Long‐Term Durum Wheat‐Based Cropping Systems Result in the Rapid Saturation of Soil Carbon in the Mediterranean Semi‐arid Environment     

Agata Novara  Ignazio Poma  Mauro Sarno  Giacomo Venezia  Luciano Gristina 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(3):612-619

Climate, soil physical–chemical characteristics, land management, and carbon (C) input from crop residues greatly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. According to the concept of SOC saturation, the ability of SOC to increase with C input decreases as SOC increases and approaches a SOC saturation level. In a 12‐year experiment, six semi‐arid cropping systems characterized by different rates of C input to soil were compared for ability to sequester SOC, SOC saturation level, and the time necessary to reach the SOC saturation level. SOC stocks, soil aggregate sizes, and C inputs were measured in durum wheat monocropping with (Ws) and without (W) return of aboveground residue to the soil and in the following cropping systems without return of aboveground residue to soil: durum wheat/fallow (Wfall), durum wheat/berseem clover, durum wheat/barley/faba bean, and durum wheat/Hedysarum coronarium. The C sequestration rate and SOC content were lowest in Wfall plots but did not differ among the other cropping systems. The C sequestration rate ranged from 0.47 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ in Ws plots to 0.66 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ in W plots but was negative (−0.06 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) in Wfall plots. Increases in SOC were related to C input up to a SOC saturation value; over this value, further C inputs did not lead to SOC increase. Across all cropping systems, the C saturation value for the experimental soil was 57.7 Mg ha⁻¹, which was reached with a cumulative C input of 15 Mg ha⁻¹. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effect of Shading on the Growth and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek)     

M. T. Islam    F. Kubota    Md  F. H. Mollah W. Agata 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):274-278

Mungbean grown as intercrop suffers shading stress form companion crop at different growth stages. Grain filling stage, which appears to be very much sensitive to light conditions, needs special attention to deal with, in order to maximize the benefit from intercropping systems. Growth and yield response of mungbean to different shading conditions imposed at the onset of pod formation stage was evaluated. Shading nets were used to cut down the incident photosynthetic active rediation by 15 %, 45 % and 75 %. There was almost no difference between the control and 15 % shaded plants for all the parameters studied. Total dry weight was found to decrease with increase in shading intensity and this phenomenon continued till the maturity of the crop. The crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate decreased due to shading. Lower specific leaf weight and higher chlorophyll content were due to increased shading. Decreased photosynthetic active radiation caused significant reduction in pods per plant and thus there was a significant decrease in seed yield per plant. In order to avoid yield loss due to shading at grain filling stage, agronomic manipulation and selection of suitable genotypes are necessary.  相似文献   

Purinergic receptors and regulatory volume decrease in seabream (Sparus aurata) hepatocytes: a videometric study     

Agata Torre  Francesca Trischitta  Caterina Faggio 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(6):1593-1600

The response of isolated hepatocytes of Sparus aurata to hypotonic stress was studied by the aid of videometric methods with the aim to investigate the possible involvement of ATP in the regulatory volume decrease (RVD). This study confirms our previous observations showing the ability of these cells to undergo RVD. In addition, it shows that the homeostatic response was inhibited by apyrase, an ATP scavenger, thus suggesting the involvement of extracellular ATP in the RVD response. Experiments performed in the presence of ATPγS or adenosine, agonists of P₂ and P₁ receptors respectively, and in the presence of suramin or 8-PT, antagonists of P₂ and P₁ receptors respectively, suggest that ATP exerts its stimulatory effect on the homeostatic response by interacting with P₂ receptors. On the other hand, the activation of P₁ receptors by ATP metabolites produces opposite effects. In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms involved in ATP release from the cell, we performed some experiments with known inhibitors of the possible mechanisms of regulated ATP release. The results we obtained let us to suppose that the mechanism allowing the exit of ATP from the cell is verapamil sensitive suggesting the involvement of the P-glycoprotein.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci for yellow pigment concentration and individual carotenoid compounds in durum wheat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonio Blanco  Pasqualina Colasuonno  Agata Gadaleta  Giacomo Mangini  Adalgisa Schiavulli  Rosanna Simeone  Anna Maria Digesù  Pasquale De Vita  Anna Maria Mastrangelo  Luigi Cattivelli 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(2):255-264

