Adjuvant medical therapy provides no therapeutic benefit in the treatment of dogs with low‐grade mast cell tumours and early nodal metastasis undergoing surgery     

Laura Marconato  Damiano Stefanello  Matti Kiupel  Riccardo Finotello  Gerry Polton  Federico Massari  Roberta Ferrari  Chiara Agnoli  Ombretta Capitani  Chiara Giudice  Luca Aresu  Maria Elisabetta Vasconi  Antonella Rigillo  Silvia Sabattini 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2020,18(3):409-415

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a negative prognostic factor in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours (cMCTs). While elective lymphadenectomy of metastatic LNs improves outcome, the benefit of adjuvant medical therapy in dogs with early metastatic (HN2) LNs is debated. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of adjuvant medical therapy following surgical removal of the primary low‐grade cMCT (Patnaik grade 1‐2 and Kiupel low‐grade) and lymphadenectomy of HN2 LNs by analysing survival rates and patterns of recurrence. Seventy‐three dogs were included: 42 received adjuvant medical treatment (chemotherapy and/or kinase inhibitors), and 31 did not. The median follow‐up time for medically treated dogs was 619 days: two experienced local recurrence, three nodal relapse and four distant relapse. For dogs undergoing surgery only, the median follow‐up time was 545 days. None of them experienced local recurrence, nodal, or distant relapse. Time to progression was significantly shorter in dogs receiving adjuvant medical treatment (P = .021). A similar tendency was observed for overall survival (P = .056). The current study shows that dogs with low‐grade cMCTs, that undergo surgical excision of the primary tumour and elective lymphadenectomy of the HN2 regional LN harbour a good prognosis. The use of adjuvant medical treatment in these dogs does not seem to provide any benefit in terms of progression and survival.  相似文献   

Effect of aqueous and lipophilic mullet (Mugil cephalus) Bottarga extracts on the growth and lipid profile of intestinal Caco-2 cells     

Rosa A  Atzeri A  Deiana M  Melis MP  Loru D  Incani A  Cabboi B  Dessì MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1658-1666

The importance of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake has long been recognized in human nutrition. Although health benefits, n-3 PUFA are subject to rapid and/or extensive oxidation during processing and storage, resulting in potential alteration in nutritional composition and quality of food. Bottarga, a salted and semi-dried mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) ovary product, is proposed as an important source of n-3 PUFA, having high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work, we investigated the extent of lipid oxidation of grated bottarga samples during 7 months of storage at -20 °C and room temperature under light exposure. Cell viability, lipid composition, and lipid peroxidation were measured in intestinal differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers after 6-48 h of incubation with lipid and hydrophilic extracts obtained from bottarga samples at different storage conditions. The storage of bottarga did not affect the n-3 PUFA level, but differences were observed in hydroperoxide levels in samples from different storage conditions. All tested bottarga extracts did not show a toxic effect on cell viability of differentiated Caco-2 cells. Epithelial cells incubated with bottarga oil had significant changes in fatty acid composition but not in cholesterol levels with an accumulation of EPA, DHA, and 22:5. Cell hydroperoxides were higher in treated cells, in relation to the oxidative status of bottarga oil. Moreover, the bottarga lipid extract showed an in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of a colon cancer cell line (undifferentiated Caco-2 cells).  相似文献   

The onset of planet formation in brown dwarf disks     

Apai D  Pascucci I  Bouwman J  Natta A  Henning T  Dullemond CP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5749):834-836

The onset of planet formation in protoplanetary disks is marked by the growth and crystallization of sub-micrometer-sized dust grains accompanied by dust settling toward the disk mid-plane. Here, we present infrared spectra of disks around brown dwarfs and brown dwarf candidates. We show that all three processes occur in such cool disks in a way similar or identical to that in disks around low- and intermediate-mass stars. These results indicate that the onset of planet formation extends to disks around brown dwarfs, suggesting that planet formation is a robust process occurring in most young circumstellar disks.  相似文献   

TMEM16A, a membrane protein associated with calcium-dependent chloride channel activity     

Caputo A  Caci E  Ferrera L  Pedemonte N  Barsanti C  Sondo E  Pfeffer U  Ravazzolo R  Zegarra-Moran O  Galietta LJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5901):590-594

Calcium-dependent chloride channels are required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability. The molecular identity of these membrane proteins is still unclear. Treatment of bronchial epithelial cells with interleukin-4 (IL-4) causes increased calcium-dependent chloride channel activity, presumably by regulating expression of the corresponding genes. We performed a global gene expression analysis to identify membrane proteins that are regulated by IL-4. Transfection of epithelial cells with specific small interfering RNA against each of these proteins shows that TMEM16A, a member of a family of putative plasma membrane proteins with unknown function, is associated with calcium-dependent chloride current, as measured with halide-sensitive fluorescent proteins, short-circuit current, and patch-clamp techniques. Our results indicate that TMEM16A is an intrinsic constituent of the calcium-dependent chloride channel. Identification of a previously unknown family of membrane proteins associated with chloride channel function will improve our understanding of chloride transport physiopathology and allow for the development of pharmacological tools useful for basic research and drug development.  相似文献   

Characterization of Fungal Biodiversity In Compost and Vermicompost     

Antonella Anastasi  Giovanna C. Varese  Samuele Voyron  Silvano Scannerini  Valeria Filipello Marchisio 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):185-191

