THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE     

Krueger AP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1930,72(1872):507-508

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Antibacterial activity of Eupatorium glandulosum leaves     

Sasikumar JM  Doss AP  Doss A 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(2):240-243

Antibacterial screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of Eupatorium glandulosum leaves exhibited a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogenic bacteria.  相似文献   

A regression-based equivalence test for model validation: shifting the burden of proof     

Robinson AP  Duursma RA  Marshall JD 《Tree physiology》2005,25(7):903-913

Model validation is often realized as a test of how well model predictions match a set of independent observations. One would think that the burden of proof should rest with the model, to force it to show that it can make accurate predictions. Further, one would think that increasing the sample size ought to increase the model's ability to demonstrate its utility. Traditional statistical tools are inappropriate for this because they default to the case that the model and the data are no different, and their ability to detect differences increases with the sample size. These traditional tools are optimized to detect differences, rather than similarities. We present an alternative strategy for model validation that is based on regression and statistical tests of equivalence. Equivalence tests reverse the usual null hypothesis: they posit that the populations being compared are different and use the data to prove otherwise. In this sense, equivalence tests are lumping tests, whereas the traditional statistical tests are splitting tests. To date, model validation with equivalence tests has focused on comparisons of means. Our proposed test checks not only for similarity of means, but also for similarity between individual predictions and observations. The strategy is demonstrated using three case studies that differ in their modeling objectives, and for varied sample sizes. The proposed strategy provides a formal means of model validation that is superior to traditional statistical tests in each case.  相似文献   

A new dihydroxysterol from the marine phytoplankton Diacronema sp     

Rauter AP  Filipe MM  Prata C  Noronha JP  Sampayo MA  Justino J  Bermejo J 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(5):433-438

Diacronema sp. was cultured and its sterols were separated by column chromatography on silica gel. The new sterol 24-ethyl-4alpha-methyl-cholestane-3,20-diol (1) was characterised by NMR and MS spectrometry, as well as (22E)-24-ethyl-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-22-en-3beta-ol (2) and beta-sitosterol, the major components of the sterol fractions. Neither the biosynthetic origin of the new dihydroxysterol nor its role in the biochemistry of Diacronema is known.  相似文献   

Transpiration increases during the dry season: patterns of tree water use in eucalypt open-forests of northern Australia     

O'Grady AP  Eamus D  Hutley LB 《Tree physiology》1999,19(9):591-597

Australian savannas exhibit marked seasonality in precipitation, with more than 90% of the annual total falling between October and May. The dry season is characterized by declining soil water availability and high vapor pressure deficits (up to 2.5 kPa). We used heat pulse technology to measure whole-tree transpiration rates on a daily and seasonal basis for the two dominant eucalypts at a site near Darwin, Australia. Contrary to expectations, transpiration rates were higher during the dry season than during the wet season, largely because of increased evaporative demand and the exploitation of groundwater reserves by the trees. Transpiration rates exhibited a marked hysteresis in relation to vapor pressure deficit, which was more marked in the dry season than in the wet season. This result may be attributable to low soil hydraulic conductivity, or the use of stored stem water, or both. Tree water use was strongly correlated with leaf area and diameter at breast height and there were no differences in transpiration between the species studied. These results are discussed in relation to scaling tree water use to stand water use.  相似文献   

In vitro studies on the binding, antioxidant, and cytotoxic actions of punicalagin     

Kulkarni AP  Mahal HS  Kapoor S  Aradhya SM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1491-1500

The protective bioactivity of punicalagin, a high molecular weight polyphenol isolated from pomegranate fruit pith and carpellary membrane, against oxidative damages to lipids, amino acids constituting the proteins, and guanosine as a model for DNA has been investigated. The ABTS*-, guanosine, and tryptophan radical generated pulse radiolytically were repaired by punicalagin, k = (0.9-15) x 10(7) dm3 mol-1 s-1. The results are rationalized on the basis of the scavenging activity of punicalagin against various one-electron oxidizing radicals, namely, .OH, N3., and NO2. . The formation of the transient species in these reactions and the rate constants of the scavenging reactions have been probed using a time-resolved kinetic spectrophotometric technique. The antioxidant action of punicalagin is expressed not only through its scavenging reactions but also by its ability to form metal chelates. Binding of punicalagin with bovine serum albumin and metal ions such as iron and copper revealed different binding affinities, whereas its binding with DNA was very weak and nonspecific. In vitro cytotoxic studies against three cell lines, namely, Vero (normal African green monkey kidney cell line), Hep-2 (human larynx epithelial cancer cell line), and A-549 (human small cell lung carcinoma cell line) showed that this polyphenol is toxic only at higher concentration.  相似文献   

