Vernonia polyanthes as a new source of antiulcer drugs     

Barbastefano V  Cola M  Luiz-Ferreira A  Farias-Silva E  Hiruma-Lima CA  Rinaldo D  Vilegas W  Souza-Brito AR 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(7-8):545-551

Methanolic (VPME) and chloroformic (VPCL) extracts, obtained from the aerial parts of Vernonia polyanthes, were investigated for its antiulcerogenic properties. Administration of VPME (250 mg/kg) and VPCL (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the gastric mucosa damage (64% and 90%, respectively) caused by absolute ethanol (p.o.). Otherwise, in NSAID-induced gastric damage, their gastroprotective effects have decreased. Since the VPCL extract resulted to be more effective than the VPME we focused our efforts over VPCL action mechanism of action.  相似文献   

Aluminum stress stimulates the accumulation of organic acids in root apices of Brachiaria species     

Peter Wenzl  Alba L. Chaves  Gloria M. Patio  Jorge E. Mayer  Idupulapati M. Rao 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(5):582-588

Aluminum‐resistant Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk (signalgrass) and closely related, but less resistant Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard cv. Common (ruzigrass) both accumulated high concentrations of aluminum (Al) in roots. Approximately two thirds of the total Al was complexed by soluble low‐molecular‐weight ligands, suggesting that it had been taken up into the symplasm. We therefore investigated whether these species might employ Al‐chelating organic acids for internal detoxification of Al taken up by root apices, the primary site of Al injury. Unlike root apices of other Al‐resistant plant genotypes, which secrete organic‐acid anions to detoxify Al externally, apices of Brachiaria species accumulated organic acids within the tissue. A comparison with whole roots showed that this preference for accumulation (as opposed to secretion) was restricted to apices. Citric acid, and to a lesser extent trans‐aconitic acid, accumulated in a uniform dose‐dependent manner in root apices of both species as their Al content increased under Al‐toxic growth conditions. Their accumulation was accompanied by a stimulation of malate synthesis in Al‐resistant B. decumbens, while it occurred at the expense of malate in Al‐sensitive B. ruziziensis. These data suggest a role of organic acids in the internal detoxification of Al in root apices of both Brachiaria species, presumably contributing to their comparatively high basal level of Al resistance. Yet internal detoxification of Al by organic acids does not appear to be the principal mechanism responsible for the superior resistance of B. decumbens.  相似文献   

The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments     

Flaviana Di Lorenzo  Francesca Crisafi  Violetta La Cono  Michail M. Yakimov  Antonio Molinaro  Alba Silipo 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membrane fluidity even at particularly low temperatures. In particular, the LPS’ glycolipid moiety, the lipid A, typically undergoes several structural modifications comprising desaturation of the acyl chains, reduction in their length and increase in their branching. The investigation of the structure of the lipid A from cold-adapted bacteria is, therefore, crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the cold adaptation phenomenon. Here we describe the structural elucidation of the highly heterogenous lipid A from three psychrophiles isolated from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. All the lipid A structures have been determined by merging data that was attained from the compositional analysis with information from a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS² investigation. As lipid A is also involved in a structure-dependent elicitation of innate immune response in mammals, the structural characterization of lipid A from such extremophile bacteria is also of great interest from the perspective of drug synthesis and development inspired by natural sources.  相似文献   

Geographical Patterns of Variation in Bari Faba Bean Germplasm Collection     

G. B. Polignano  E. Alba  P. Uggenti  G. Scippa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1999,46(2):183-192

A large collection of great interest and usefulness for faba bean breeding has been assembled at the Bari Germplasm Institute. Our objective was to describe the phenotypic diversity of a large sample (1565 entries from 39 countries) of this collection. Entries were characterized for 10 discontinuous traits to determine variation within and among geographical regions. Phenotypic variation was found within all regions for most traits. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index varied widely across regions, but was relatively even for most traits scored. Canonical discriminant analysis and clustering of the canonical means conducted separately for each botanical type, revealed useful phenotypic groupings of origin for future faba bean germplasm management. Based on the diversity and number of entries, East Europe, South-East Asia and North America seem under represented in the collection while South America is not represented at all. Information presented in this study could be used to devise a core collection, which would contain much of the diversity found in the Bari collection.  相似文献   

