Novel and simple approach using synthesized nickel nanoparticles to control blood-sucking parasites     

Govindasamy Rajakumar  Abdul Abdul Rahuman  Kanayairam Velayutham  Jeyaraman Ramyadevi  Kadarkaraithangam Jeyasubramanian  Arumugam Marikani  Gandhi Elango  Chinnaperumal Kamaraj  Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar  Sampath Marimuthu  Abdul Abduz Zahir  Asokan Bagavan  Chidambaram Jayaseelan  Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi  Moorthy Iyappan  Chinnadurai Siva 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(3-4):332-339

The present study was on assessment of the anti-parasitic activities of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) against the larvae of cattle ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae), fourth instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae). The metallic Ni NPs were synthesized by polyol process from Ni-hydrazine as precursor and Tween 80 as both the medium and the stabilizing reagent. The synthesized Ni NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis which indicated the presence of Ni NPs. Synthesized Ni NPs showed the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 42.76°, 53.40°, and 76.44°, identified as 1 1 1, 2 2 0, and 2 0 0 reflections, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the synthesized Ni NPs clearly showed that the Ni NPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 150 nm. The Ni NPs showed maximum activity against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus, H. a. anatolicum, A. subpictus, C. quinquefasciatus and C. gelidus with LC₅₀ values of 10.17, 10.81, 4.93, 5.56 and 4.94 mg/L; r² values of 0.990, 0.993, 0.992, 0.950 and 0.988 and the efficacy of Ni-hydrazine complexes showed the LC₅₀ values of 20.35, 22.72, 8.29, 9.69 and 7.83 mg/L; r² values of 0.988, 0.986, 0.989, 0.944 and 0.978, respectively. The findings revealed that synthesized Ni NPs possess excellent larvicidal parasitic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on larvicidal activity of blood feeding parasites using synthesized Ni NPs.  相似文献   

Field evaluation of some bait additives against Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) (Rodentia: Hystricidae)     

Muhammad MUSHTAQ  Iftikhar HUSSAIN  Afsar MIAN  Shahid MUNIR  Irfan AHMED  Abdul Aziz KHAN 《Integrative zoology》2013,8(3):285-292

This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine, a serious forest and agricultural pest, under field conditions. Different additives (saccharin, common salt, bone meal, fish meal, peanut butter, egg yolk, egg shell powder, yeast powder, mineral oil and coconut oil) at 2 and 5% each were tested for their relative preference, using groundnut–maize (1:1) as basic bait. All the additives were tested under a no‐choice test pattern. For control tests, no additive was mixed with the basic bait. Saccharin at 5% concentration significantly enhanced the consumption of bait over the basic bait, while 2% saccharin supplemented bait resulted in a non‐significant bait consumption. All other additives did not enhance the consumption of the bait material; rather, these worked as repellents. However, the repellency was lowest with the common salt, followed by egg yolk, egg shell powder, bone meal, peanut butter, mineral oil, fish meal and yeast powder, while coconut remained the most repellent compound. The present study suggested that groundnut–maize (1:1) supplemented with 5% saccharin was the preferred bait combination, and can be used with different rodenticides for the management of Indian crested porcupine.  相似文献   

小麦茎生长点转化研究初报   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

RAZZAQ Abdul  张艳敏  杨帆  游颜杰  赵和  马峙英  王海波 《华北农学报》2005,20(1):17-22

为了躲避转基因技术对组织培养的过分依赖,本研究以小麦为材料尝试了一种对生长点直接进行转化的方法,并初步证明了这一方法的可行性。具体做法是：将种子萌芽,然后剥去胚芽鞘暴露出生长点,再用玻璃纤维制作的小刷子将生长点刺伤,最后用带有外源基因的农杆菌进行侵染处理。用携带hph-GUS基因的LBA4404农杆菌,侵染处理1～11日龄幼苗(生长点),共培养7d后检测新生芽中GUS的瞬时表达情况;侵染1～2日龄幼苗(生长点),取长成植株的2～3朵小花进行GUS稳定表达检测。又用携带BADH和npt Ⅱ基因的AGL1农杆菌菌株侵染1日龄的幼苗(生长点),在含：100mg／L卡那霉素的蛭石中进行选择。结果表明,GUS的瞬时表达率随被处理幼苗的日龄增加而降低,以2日龄幼苗为最高(10．7％)。用花序检测GUS的稳定表达,被侵染受体为1日龄幼苗时的表达率高于2日龄的幼苗。蔗糖的存在并不提高GUS基因在花序中表达的频率。不过花序表现为GUS阳性的植株后代,经PCR检测后并没有证实GUS基因存在。用AGL1菌株进行转化,获得了13．6％的抗卡那霉素的绿色植株,但只有3株呈现PCR阳性,且只有1株结了实。  相似文献   

