Genetic diversity of Pakistan wheat germplasm as revealed by RAPD markers     

Iftikhar?Ahmad Khan  Faisal?Saeed AwanEmail author  Aftab?Ahmad  Yong-Bi?Fu  Ahsan?Iqbal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(3):239-244

Wheat breeding in Pakistan started in 1930s before partition in the United India and so far has released more than 68 cultivars, but no systematic analyses of the genetic diversity of Pakistan wheat have been made. Twenty Pakistan wheat cultivars released from 1933 to 2002 were examined for genetic diversity and relationships using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Forty-two RAPD primers were applied and 184 polymorphic bands were generated for each cultivar. Most of the cultivars were genetically interrelated, although six of them displayed some genetic distinctness. The RAPD variation observed among these cultivars was low. Only 40.7% of the total scorable bands were polymorphic, and 26.1% of the polymorphic bands were observed most frequently (f = 0.95) among the 20 cultivars. The proportions of polymorphic bands for each cultivar ranged from 0.67 in ‘Yecora’ to 0.84 in ‘C-250’ with an average of 0.76. About 1.4% of the RAPD variation might have been fixed over the 69 years of wheat breeding, but such fixation was not statistically significant. These results are significant for future improvement and conservation of Pakistan wheat.  相似文献   

cDNA cloning and deduced amino acid sequence of tropomyosin from fast skeletal muscle of white croaker Pennahia argentata     

Yoshihiro Ochiai  Kashfia Ahmed  Md Nazmul Ahsan  Daisuke Funabara  Misako Nakaya  Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(3):556-558

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Crop photosynthetic response to light quality and light intensity          下载免费PDF全文

Iram SHAFIQ  Sajad HUSSAIN  Muhammad Ali RAZA  Nasir IQBAL  Muhammad Ahsan ASGHAR  Ali RAZA  Yuan-fang FAN  Maryam MUMTAZ  Muhammad SHOAIB  Muhammad ANSAR  Abdul MANAF  Wen-yu YANG  Feng YANG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(1):4-23

Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors, which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity. Among various abiotic factors affecting plant photosynthesis, light serves as an important factor that drives carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. The two components of light(light quality and light intensity) greatly affect plant photosynthesis and other plant's morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. The response of plants to different spectral radiations and intensities differs in various species and also depends on growing conditions. To date, much research has been conducted regarding how different spectral radiations of varying intensity can affect plant growth and development. This review is an effort to briefly summarize the available information on the effects of light components on various plant parameters such as stem and leaf morphology and anatomy, stomatal development, photosynthetic apparatus, pigment composition, reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, antioxidants, and hormone production.  相似文献   

Studies on Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum)     

Mohammad Nazir  Farrukh H. Shah 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(1):51-56

Yields of green fodder, dry matter and nitrogen were adversely affected by an increase in the harvesting interval of Persian clover from 40 to 100 days. The optimum harvesting interval which gave maximum yield of green fodder (86.6 ton/ha) and dry matter (11.2 ton/ha) was 30 days. The maximum yield of total nitrogen (423 kg/ha) was obtained when the harvesting interval was 20 days.  相似文献   

Prospects of raising Sahiwal cow calves for veal production under tropical environment     

Shaukat Ali Bhatti  Kamran Nazir  Muhammad Jamil Basra  Muhammad Sajjad Khan  Muhammad Sarwar  Muhammad Ashraf Iqbal Mughal 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):923-930

The objective of present study was to evaluate the growth potential of Sahiwal calves for veal production on whole milk or whole milk and milk replacer combined in a ratio of 50:50 (MMR). For this purpose, 48 Sahiwal calves (both male and female) were assigned to four dietary treatments having 12 animals/treatment. Calves in the treatments A and B were offered whole milk at 15 or 20 % of their body weight (BW), respectively, up to day 84 adjusted on weekly basis. The calves in treatments C and D received the same amount of milk as in treatments A and B until day 21, respectively, after which 50 % of the milk offered was replaced with a blend of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) flour and vegetable (corn) oil mixed in water (MR) until day 84. The constituted MR had 3.1, 2.8, and 14.3 %, CP, EE, and DM, respectively. The growth and intake data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis, with MIXED Procedures of SAS in a 2?×?2 factorial design. The two factors were feeding level and feeding source. Calves offered whole milk grew faster (P?<?0.05) and had greater weaning weights (P?<?0.05) than those offered MMR (606.4?±?18.1 vs 331.3?±?18.1 g/day and 70.4?±?1.5 vs 47.8?±?1.5 kg, respectively). Greatest daily BW gain (656?±?26 g/day) and weaning weight (74.6?±?2.1 kg) were observed in calves given treatment B while the lowest production cost/kg of BW gain (≈US$3.6?±?0.2) was observed in calves given treatment A. The daily BW gain of calves fed milk ad libitum was 716?±?40 and 836?±?40 g/day, during 5–8 and 9–12 weeks, respectively. The number of days calves exhibited scours was higher in calves offered MMR than those offered whole milk. Replacement of 50 % milk with a blend of chickpea flour and vegetable oil, as an alternative to milk replacer, did not support growth equivalent to whole milk and was not effective in reducing feeding cost during the weaning period. Sahiwal calves may have promise for being raised for veal production under tropical environments.  相似文献   