Preparation and characterization of phthalated cellulose derivatives in room-temperature ionic liquid without catalysts     

Liu CF  Sun RC  Zhang AP  Qin MH  Ren JL  Wang XA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2399-2406

Homogeneous modification of cellulose, isolated with 10% KOH from delignified sugarcane bagasse, was performed in room-temperature ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylinidazolium chloride with phthalic anhydride in the absence of catalyst. The results showed the degree of substitution of phthalated cellulosic derivatives, ranging from 0.10 to 0.73, increased with the increment of reaction temperature, reaction time, and the molar ratio of phthalic anhydride/anhydroglucose units in cellulose under the conditions given. The products were characterized by FT-IR and solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as thermal analysis, and the results revealed that the phthalation reaction at C-6, C-2, and C-3 positions of the cellulose all occurred. The thermal stability of the phthalated cellulose was found to decrease upon chemical modification. However, this thermal stability of the phthalated cellulose over 200 degrees C is rather satisfactory.  相似文献   

Peptidases of Trichobilharzia regenti (Schistosomatidae) and its molluscan host Radix peregra S. Lat. (Lymnaeidae): construction and screening of cDNA library from intramolluscan stages of the parasite     

Dolecková K  Kasný M  Mikes L  Mutapi F  Stack C  Mountford AP  Horák P 《Folia parasitologica》2007,54(2):94-98

Trichobilharzia regenti is a neurotropic bird schistosome,causing cercarial dermatitis in humans. In this study, ZAP cDNA expression library from Radix peregra s. lat. hepatopancreases containing intramolluscan stages of T. regenti was constructed and screened using PCR with specific and degenerate primers, designed according to previously described serine and cysteine peptidases of other parasite species. Full-length sequences of cathepsins B1 and L, and two serine peptidases, named RpSP1 and RpSP2, were obtained.The protein-protein BLAST analysis and parallel control reactions with template from hepatopancreases of T. regenti non-infected snails revealed that only cathepsin B1 was of parasite origin. The remaining sequences were derived from the snail intermediate host, which implies that the initial source of parasite mRNA was contaminated by snail tissue.Regardless of this contamination, the cDNA library remains an excellent molecular tool for detection and identification of bioactive molecules in T. regenti cercariae.  相似文献   

A revised description of Gyrodactylus cichlidarum Paperna, 1968 (Gyrodactylidae) from the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Cichlidae), and its synonymy with G. niloticus Cone, Arthur et Bondad-Reantaso, 1995     

García-Vásquez A  Hansen H  Shinn AP 《Folia parasitologica》2007,54(2):129-140

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梯形渠道衬砌冻胀破坏弹性地基板模型   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

何鹏飞  候光亮  董建华  曹海涛  马永斌 《农业工程学报》2022,38(23):91-100

为探讨开放系统中梯形混凝土衬砌渠道的冻胀问题,根据衬砌板与冻土地基的相互关系,采用 Winkler弹性地基板理论建立了考虑冻胀力和冻结力作用的衬砌板冻胀破坏力学模型,使用解析法得到了衬砌板变形和内力解,对不同地下水埋深、衬砌板几何参数的影响规律进行了分析。通过与已有现场观测值和计算值进行对比,验证了弹性地基板理论计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明：坡板在非均匀分布的冻胀力作用下,挠度、弯矩和剪力也表现为非均匀分布,挠度最大值在坡顶距坡脚2/3处,弯矩最大值靠近底板位置,拉应力分布与内力分布规律一致,与已有研究结果吻合。与梁理论相比,板理论计算结果表明衬砌板的挠度和内力沿板宽方向为非均匀分布,挠度和弯矩在自由边界（纵向伸缩缝）处增大,扭矩主要分布在衬砌板的拐角处。切向冻结力对渠道冻胀影响较小,在原渠道工况下,不考虑切向冻结力与考虑最大切向冻结力之间,最大挠度相差0.7 mm。针对不同地下水位的渠道,给出了衬砌板的安全厚度,可为现浇混凝土梯形渠道的抗冻胀设计提供参考和理论依据。  相似文献