Preliminary Study of Variable Rate Application – Organic Liquid Fertilizer by Using SPAD Chlorophyll Meter on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Cultivation     

Muhammad Nurfaiz Abd Kharim  Aimrun Wayayok  Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff  Ahmad Fikri Abdullah 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(5):639-649

Knowing actual nutrient requirements for rice plants is crucial in supplying the correct amount of fertilizer, especially nitrogen since nitrogen is one of the most key limiting nutrients in rice cultivation. A preliminary study of variable rate application (VRA) on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) planting by using organic foliar fertilizer was carried out to determine the effectiveness of precision fertilization. Foliar fertilizer was formulated based on actual nitrogen needed by rice plants using Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter measurements. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (50% fixed rate, 100% fixed rate, 150% fixed rate and VRA) and four replications for each treatment. Plant growth performances (plant heights, number of tillers, number of panicle and flower) and yield performances (grain yield, number of grain, 1000-grain weight and number of spikelets) were recorded during the study. The results showed that foliar application of VRA resulted in significantly higher yield performances; grain yield (13.65 g), number of grain (807.50), 1000-grain weight (16.79 g), and number of spikelets (7.50) compared to uniform fertilizer applications. VRA treatments had the highest SPAD readings at every planting stage during the experiment; however, a high nitrogen supply was needed during the mid-tillering stages (35 DAT) compared to other fertilizer rates. Besides, VRA application shows the most savings in term of total nitrogen supply (415 µg) compared to uniform rates application; 50% fixed rate (400 µg), 100% fixed rate (810 µg), and 150% fixed rate (1210 µg).  相似文献   

Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochars Derived From Corn,Hardwood, Miscanthus,and Horse Manure Biomasses     

Kurt Nagel  M. Abdul Mottaleb  Jonathan Wistrom  Michael Bellamy 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(8):987-1002

Biochar, a carbon-rich by-product of biomass pyrolysis, is widely recognized as a potential ingredient for soil amendment, fertility, and carbon sequestration owing to its favorable physicochemical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and physical properties of biochars produced through pyrolysis at 450°C from agricultural residues available in Northwest Missouri, namely hardwood (HW), corn stover (CR), miscanthus (MS), and horse manure (HM). These properties were assessed through the analysis of pyrolysis yield, pH, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash and carbon (C), hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N) contents, trace metal concentrations, surface morphology, surface functional groups, bulk density, and water holding capacity. The biochars derived from HW, MS and CR materials showed high volatile-matter (33–42%), high fixed carbon contents (42–47%), very low ash contents (6–15%), and low bulk density (0.14–0.28 g cm^?3) as compared to that of HM. A wide range of trace elements was observed in biochar samples with significant differences in concentrations. In addition, CR, HW and MS biochars displayed a disordered graphitic-like structure with well-developed pores and surface areas of 23, 70 and 90 m²/g respectively, and high water-holding capacity up to 750%, indicating their potential application as a soil amendment.  相似文献   

Morpho-physiological Response of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) to Particle Size and Rates of Zinc Fertilizer     

Majid Rostami  Reza Mirzaei Talarposhti  Hoda Mohammadi  Michael Scott Demyan 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(10):1250-1257

A field study was conducted during 2015–2017 in order to evaluate effects of the foliar application of different sources and concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the yield and morpho-physiological characteristics of saffron. Experimental treatment included the foliar application of nano ZnO at a concentration of (3, 6, and 9 g L^?1), foliar application of normal ZnO at a concentration of (3, 6, and 9 g L^?1) and the control. Both types of ZnO had positive effects on the saffron yield and number of flowers, but the highest yield and flower number were obtained by the foliar application of 9 g L^?1 normal ZnO followed by 6 g L^?1 nano ZnO. Increasing concentrations of both fertilizers up to 3 g L^?1 had no significant effect on crocin, but the crocin content significantly decreased at higher concentrations. Effects of experimental treatments were significant on all morpho-physiological traits. The maximum chlorophyll a (1.74 mg.g^?1) was observed in normal ZnO at a concentration of 9 g L^?1 followed by nano ZnO at a concentration of 3 g L^?1. The increasing application of different types of fertilizers linearly increased the Peroxidase activity, but the highest activity of Catalase in normal ZnO and nano ZnO was measured after the foliar application at concentrations of 3 and 6 g L^?1, respectively.  相似文献   

