred by EPA and other regulatory agencies. This paper provides an overview of the EPA Storm Water Program which also applies to most state programs and discusses methods to identify and implement BMPs.  相似文献