The genome of the kinetoplastid parasite, Leishmania major     

Ivens AC  Peacock CS  Worthey EA  Murphy L  Aggarwal G  Berriman M  Sisk E  Rajandream MA  Adlem E  Aert R  Anupama A  Apostolou Z  Attipoe P  Bason N  Bauser C  Beck A  Beverley SM  Bianchettin G  Borzym K  Bothe G  Bruschi CV  Collins M  Cadag E  Ciarloni L  Clayton C  Coulson RM  Cronin A  Cruz AK  Davies RM  De Gaudenzi J  Dobson DE  Duesterhoeft A  Fazelina G  Fosker N  Frasch AC  Fraser A  Fuchs M  Gabel C  Goble A  Goffeau A  Harris D  Hertz-Fowler C  Hilbert H  Horn D  Huang Y  Klages S  Knights A  Kube M  Larke N  Litvin L  Lord A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):436-442

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Selection of parents on the basis of components of yield     

Robert Plaisted  Alberto Cubillos 《American Journal of Potato Research》1972,49(5):182-186

Parents selected on the basis of large numbers of tubers greater than 21/4″ or large size of tubers greater than 21/4″ did not produce progenies that were any higher yielding than selecting parents for high yield without regard to the components. It was possible to increase the average size of tubers of the progenies by selecting for large size of tubers in at least one of the parents.  相似文献   

Anti-phytopathogenic activities of macro-algae extracts     

Jiménez E  Dorta F  Medina C  Ramírez A  Ramírez I  Peña-Cortés H 《Marine drugs》2011,9(5):739-756

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from nine Chilean marine macro-algae collected at different seasons were examined in vitro and in vivo for properties that reduce the growth of plant pathogens or decrease the injury severity of plant foliar tissues following pathogen infection. Particular crude aqueous or organic extracts showed effects on the growth of pathogenic bacteria whereas others displayed important effects against pathogenic fungi or viruses, either by inhibiting fungal mycelia growth or by reducing the disease symptoms in leaves caused by pathogen challenge. Organic extracts obtained from the brown-alga Lessonia trabeculata inhibited bacterial growth and reduced both the number and size of the necrotic lesion in tomato leaves following infection with Botrytis cinerea. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the red-alga Gracillaria chilensis prevent the growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi, showing a response which depends on doses and collecting-time. Similarly, aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the brown-alga Durvillaea antarctica were able to diminish the damage caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco leaves, and the aqueous procedure is, in addition, more effective and seasonally independent. These results suggest that macro-algae contain compounds with different chemical properties which could be considered for controlling specific plant pathogens.  相似文献   

Grass-induced changes in properties of soils in urban green areas with emphasis on mobility of metals     

Jose Alberto Acosta  Angel Faz  Silvia Martínez-Martínez  Joselito Modancia Arocena 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(4):819-828

Purpose

Green areas in urban parks are special ecosystems because of social and ecological benefits.

Materials and methods

We investigated the ecological impacts of green spaces by comparing the properties of soils, with emphasis on metals, in green spaces and bare soil playgrounds in four urban parks in Murcia City (SE Spain).

Results and discussion

Organic matter (OM) contents in green areas are higher than playground soils due to litter decomposition from grass. Cation exchange capacity in green areas ranged from 10 to 14 compared to 2 cmol₊kg^?1 in playground soils, showing the effect of OM (and clay) contents in green areas due to the presence of vegetation. Soil total metal contents in urban parks are below the environmental threshold values for soils in Spain and other European countries, and come from atmospheric deposition and fertilizers application. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable soil Cd in green areas (4% of total Cd) is lower than in playground soils (58% of total Cd). We attributed the reduced DTPA- and water-extractable Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, and Mo to the formation of stable complexes between metals and OM produced from the continued decomposition of roots of grasses in green spaces.

