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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Alba Valéria da Silva Pereira Ricardo Brainer Martins Sami Jorge Michereff Marcelo Bezerra da Silva Marcos Paz Saraiva Camara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(4):489-498
Stem rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an important postharvest disease of papaya in Brazil, responsible for reducing the quality and quantity of fruits. Fungicide
use is one of the main disease management measures. However, there are no estimates available of pathogen sensitivity to commonly
employed fungicides. Therefore, the EC50 from 120 isolates of L. theobromae from northeastern Brazil, representative of six populations of the pathogen, was estimated in vitro for fungicides of the
methyl benzimidazole carbamates—MBC (benomyl and thiabendazole) and demethylation-inhibiting—DMI (imazalil, prochloraz, tebuconazole)
groups. Mycelial growth on fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits of the MBC-sensitive and non-sensitive isolates
were compared. For MBCs, 8.4% of isolates were non-sensitive to fungicides. For the remaining 91.6%, the mean EC50 ranged from 0.002 to 0.13 μg ml−1 and 0.36 to 1.27 μg ml−1 for benomyl and thiabendazole, respectively. For DMIs, the mean EC50 range for imazalil was 0.001 to 2.27 μg ml−1, 0.04 to 1.75 μg ml−1 for prochloraz, and 0.14 to 4.05 μg ml−1 for tebuconazole. The EC50 values of non-sensitive isolates were significantly (P≤0.05) higher those for the sensitive isolates for each of the DMI fungicides. Differences (P≤0.05) were found in the levels of sensitivity to DMI fungicides among the isolate populations associated with orchards. The
populations from two orchards were less sensitive to DMIs. No solid evidence was found for fitness costs relating to MBC non-sensitive
isolates because mycelial growth in fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits were similar to those of sensitive
isolates. 相似文献
12.
13.
Anadón A Martínez MA Martínez M Ríos A Caballero V Ares I Martínez-Larrañaga MR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(22):11049-11056
Chickens were used to investigate plasma disposition of florfenicol after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral dose (20 mg kg-1 body weight) and to study residue depletion of florfenicol and its major metabolite florfenicol-amine after multiple oral doses (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days). Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. After i.v. and oral administration, plasma concentration-time curves were best described by a two-compartment open model. The mean [ +/- standard deviation (SD)] elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of florfenicol in plasma was 7.90 +/- 0.48 and 8.34 +/- 0.64 h after i.v. and oral administration, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration was 10.23 +/- 1.67 microg mL-1, and the interval from oral administration until maximal concentration was 0.63 +/- 0.07 h. Oral bioavailability was found to be 87 +/- 16%. Florfenicol was converted to florfenicol-amine. After multiple oral dose (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days), in kidney and liver, concentrations of florfenicol (119.34 +/- 31.81 and 817.34 +/- 91.65 microg kg-1, respectively) and florfenicol-amine (60.67 +/- 13.05 and 48.50 +/- 13.07 microg kg-1, respectively) persisted for 7 days. The prolonged presence of residues of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in edible tissues can play an important role in human food safety, because the compounds could give rise to a possible health risk. A withdrawal time of 6 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of florfenicol were less than the maximal residue limits or tolerance established by the European Union. 相似文献
14.
José M. Molleda Isabel Cervantes Alba Galán Rodrigo Tardón† José M. Gallardo‡ Eva M. Martín-Suárez 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(S1):2-7
Purpose: To describe the protocol and appearance of fluorescein angiography (FA) in normal horses.
Animals: A total of 25 healthy horses aged between 5 and 15 years.
Materials and Methods: The horses were sedated with 15 µg/kg detomidine and 50 µg/kg butorphanol and dilated with topical tropicamide 1%. All angiograms were recorded after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mg/kg of fluorescein sodium solution.
Results: Two successive angiographic phases could be discerned: the choriopapillary phase, starting at 46.95 ± 9.48 s, and the retinal vascular phase, starting at 47.79 ± 10.38 s. The retinal vascular phase was divided in three parts: filling phase , maximum fluorescence point , and fading phase . During the filling phase, the dye progressed into the retinal vessels, obtaining maximum fluorescence at 59.79 ± 10.39 s, termed the maximum fluorescence point. The fading phase started immediately following the maximum fluorescence point. During this phase, vascular fluorescence decreased to complete reduction at 74.76 ± 9.81 s. Also, areas of delayed choroidal filling, the presence of short retinal vessels in the ventral region of the optic disc, and a particular filling of the optic disc were also observed.
Conclusions: The normal angiographic sequence was described in horses. FA may be a useful method for studying the integrity of the blood–retinal barriers in horses. 相似文献
Animals: A total of 25 healthy horses aged between 5 and 15 years.
Materials and Methods: The horses were sedated with 15 µg/kg detomidine and 50 µg/kg butorphanol and dilated with topical tropicamide 1%. All angiograms were recorded after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mg/kg of fluorescein sodium solution.