A defining factor for the commercial value of durum wheat pasta is its amber colour, which depends on the semolina yellow pigment concentration and on the oxidative enzymatic activity. Among carotenoids controlling yellow colour, the presence of β-carotene is also important as precursors of vitamin A. The aim of the present study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yellow pigment concentration, yellow index and individual carotenoid compounds (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene) in a durum segregant population. Total carotenoid concentration amounted to 37% of the yellow pigments, indicating unknown colour-producing compounds in the durum extracts. Lutein was the most abundant carotenoid, followed by zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene, while β-cryptoxanthin was a minor component. Phytoene synthase marker Psy-A1, 150 SSR and EST-SSR markers, and 345 DArT^® markers, were used to construct the linkage map for subsequent QTL analysis. Clusters of QTL for total and/or one or more carotenoid compounds were detected on the same chromosome regions (2A, 3B, 5A and 7A) where QTL for yellow pigment concentration and yellow index were identified. The molecular markers associated to major QTL would be useful for marker-assisted selection programs to facilitate high carotenoid concentration with high nutritional carotenoid compounds in wheat grain.  相似文献   

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dickeya</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium</Emphasis> strains obtained from diseased potato plants in different climatic conditions of Norway and Poland     

Merete Wiken Dees  Renata Lebecka  Juliana Irina Spies Perminow  Robert Czajkowski  Anna Grupa  Agata Motyka  Sabina Zoledowska  Jadwiga Śliwka  Ewa Lojkowska  May Bente Brurberg 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(4):839-851

Soft rot and blackleg of potato caused by pectinolytic bacteria lead to severe economic losses in potato production worldwide. To investigate the species composition of bacteria causing soft rot and black leg of potato in Norway and Poland, bacteria were isolated from potato tubers and stems. Forty-one Norwegian strains and 42 Polish strains that formed cavities on pectate medium were selected for potato tuber maceration assays and sequencing of three housekeeping genes (dnaX, icdA and mdh) for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of the species causing soft rot and blackleg in Norway and Poland differed: we have demonstrated that mainly P. atrosepticum and P. c. subsp. carotovorum are the causal agents of soft rot and blackleg of potatoes in Norway, while P. wasabiae was identified as one of the most important soft rot pathogens in Poland. In contrast to the other European countries, D. solani seem not to be a major pathogen of potato in Norway and Poland. The Norwegian and Polish P. c. subsp. carotovorum and P. wasabiae strains did not cluster with type strains of the respective species in the phylogenetic analysis, which underlines the taxonomic complexity of the genus Pectobacterium. No correlation between the country of origin and clustering of the strains was observed. All strains tested in this study were able to macerate potato tissue. The ability to macerate potato tissue was significantly greater for the P. c. subsp. carotovorum and Dickeya spp., compared to P. atrosepticum and P. wasabiae.  相似文献   

Quali-quantitative analyses of Flavonoids of Morus nigra L. and Morus alba L. (Moraceae) fruits     

Pawlowska AM  Oleszek W  Braca A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3377-3380

Morus nigra L., belonging to the Moraceae family, is a decidious tree widely cultivated in Europe and West Asia. It has a long history of medicinal use in Chinese medicine, as a remedy for many kinds of diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of the phenolic constituents of M. nigra fruits and to compare their content with the fruits of another species of Morus, Morus alba, which is also very well known in folklore medicine. The fruits of black and white mulberries have been studied, and five compounds from the methanol extract have been identified by means of HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS. Four compounds (quercetin 3- O-glucoside, quercetin 3- O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3- O-rutinoside, and 5- O-caffeoylquinic acid) have been isolated by use of Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC and characterized by means of NMR and ESI-MS. Furthermore, HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS analysis of the red pigment of M. nigra fruits revealed the presence of four anthocyanins recognized as cyanidin 3- O-glucoside, cyanidin 3- O-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3- O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3- O-rutinoside. All of the compounds were quantified.  相似文献   

Growth in juvenile pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) stimulated with yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,extract          下载免费PDF全文

Sylwia Jarmołowicz  Maciej Rożyński  Agata Kowalska  Zdzisław Zakęś 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):614-620

