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11.
Proline and light as quality enhancers of rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) grown under saline conditions
Giancarlo Barbieri Antonella BottinoEmilio Di Stasio Simona ValloneAlbino Maggio 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Stress conditions experienced during growth may affect plant responses during post-harvest storage and eventually determine the overall quality of commercial products. In this context, we hypothesized that foliar applications of proline during the growth cycle and light exposure during post-harvest storage could be two important modulators of yield and quality parameters of rocket plants exposed to NaCl stress. Dry matter percentage increased upon NaCl treatment. However, fresh weight loss during storage did not change over time as a consequence of salt stress. High salinity (100 mM NaCl) moderately reduced both leaf nitrate (14%) and nitrite (3%) contents. Lipophilic (LAC) and hydrophilic (HAC) antioxidant activities also decreased by 10% at the highest salinization (average of two growth cycles). In contrast, during storage, LAC decreased whereas HAC increased. Proline applications reduced the leaf nitrate content during storage by 16%, increased carotenoids and chlorophyll contents in salinized plants and also increased the ascorbate leaf concentration in both salinized and non-salinzed plants. Light storage enhanced fresh weight loss in contrast to dark storage. However the exposure to light reduced leaf nitrate levels by 7% (average of two growth cycles) and contributed to maintain high leaf ascorbate concentrations over time. 相似文献
12.
Maria Teresa Melillo Paola Leonetti Antonella Leone Pasqua Veronico Teresa Bleve-Zacheo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(4):489-502
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be an essential regulatory molecule in plant response to pathogen infection in synergy
with reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the present, nothing is known about the role of NO in disease resistance to nematode
infection. We used a resistant tomato cultivar with different sensitivity to avirulent and virulent populations of the root-knot
nematode Meloidogyne incognita to investigate the key components involved in oxidative and nitrosative metabolism. We analyzed the superoxide radical production,
hydrogen peroxide content, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase activities, as potential sources of
NO. A rapid NO accumulation and ROS production were found at 12 h after infection in compatible and incompatible tomato-nematode
interactions, whereas the amount of NO and ROS gave different results 24 and 48 h after infection amongst compatible and incompatible
interactions. NOS-like arginine-dependent enzyme rather than nitrate reductase was the main source of NO production, and NOS-like
activity increased substantially in the incompatible interaction. We can envisage a functional overlap of both NO and ROS
in tomato defence response to nematode invasion, NO and H2O2 cooperating in triggering hypersensitive cell death. Therefore, NO and ROS are key molecules which may help to orchestrate
events following nematode challenge, and which may influence the host cellular metabolism. 相似文献
13.
Calucci L Capocchi A Galleschi L Ghiringhelli S Pinzino C Saviozzi F Zandomeneghi M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(13):4274-4281
Seeds of bread wheat were incubated at 40 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 0, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days. The effects of accelerated aging on seed germinability and some biochemical properties of flour (carotenoid, free radical, and protein contents and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were investigated. Seed germinability decreased during aging, resulting in seed death after 10 days. A progressive decrease of carotenoid content, in particular, lutein, was observed, prolonging the incubation, whereas the free radical content increased in both flour and gluten. A degradation of soluble and storage proteins was found, associated with a marked increase of proteolytic activity and a loss of viscoelastic properties of gluten. On the contrary, puroindolines were quite resistant to the treatment. The results are discussed in comparison with those previously obtained during accelerated aging of durum wheat seeds. 相似文献
14.
Mutinelli F Vercelli A Carminato A Luchesa L Pasolli C Cova M Marchioro W Melchiotti E Vascellari M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(4):527-529
A free-living European red deer calf (Cervus elaphus) was euthanized due to bilateral microphthalmia. Lens was missing, replaced by proliferating squamous epithelial cells; hyperplastic squamous cells, sebaceous and mucinous glands were observed within the cornea with the characteristics of inclusion cyst. Findings were consistent with congenital microphthalmia/aphakia, with multiple eye abnormalities. 相似文献
15.
Antonella Leone Raffaella Marina Lecci Miriana Durante Stefano Piraino 《Marine drugs》2013,11(5):1728-1762
On a global scale, jellyfish populations in coastal marine ecosystems exhibit increasing trends of abundance. High-density outbreaks may directly or indirectly affect human economical and recreational activities, as well as public health. As the interest in biology of marine jellyfish grows, a number of jellyfish metabolites with healthy potential, such as anticancer or antioxidant activities, is increasingly reported. In this study, the Mediterranean “fried egg jellyfish” Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) has been targeted in the search forputative valuable bioactive compounds. A medusa extract was obtained, fractionated, characterized by HPLC, GC-MS and SDS-PAGE and assayed for its biological activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). The composition of the jellyfish extract included photosynthetic pigments, valuable ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, and polypeptides derived either from jellyfish tissues and their algal symbionts. Extract fractions showed antioxidant activity and the ability to affect cell viability and intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJIC) differentially in MCF-7and HEKa cells. A significantly higher cytotoxicity and GJIC enhancement in MCF-7 compared to HEKa cells was recorded. A putative action mechanism for the anticancer bioactivity through the modulation of GJIC has been hypothesized and its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential was discussed. 相似文献
16.