Results: Two successive angiographic phases could be discerned: the choriopapillary phase, starting at 46.95 ± 9.48 s, and the retinal vascular phase, starting at 47.79 ± 10.38 s. The retinal vascular phase was divided in three parts: filling phase , maximum fluorescence point , and fading phase . During the filling phase, the dye progressed into the retinal vessels, obtaining maximum fluorescence at 59.79 ± 10.39 s, termed the maximum fluorescence point. The fading phase started immediately following the maximum fluorescence point. During this phase, vascular fluorescence decreased to complete reduction at 74.76 ± 9.81 s. Also, areas of delayed choroidal filling, the presence of short retinal vessels in the ventral region of the optic disc, and a particular filling of the optic disc were also observed.
Conclusions: The normal angiographic sequence was described in horses. FA may be a useful method for studying the integrity of the blood–retinal barriers in horses. 相似文献
15.
Galvez J de Souza Gracioso J Camuesco D Galvez J Vilegas W Monteiro Souza Brito AR Zarzuelo A 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(7-8):515-520
Turnera ulmifolia is a plant popularly known in Brazil and South America as chanana. Some species of Turnera are widely used in folk medicine for different types of inflammatory diseases. In this study, the preventive intestinal antiinflammatory activity of a lyophilized infusion obtained from the aerial parts of T. ulmifolia was tested in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. The results obtained revealed that pretreatment to colitic rats with the extract, at 250 and 500 mg/kg, significantly attenuated the colonic damage induced by TNBS. This beneficial effect was associated with an improvement in the colonic oxidative status, since the infusion prevented the glutathione depletion that occurred as a consequence of the colonic inflammation. On the other hand, this antioxidant activity was confirmed in in vitro studies. In conclusion, the preventive effect exerted by the lyophilized infusion of T. ulmifolia in the TNBS model of rat colitis is probably related to its antioxidant properties, due to its flavonoids content. 相似文献
16.
Custódio L Escapa AL Fernandes E Fajardo A Aligué R Alberício F Neng N Nogueira JM Romano A 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(1):78-84
This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol
extracts of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) germ flour. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, had considerable antioxidant activity, and reduced the viability
of cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. The chemical content and the biological activities of the extracts were significantly affected
by gender and cultivar. Female cultivar Galhosa had the highest levels of phenolic compounds, and the highest antioxidant
activity. Extracts from the hermaphrodite trees and from the female cultivars Galhosa and Costela/Canela exhibited the highest
cytotoxic activity. The most abundant compound was theophylline. The phenolic content was correlated to both antioxidant and
cytotoxic activities. Our findings provide new knowledge about the health implications of consuming food supplemented with
carob germ flour. 相似文献
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18.
Allepuz A Casal J Napp S Saez M Alba A Vilar M Domingo M González MA Duran-Ferrer M Vicente J Alvarez J Muñoz M Saez JL 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,100(1):441-52
In this study we explored the spatial variation of Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) risk of being positive, new positive or persistently positive, as well as the risk of eliminating BTB in positive herds throughout Spain from 2006 to 2009 by means of hierarchical Bayesian models. The results of the models showed that the risk of infection (positive or new positive herds), persistence and elimination was lower in counties located in north and north-eastern of Spain, and in the Balearic and Canary islands than in the rest of the country. In some counties the risk of positivity was high during the four years of study, whereas there were others where the risk of positivity was high only in some of the years. With regard to the risk of persistence of BTB positive herds, counties located in the central, western and south-western part of the country had a higher risk in the three studied periods. This study has identified some specific areas of increased BTB risk in Spain, information that is useful for disease management. 相似文献
19.
Alba González-Costa Raquel Fernández-Gago Sofía Carid Pilar Molist 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(4):502-510
The development of the epidermis of octopus, Octopus vulgaris, throughout its life cycle was studied by conventional staining and histochemical techniques using lectins. The mantle, the arm and the two parts of the suckers: the infundibulum and the acetabulum were analysed independently. With the exception of the suckers, the general morphology of the epidermis does not vary from the first days post-hatching to adulthood. In general terms, histochemical techniques do not indicate changes in the composition of glycoconjugates of the epidermis main cells, epithelial and secretory cells. The epithelial cells of the mantle and arm show positivity for mannose (ConA+) in their apical portions, indicating the presence of n-glycoproteins that, among other things, provide lubrication to the surface of the body. In the suckers, the apical surface of the infundibulum contains sulphated glycosaminoglycans of the N-acetylglucosamine type that provide adhesive properties. In addition to observing three types of mucocytes, m1 and m2 are characteristic of the mantle and arm, and m3 is found in the suckers. The paralarva epidermis is characterised by the presence of Kölliker's organs whose exact function is unknown. In this study, the absence of staining with alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff(AB/PAS) prevents the possibility of attributing a secretory function. Nevertheless, the linkage of three lectins (WGA, LEL and GSL-I) in the fascicle of the organ suggests the presence of proteoglycans rich in N-acetylglucosamine that would mainly have a structural role. 相似文献
20.