Conclusions

Grasses accumulate less metal than soils except in roots where Cr and Zn are higher than soils by as much as 31 and 17%, respectively. We conclude that grasses increased (up to 8×) soil OM content in green areas to significantly increase the ability of soils to accumulate nutrients for plants, and to retain and reduce the mobility and toxicity of metals in soils in urban parks.  相似文献   

Effect of High‐Pressure Processing on the Features of Wheat Milling By‐products     

Alessandra Marti  Alberto Barbiroli  Francesco Bonomi  Andrea Brutti  Stefania Iametti  Mauro Marengo  Matteo Miriani  Maria Ambrogina Pagani 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(4):318-320

The ability of high hydrostatic pressure processing to promote changes in both the structural properties of fiber and the interaction of fiber with water were addressed. Both coarse and fine bran from milling of common wheat were considered. Treatment‐induced morphological changes were most pronounced in fine bran, whereas treatment of coarse bran resulted in the largest change in water‐holding capacity. The significance of the process‐induced changes is discussed in terms of their practical relevance in the production of fiber‐enriched foods.  相似文献   

Genetic and environmental factors affecting allergen-related gene expression in apple fruit (Malus domestica L. Borkh)     

Botton A  Lezzer P  Dorigoni A  Barcaccia G  Ruperti B  Ramina A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6707-6716

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Efficiency of DNA typing methods for detection of smoked paprika "pimenton de la vera" adulteration used in the elaboration of dry-cured Iberian pork sausages     

Hernández A  Aranda E  Martín A  Benito MJ  Bartolomé T  de Gúa Córdoba M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):11688-11694

The purpose of this work was to develop a PCR method for the identification of smoked paprika "Pimento?n de la Vera" adulteration with paprika elaborated from varieties of pepper foreign to the la Vera region, in central western Spain. Three autochthonous varieties of pepper, Jaranda, Jariza, and Bola, and the varieties Papri Queen, Papri King, Sonora, PS9794, and Papri Ace, foreign to the La Vera region, were used in the study. Analyses of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA, RAPD-PCR, SSR, and ISSR were tested. RAPD-PCR, SSR, and ISSR analyses allowed differentiation among the varieties of paprika analyzed. There was no difference in the sequence of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2. In addition, with the RAPD-PCR primers S13 and S22, two molecular markers were obtained of 641 and 704 bp, respectively, which allowed all of the smoked paprika varieties to be differentiated from paprikas elaborated with the five foreign varieties. These two molecular markers were investigated as a basis for detecting the adulteration of smoked paprika with paprika elaborated from foreign varieties of pepper.  相似文献   

Ultrafast laser-driven microlens to focus and energy-select mega-electron volt protons     

Toncian T  Borghesi M  Fuchs J  d'Humières E  Antici P  Audebert P  Brambrink E  Cecchetti CA  Pipahl A  Romagnani L  Willi O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5772):410-413

We present a technique for simultaneous focusing and energy selection of high-current, mega-electron volt proton beams with the use of radial, transient electric fields (10(7) to 10(10) volts per meter) triggered on the inner walls of a hollow microcylinder by an intense subpicosecond laser pulse. Because of the transient nature of the focusing fields, the proposed method allows selection of a desired range out of the spectrum of the polyenergetic proton beam. This technique addresses current drawbacks of laser-accelerated proton beams, such as their broad spectrum and divergence at the source.  相似文献   

Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of benzoxazinones, their degradation products, and analogues. Phytotoxicity on problematic weeds Avena fatua L. and Lolium rigidum Gaud     

Macías FA  Marín D  Oliveros-Bastidas A  Castellano D  Simonet AM  Molinillo JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1040-1048

Avena fatua L. (wild oat) and Lolium rigidum Gaud. (rigid ryegrass) are highly problematic weeds affecting a wide variety of cereal crops worldwide. The fact that both of these weeds have developed resistance to several herbicide groups made them optimal candidates as target organisms for ongoing research about the potential application of allelochemicals and analogue compounds as natural herbicide models. Benzoxazinones, a family of natural allelochemicals present in corn, wheat, and rye, including 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, together with some degradation products, found in crop soils as well as in other systems, and some synthetic analogues of them were tested on wild oat and rigid ryegrass seeds; the results were statistically treated, and some structure-activity relationships, useful in further development of natural herbicide models, were elucidated. The most active compounds were the synthetic benzoxazinone 2-acetoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one and the degradation product 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one, with highly significant inhibition on the development of both weeds. The ecological role of these compounds is discussed by considering both degradability and phytotoxicity. The bioactivity of aminophenoxazines has been correlated by their aqueous solubility-lipophilicity predicted by means of computational methods.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on Pedilanthus tithymaloides     

Vidotti GJ  Zimmermann A  Sarragiotto MH  Nakamura CV  Dias Filho BP 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(1):43-46

The antibacterial and antifungal properties of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Pedilanthus tithymaloides and some of its constituents were investigated by the dilution method.  相似文献