Analyses of genetic diversity in Cuban rice varieties using isozyme, RAPD and AFLP markers     

Jorge Luis Fuentes  Fabio Escobar  Alba Alvarez  Geraldo Gallego  Miriam Cristina Duque  Mirle Ferrer  Juan Enrrique Deus  Joe M. Tohme 《Euphytica》1999,109(2):107-115

A survey of the genetic diversity among the major cuban rice cultivars was conducted using isozyme, RAPD and AFLP markers. Polymorphisms were detected for esterases, peroxidases, alcohol dehydrogenases and polyphenoloxidases systems; 21 RAPD primers and four AFLP primer combinations. Heterozygosity arithmetic mean value (H_av(p)), the effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and the marker index (MI), were calculated for isozyme, RAPD and AFLP markers. The mean value of genetic similarity among the different varieties was 0.92 for isozyme, 0.73 for RAPD and 0.58 for AFLP analyses. Thus, AFLP were able to detect polymorphisms with higher efficiency than RAPD (+15%) and isozyme (+34%). Data from the isozyme, RAPD and AFLP analyses were used to compute matrices of genetic similarities. The efficiency of the UPGMA for the estimation of genetic relatedness among varieties was supported by cophenetic correlation coefficients. The resulting values indicated that the distortion level for the estimated similarities was minimal. The correlation coefficients obtained by the Mantel matrix correspondence test, which was used to compare the cophenetic matrices for the different markers, showed that estimated values of genetic relationship given for isozyme and RAPD markers (r = 0.89), as well as for AFLP and RAPD markers (r = 0.82) were properly related. However, AFLP and isozyme data showed only moderate correlation (r = 0.63). Although the genetic variability found among the different cultivars was low, both RAPD and AFLP markers proved to be efficient tools in assessing the genetic diversity of rice genotypes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

SSR-based identification key of cultivars of Olea europaea L. diffused in Southern-Italy     

Vittorio Alba  Cinzia Montemurro  Wilma Sabetta  Antonella Pasqualone  Antonio Blanco 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,123(1):11-16

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an important fruit species in Italy and Mediterranean basin constituted by a wide germplasm with a large number of cultivars present in all the Mediterranean area. SSRs are becoming the markers of choice for variability studies in olives as they are simple to perform, transferable, hypervariable, highly polymorphic and show a high information content.Olive genetic diversity was studied using 16 SSR markers on 30 cultivars diffused in Southern-Italy. Resolving Power (RP) and Power of Discrimination (PD) were calculated to evaluate the efficiency of the SSR markers investigated in studies of cultivars fingerprinting. Based on their high efficiency, two SSR markers, UDO43 and DCA16 were chosen to set up an identification key to distinguish the entire set of cultivars, confirming the high biodiversity of the Southern-Italian olive germplasm and the suitability of SSR markers in studies of cultivar diagnosis.  相似文献   

Diversity of soil-dwelling Trichoderma in Colombia and their potential as biocontrol agents against the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary     

Alexander Smith  Camilo A. Beltrán  Manabu Kusunoki  Alba M. Cotes  Keiichi Motohashi  Takumasa Kondo  Michihito Deguchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):74-85

Twenty-one isolates of Trichoderma spp. were collected from eight states in Colombia and characterized based on the 5′ end of the translation elongation factor-1α (EF1-α1) gene and RNA polymerase II gene encoding the second largest protein subunit (RPB2) by using mixed primers. Seven species of soil-dwelling Trichoderma were found: T. atroviride, T. koningiopsis, T. asperellum, T. spirale, T. harzianum, T. brevicompactum and T. longibrachiatum. Species identifications based on the EF1-α1 gene were consistent with those obtained from the RPB2 gene. Phylogenetic analyses with high bootstrap values supported the validity of the identification of all isolates. These results suggest that using the combination of the genes EF1-α1 and RPB2 is highly reliable for molecular characterization of Trichoderma species. Trichoderma asperellum Th034, T. atroviride Th002 and T. harzianum Th203 prevented germination of more than 70 % of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in bioassay tests and are promising biological control agents. No relationship between mycelium growth rate and parasitism level was found.  相似文献   