Physical and mechanical properties of jute, bamboo and coir natural fiber     

Subhankar Biswas  Qumrul Ahsan  Ahmed Cenna  Mahbub Hasan  Azman Hassan 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(10):1762-1767

A systematic study has been carried out to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of jute, bamboo and coir (brown and white) single fibers. The tensile properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus and strain to failure) were determined by varying span length. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was also carried out to determine the physical properties of fibers in order to correlate with its strength, Young’s modulus and strain to failure. The Young’s modulus and strain to failure were corrected using newly developed equations. The study revealed that with increasing test span length the Young’s modulus increased and tensile strength as well as strain to failure decreased. This is because no extensometer could be used in this test set-up and machine displacement (denoted by α) was used for the modulus determination. It is also attributed that larger span length helps to minimize the machine displacement compared to smaller ones due to the reduced relative effect of slippage in the clamps. Among all fibers, the Young’s modulus of bamboo fiber was the highest. Jute fiber had smoother surface compared to other three examined fibers.  相似文献   

Silicon alleviates nickel toxicity in cotton seedlings through enhancing growth,photosynthesis, and suppressing Ni uptake and oxidative stress     

Ammara Khaliq  Amjad Hameed  Muhammad Ahsan Farooq  Mujahid Farid  Muhammad Bilal Shakoor 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(5):633-647

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a well-known and economically most beneficial crop worldwide while nickel (Ni) toxicity is a widespread problem in crops grown on Ni-contaminated soils. We investigated the response of silicon (Si) in cotton under Ni stress with respect to growth, biomass, gas exchange attributes, enzymatic activities, and Ni uptake and accumulation. For this, plants were grown in hydroponics for 12 weeks with three levels of Ni (0, 50, and 100 µM) in the presence or absence of 1 mM Si. Results showed that Ni significantly reduced the plant growth, biomass, gas exchange attributes, and pigment contents while Si application mitigated these adverse effects under Ni stress. Nickel stress significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes’ activities while increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and electrolyte leakage (EC) in leaves and roots. The application of Si enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced MDA, H₂O₂, and EC in plants. Nickel application significantly increased Ni concentration and accumulation in leaf, stem, and roots while Si application significantly decreased Ni in these plant parts. The present study indicates that Si could improve cotton growth under Ni stress by lowering Ni uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by increasing antioxidant enzymes activities.  相似文献   

Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk     

Shoaib Akhtar  Gu-cheng LI  Adnan Nazir  Amar Razzaq  Raza Ullah  Muhammad Faisal  Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer  Muhammad Haseeb Raza 《农业科学学报》2019,18(2):460-470

Farmers in Pakistan continue to produce maize under various types of risks and adopt several strategies to manage those risks. This study is the first attempt to investigate the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit which the farmers use to manage the risk to maize production. We apply bivariate and multinomial probit approaches to the primary data collected from four districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The results show that strong correlations exist between the off-farm diversification and agricultural credit which indicates that the use of one risk management strategy leads to another. The findings demonstrate that education, livestock number, maize farming experience, perceptions of biological risks and risk-averse nature of the growers significantly encourage the adoption of diversification as a risk management tool while farm size inversely affects the adoption of diversification. Similarly, in the adoption equation of credit, maize farming experience, farm size, perceptions of price and biological risks and risk attitude of farmers significantly enhance the chances of adopting agricultural credit to manage farm risks. These findings are important for the relevant stakeholders who seek to offer carefully designed risk minimizing options to the maize farmers.  相似文献   

TaABI19 positively regulates grain development in wheat          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Yun-chuan  WANG Xiao-lu  HAO Chen-yang  IRSHAD Ahsan  LI Tian  LIU Hong-xia  HOU Jian  ZHANG Xue-yong 《农业科学学报》2023,22(1):41-51

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Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women from Multan,Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

M. M. Nazir  M. Akhtar  A. Maqbool  A. Waheed  M. A. Sajid  M. A. Ali  M. Oneeb  M. A. Alam  A. N. Ahmad  N. Nazir  S. Fatima  D. S. Lindsay 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(7):537-542

Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in humans and warm‐blooded animals. Maternal infections during pregnancy may have devastating consequences for transplacentally infected neonates. This study was conducted to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in pregnant women of childbearing age and determine risk factors associated with pregnancy history, pet ownership, social and cultural factors at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Samples were collected from 403 women and examined using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii was 17.6% (71) in the 403 samples collected from women. Antibodies to T. gondii were present in 19.4% (45) of 232 pregnant women and 15.2% (26) of the samples from 171 non‐pregnant women. This study identified miscarriage history, pet ownership, type of residence, marital status, source of drinking water and eating habits as significant (P < 0.05) risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to T. gondii infection. Seroprevalence was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in women from different ethnic groups based upon lifestyle and culture.  相似文献