Floristic composition and ecological gradient analyses of the Liakot Forests in the Kalam region of District Swat,Pakistan     

Sohail Anwar  Shujaul Mulk Khan  Zeeshan Ahmad  Zahid Ullah  Majid Iqbal 《林业研究》2019,(4):1407-1416

Kalam Kohistan is a dry,temperate hilly region in the Hindu Raj Series of the Greater Hindu Kush Mountains with diverse forests.As plant distribution and composition is expression of a range of various environmental variables,ecological and floristic attributes of vegetation in the Laikot Forests were therefore evaluated via consecutive explorative trips.These forests have not been evaluated ecologically before due to harsh climatic conditions and issues of accessibility and the study in hand is one of the first in its nature.Quantitative ecological techniques were used to sample forest vegetation and identify species in quadrats of 2 m×2 m for herbs,5 m×5 m for shrubs and 10 m×10 m for trees.All the data of 195 plant species and environmental factors were analyzed via Two-way Cluster Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis using PCORD and CANOCO software.Among 195 plant species from 63 families were 27 species of Asteraceae,the most-speciose family,followed by Poaceae(20 spp.).The dominant life form was therophyte(86 spp.;44%share),followed by phanerophyte(41 spp.;21%share).For the leaf size spectrum,most prevalent was nanophyll(73 spp.;44%)followed by microphyll(66 spp.,34%)and mesophyll(44 spp.;23%).Calcium carbonate,pH,potassium,sand,silt,organic matter,slope aspect and grazing significantly influenced species composition,distribution and habitat.The floristic variation in the region was diverse due to elevational and aspect gradients and thus devided into three zones.This vegetation zonation can be utilized for forest management,species and habitat conservation.Both in situ and ex situ conservation of threatened plant species may improve their conservation status in future if address properly.  相似文献   

Nestedness and modularity in fragmented Shasha Forest Reserve,southwestern Nigeria     

Damilare Stephen Akinyemi  Oseni S. Remi  Abdul Shakoor  Oke S. Olajide 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(3):292-304

Species co-occurrence and nestedness pattern in Shasha forest reserve were investigated with a view to determining the effect of interactions to species contribution. Three distinct sites (Gmelina arborea plantation, undisturbed forest, and Pinus carribaea (plantation) were selected in the forest reserve. Four 25 m × 25 m plots were established in each of the site within the forest reserve. Species enumeration, identification,, and distribution into families of the standing vegetation were carried out. Woody species represented the most diverse life form. Plant species diversity was highest in UF and lowest in Gmelina plantation. Differences in woody species composition among the three forest types were determined by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), and similarity of percentages. Using z-score and NODF (a nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill). Three modules were detected and modularity score Q = 0.2. The composition analyses (NMDS and ANOSIM) revealed a significant difference in the woody species composition among the forest types. Our research may contribute to understand species assemblage in one of the diverse forests of Africa. Current work highlighted species occurrence in Shasha forest and highlighted the importance of non-random pattern which could serve as framework for conservation perspective.  相似文献   

Basilaphelenchus gorganensis n. sp. (Aphelenchoidea,Tylaphelenchinae) from wood from northern Iran     

Zeinab Mirzaie Fouladvand  Ebrahim Pourjam  Natsumi Kanzaki  Robin M. Giblin‐Davis  Majid Pedram 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(2)

Basilaphelenchus gorganensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from wood and bark of a dead tree from northern Iran. The new species is characterized by female body length (415–559 µm), three‐lined lateral fields, a sclerotized cephalic vestibule and cephalic framework, thin stylet with three elongate backwardly directed knobs, small spherical to oval metacorpus, with small and posteriorly located valve, simple vulva without any flap apparatus, 59‐ to 79‐µm‐long post‐vulval uterine sac, functional rectum and anus and dorsally convex, ventrally concave, usually ventrally bent conical female tail with a sharp tip. Males are common, apparently functional and characterized by well‐curved spicules, three pairs of small caudal papillae and no bursa at tail tip. Molecular phylogenetic inferences using partial sequences of small and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes (SSU and LSU rDNA) from different isolates of the new species revealed it differs from currently sequenced species and belongs to the Tylaphelenchinae clade.  相似文献   

Comparison of protection and viral shedding following vaccination with Newcastle disease virus strains of different genotypes used in vaccine formulation     

Wajid  Abdul  Basharat  Asma  Bibi  Tasra  Rehmani  Shafqat Fatima 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(7):1645-1651

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Newcastle disease (ND) is a devastating disease and cause high t mortality and morbidity in poultry and nonpoultry avian species worldwide. An intensive...  相似文献