Assessing the Oxidative Stress Induced by Paracetamol Spiked in Artificial Sediment on Hyalella azteca     

Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván  Nadia Neri-Cruz  Marcela Galar-Martínez  Patricia Vieyra-Reyes  Sandra García-Medina  Celene Razo-Estrada  Octavio Dublán-García  Alba Yadira Corral-Avitia 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):5097-5104

Paracetamol is an antipyretic analgesic widely used globally. It has been recurrently found in water bodies and is known to elicit toxic effects in aquatic species; however, its potential ability to induce oxidative stress in sentinel species remains unknown The objective was to establish a methodology to evaluate the toxicity elicited on the sentinel species Hyalella azteca by paracetamol-enriched sediment using oxidative stress tests. Concentrations used in assays were determined using the previously obtained median lethal concentration (72?h LC₅₀). The following oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated: lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) in order to determine oxidized protein content, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). LPO and PCC increased significantly while SOD, CAT, and GPX decreased significantly (p?<?0.05) with respect to controls. Paracetamol induces oxidative stress on H. azteca, and the set of tests employed is helpful in evaluating the toxicity of this group of pharmaceuticals on aquatic species.  相似文献   

Analysis of micronutrients in olive pollen     

F. Alba  L. Romero  C. Díaz de la Guardia  F. Valle 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2247-2259

The micronutrient content [iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B)] of olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen grains from different sites is studied by means of spectrophotometry and atomic absorption techniques. We compared pollen samples collected from organic olive crops (B1, B2, and B3), cultivated without the use of mineral‐based fertilizers, phytosanitary products or herbicides with samples obtained from crops which had undergone extensive chemical treatment (T1, T2, T3, and T4). The micronutrients detected in the pollen grains analyzed show that large quantities of such chemical products are absorbed by the plant. The importance of Fe should be stressed, since in one of the chemically‐treated samples (T3) levels of 1,484 μg/g dry weight were found to have been incorporated into the structure, while in the control samples the equivalent concentrations ranged between 96 and 450 μg/g dry weight. Similarly, Cu was found to have been easily assimilated by populations which had received extensive Cu‐based foliar treatments.  相似文献   

Assessing the effectiveness of restoration actions for Bryozoans: The case of the Mediterranean Pentapora fascialis     

Marta Pags‐Escol  Cristina Linares  Daniel Gmez‐Gras  Alba Medrano  Bernat Hereu 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(1):8-19

1. Marine ecosystems are highly affected by several human stressors. In this context, beyond passive restoration measures such as the creation of marine protected areas, it is urgent that we explore active restoration measures to enhance and accelerate the recovery of sessile marine species.
2. Bryozoans are among the most common sessile invertebrates in rocky bottom ecosystems and are considered habitat‐forming species that are highly vulnerable to physical disturbances, such as recreational diving, ghost fishing nets, and global warming, which makes them highly vulnerable to other impacts. Despite their ecological importance and vulnerability, to date restoration actions for bryozoans have rarely been explored.
3. In this study, different restoration techniques were developed and tested, with a focus on two types of effective methodologies previously applied to other marine invertebrates: recruitment enhancement and the transplantation of adult colonies, in both cases using the Mediterranean bryozoan Pentapora fascialis as a model species.
4. First, different types of artificial surfaces were installed in different coralligenous habitats to test the enhancement of recruitment, concluding that plastic grids are the best substrate in terms of facilitating the recruitment of new bryozoan colonies.
5. Second, different methodologies were tested for adult transplantation. The most successful was to fix colonies to a suitable substrate with a nylon thread attached to the colony ex situ (i.e. on the boat).
6. Using this technique a trial restoration programme was undertaken, involving transplanting adult colonies collected from a ghost fishing net trapped on the bottom, which showed a high survival rate of ~50% after 6 months.
7. The low economic cost of the implementation of the proposed techniques as well as the successful results obtained highlight the viability of restoring bryozoan populations over long temporal and spatial scales.

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