Laus F Preziuso S Spaterna A Beribè F Tesei B Cuteri V 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2007,30(4):247-260
An outbreak of strangle-like disease involving 26 horses farmed in central Italy was investigated by clinic examination, endoscopy, cytology, bacteriology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At weekly interval, a total of three nasal swabs and one guttural pouches lavage fluid (GPLF) were collected, and no Streptococcus equi subsp. equi carrier was found. Some horses showed upper airways disease and endoscopic signs of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia of different grade and/or abnormal endoscopic appearance of guttural pouches. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis was isolated from 14 horses while S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from six horses. PCR confirmed the biochemical and serological identification of all isolates and was positive in 10 bacteriological negative samples. The absence of S. equi and the frequent detection of S. equisimilis and S. zooepidemicus suggest that beta-haemolytic streptococci other than S. equi could be the causative agent of strangle-like disease. 相似文献
17.
Bonazzi M Volta A Gnudi G Bottarelli E Gazzola M Bertoni G 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2007,9(5):387-391
The ultrasonographic findings of kidneys, liver and urinary bladder of 288 Persian and 44 Exotic Shorthair clinically normal cats that underwent screening for polycystic kidney disease (PKD) between July 2003 and December 2005 were reviewed. Cats were divided into two groups, one including cats aged <9 months (group 1) and one cats aged >/=9 months (group 2). Cats were classified as PKD-positive when at least one renal cyst was found. One hundred and thirty-six cats (41.0%) had more than one cyst in at least one kidney. The prevalence of PKD was similar in both groups. Eight PKD-positive cats had cystic livers (5.9%). Other renal abnormalities included a pelvic calculus and a medullary rim sign (MRS). The difference in prevalence of an MRS in group 2 compared to group 1 and the difference between PKD-positive and -negative cats in group 2 were not significant. There was no difference in mean kidney length between PKD-positive and -negative cats in group 2. Urinary bladder anomalies were principally represented by urinary sediment, with prevalence significantly higher in group 2. No difference was detected in group 2 between PKD-positive and -negative cats. In conclusion feline PKD is common in Italy. The ultrasonographic findings of MRS and urinary bladder sediment did not correlate with feline PKD. Urinary bladder sediment is common in Persians and Exotic Shorthairs and more likely in adults. 相似文献
18.
19.
Silvia Vezzulli Antonella Vecchione Marco Stefanini Luca Zulini 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(2):485-495
Downy mildew is a major grapevine disease caused by the biotrophic oomycete, Plasmopara viticola. Numerous disease resistance studies of diverse Vitis germplasm have been previously carried out to identify downy mildew resistance sources; however, ratings were mainly reported using leaf disc in vitro testing and foliage field assessment, or upon leaf and cluster field evaluations. In the current study, 28 grapevine hybrid cultivars were screened using leaf disc bioassay, for disease resistance characterization of both existing and wild-collected materials. 16 hybrids were identified as highly resistant or resistant, and will serve as relevant resistance donors in future pre-breeding and breeding programs. All grapevine hybrids were evaluated for foliar and cluster downy mildew resistance in an untreated field trial over three successive years. This study showed that the leaf disc bioassay provided some information on the resistance level of the genotypes under scrutiny, but it was a weak predictor of their resistance level under field conditions on leaves and even more on bunches. These findings are relevant to future applications in both traditional and marker-assisted breeding programs which promote sustainable viticulture. 相似文献
20.
Weak effects of habitat type on susceptibility to invasive freshwater species: an Italian case study
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Angela Boggero Alberto Basset Martina Austoni Enrico Barbone Luca Bartolozzi Isabella Bertani Alessandro Campanaro Antonella Cattaneo Fabio Cianferoni Giuseppe Corriero Ambrosius Martin Dörr A. Concetta Elia Gentile Francesco Ficetola Lyudmila Kamburska Gianandrea La Porta Sara Lauceri Alessandro Ludovisi Elda Gaino Enzo Goretti Massimo Lorenzoni Marina Manca Aldo Marchetto Giuseppe Morabito Francesco Nonnis Marzano Alessandro Oggioni Cataldo Pierri Nicoletta Riccardi Giampaolo Rossetti Nicola Ungaro Pietro Volta Silvia Zaupa Diego Fontaneto 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(6):841-852
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