Thanks to the content of valuable bioactive substances, yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is finding wider applications in aquaculture and marine fish husbandry. Highly bio‐available and bio‐assimilable yeast extracts, which are obtained through processes that remove cell walls, are of special interest. The current study examined the impact of yeast extracts added to commercial feed at concentrations of 2% (group F2), 4% (group F4) and 6% (group F6) on growth, blood biochemistry parameters, liver and intestinal morphology, proximate body composition and the content of free amino acids in the muscle tissues of European pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (initial body weight = 10 g). At the termination of the experiment that ran for 60 days, the highest increases in body weight were noted in all the groups of fish that had received yeast extract (final body weight ≈ 35 g vs. control group ≈ 31 g). The daily and specific growth rates indexes were the highest in group F6. The alanine aminotransferase activity in this group was half of that in the control group (group C) (p < .05). The lowest levels of plasma bilirubin were noted in groups F4 and F6, while these groups had the highest hepatosomatic indexes that differed significantly to those of group C (p < .05). Microscopic analysis of the intestines indicated significant growth in the enterocyte height and supranuclear zone, or the so‐called absorption space, as the quantity of yeast extract added to the diets increased. Yeast supplementation was not noted to have a significant impact on the proximate body composition or the contents of free amino acids in the fish muscle tissues. In conclusion, the lowest analysed dose of yeast (i.e. 2% yeast extract) stimulates the growth of pikeperch.  相似文献   

Changes of physicochemical quality,phenolics and vitamin C content in hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta and its hybrid) during storage     

Tomasz Krupa  Piotr Latocha  Agata Liwińska 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

The effect of storage and the stage of maturity of hardy kiwifruits on the physicochemical quality, phenolics (TPC) and ascorbic acid content (AAC), as well as antioxidant activity (AA) were studied in this work. The phenolic compounds in hardy kiwifruits were separated and characterized by HPLC. The investigation was carried out on the two cultivars of Actinidia arguta – ‘Weiki’, ‘74-49’ and the hybrid of A. arguta and Actinidia purpurea (‘D14’). Fruit firmness rapidly decreased and the soluble solid content (SSC) increased for all cultivars during the first 14 days of storage at 1 °C. The AAC and TPC in vine ripe fruits were similar to the ones of the fruits of storage harvest maturity (8–10% SSC). AA content depended on the clone and either decreased during storage or remained almost unchanged. There was an increase in TPC after 7 days of keeping the fruits in a cold store chamber at the temperature 1 °C, but a longer period of storage caused a decrease in these compounds. AA (at harvest for storage purposes) was higher than that of vine ripe fruits and the ability to absorb free radicals slightly decreased during storage. There was a strong correlation between AAC, TPC and AA. That means that phenolics and vitamin C affect the antioxidant activity of hardy kiwifruits.  相似文献   

Preliminary study of guard hair morphology in four dog breeds          下载免费PDF全文

Paweł Tumiłowicz  Agata Goliszewska  Jacek Arct  Katarzyna Pytkowska  Marcin Szczepanik 《Veterinary dermatology》2018,29(4):332-e116

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Decline of maternal antibodies to small ruminant lentivirus in goat kids          下载免费PDF全文

Michał Czopowicz  Olga Szaluś‐Jordanow  Marcin Mickiewicz  Agata Moroz  Lucjan Witkowski  Iwona Markowska‐Daniel  Daria Reczyńska  Emilia Bagnicka  Jarosław Kaba 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(9):1364-1370

We carried out this study to determine for how long small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV)‐specific antibodies can be detected by three commercial ELISA kits in goat kids after suckling infected does in field conditions. Forty‐one kids born to SRLV‐seropositive asymptomatic does were blood sampled prior to colostrum consumption, and then weekly for 6 months in total. The sera were screened with three commercial ELISA kits: whole‐virus ELISA (wELISA), recombinant transmembrane and capsid antigen ELISA (TM/CA‐ELISA), and surface antigen ELISA (SU‐ELISA). All but one kid were seronegative in all three ELISAs right after birth. At the age of 1 week all kids turned seropositive in wELISA, 39 kids (95%) in TM/CA‐ELISA, and 35 kids (85%) in SU‐ELISA. All seropositive kids turned seronegative in wELISA by the 15th week, and in SU‐ELISA by the 19th week (median of 8 weeks in both ELISA), whereas in TM/CA‐ELISA five kids (13% of 39 initially seropositive) were still seropositive at the age of 6 months (median of 11 weeks). Antibody levels at the age of 1 week proved significantly linked to the duration of maternal antibodies in all three ELISAs and could be employed to predict for how long maternal antibodies would remain detectable.  相似文献