The ability of fungi to break down complex carbon sources makes them of vital importance in both the generation and application of compost. This paper illustrates the diversity and functions of the mycoflora of both a green compost (made solely thermophilically from plant debris) and a vermicompost (made mesophilically by the action of earthworms on plant and animal wastes). The soil dilution plate technique was applied on 3 media (PDA, CMC, PDA plus cycloheximide) and at 3 incubation temperatures (24°C, 37°C and 45°C) to isolate and identify fungal entities. Enzymatic activities (amylase, cellulase, chitinase, esterase, ligninase, pectinase, phosphatase, plastic degradation and xylanase) of most species from both composts were evaluated with a semiquantitative method on 15 substrates. There were substantial qualiquantitative differences in the species composition of the two composts. A total of 193 entities were isolated: 54 from green compost only, 77 from vermicompost only, 62 from both. This taxonomic diversity was reflected in the metabolic potential. Amilase, cellulase, protease and esterase activities were significantly higher in the green compost. Lignin and plastic polymer degradation were significantly higher in the vermicompost. Structural and functional characterization of this kind is of assistance in determining both the most appropriate application of composts and their hygienic quality.  相似文献   

Basidiomycetes from Compost and their Dye Degradation and Enzyme Activities     

Antonella Anastasi  Giovanna C. Varese  Leonardo Casieri  Valeria Filipello Marchisio 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):284-289

The degree of decolorization of Poly R-478, a highly recalcitrant anthraquinone dye, by three basidiomycetes belonging to Polyporales isolated from compost was investigated together with the enzymes involved. Decolorization tests in two liquid cultures, one with a simple mycelium inoculum, the other with an inoculum of mycelium grown on straw, resulted in 70% and 87% decolorization respectively in 7 days. However, the efficiency did not increase significantly in the presence of the lignocellulose substrate. The three strains produced laccase and/or manganese peroxidase activity during the decolorization, whereas lignin peroxidase activity was not observed. Previous growth on straw enhanced the synthesis of ligninolytic enzymes, though there was no correlation between enzyme activity and decolorization. The three fungi can be proposed as promising candidates for the treatment of colored industrial effluents and probably for soils contaminated by complex polymers, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

Numerical approach to modelling pulse-mode soil flushing on a Pb-contaminated soil     

Antonella Luciano  Paolo Viotti  Vincenzo Torretta  Giuseppe Mancini 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(1):43-55

Purpose

Soil flushing can represent a suitable technology in remediation of soils, sediments and sludge contaminated by persistent species (e.g. toxic metal). This paper presents a model specifically developed to evaluate the feasibility of chelating agent-enhanced flushing. The model, here applied to the remediation of real Pb-contaminated soils, was conceived also to simulate an innovative pulse-mode soil flushing technique.

Materials and methods

The soil flushing application was firstly carried out through columns laboratory experiments. Columns were filled with a real Pb-contaminated soil (3,000 mg kg^?1 of dry soil) and flushing was operated in a pulse mode with different chelating agent dosages (3 and 4.3 mmol kg^?1soil). Experimental results were used to calibrate and validate the developed reactive transport model that accounts for transport of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA–Pb chelate complexes, Pb residual concentration on soil and the reduction in permeability by soil dissolution. Determination of hydrodynamic and hydro-dispersive parameters was carried out through a numerical approach incorporating the use of neural network as interpolating function of breakthrough data obtained by a tracer test.

Results and discussion

The EDTA dosage strongly influenced the efficiency in Pb extraction and soil permeability. Cumulative extractions of Pb were found to be 20 and 29 % for the EDTA concentrations of 3 and 4.3 mmol/kg of dry soil, respectively. The soil dissolution caused a significant flow rate decrease, as a consequence of the increase in chelating agent concentration. Therefore the recovery phase duration increased from 738 to 2,080 h. The ability of the model in simulating all the examined phenomena is confirmed by a good fit with experimental results in terms of (a) soil permeability reduction, (b) eluted Pb and (c) residual Pb in the soil.

Conclusions

Results highlighted as the model, supported by a preliminary and careful characterization of the soil, can be useful to assess the feasibility of the flushing treatment (avoiding soil clogging) and to address the choice of the operating parameters (flow rate, chelating agent dosage and application method). On the basis of the present research results, a protocol is suggested for in situ soil pulse–flushing application.  相似文献   

Expression of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli antigens in tobacco seeds and evaluation of gut immunity after oral administration in mouse model     

Luciana Rossi  Alessia Di Giancamillo  Serena Reggi  Cinzia Domeneghini  Antonella Baldi  Vittorio Sala  Vittorio Dell'Orto  Annelies Coddens  Eric Cox  Corrado Fogher 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(3):263-270

Verocytotoxic Escherichia (E.) coli strains are responsible for swine oedema disease, which is an enterotoxaemia that causes economic losses in the pig industry. The production of a vaccine for oral administration in transgenic seeds could be an efficient system to stimulate local immunity. This study was conducted to transform tobacco plants for the seed-specific expression of antigenic proteins from a porcine verocytotoxic E. coli strain. Parameters related to an immunological response and possible adverse effects on the oral administration of obtained tobacco seeds were evaluated in a mouse model. Tobacco was transformed via Agrobacteium tumefaciens with chimeric constructs containing structural parts of the major subunit FedA of the F18 adhesive fimbriae and VT2e B-subunit genes under control of a seed specific GLOB promoter. We showed that the foreign Vt2e-B and F18 genes were stably accumulated in storage tissue by the immunostaining method. In addition, Balb-C mice receiving transgenic tobacco seeds via the oral route showed a significant increase in IgA-positive plasma cell presence in tunica propria when compared to the control group with no observed adverse effects. Our findings encourage future studies focusing on swine for evaluation of the protective effects of transformed tobacco seeds against E. coli infection.  相似文献   

Extraction of cellulose nanowhiskers from natural fibers and agricultural byproducts     

Leandro N. Ludueña  Antonella Vecchio  Pablo M. Stefani  Vera A. Alvarez 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(7):1118-1127

In this work the feasibility of extracting cellulose from cotton, sisal and flax fibers, corn stover and rice husk by means of usual chemical procedures such as acid hydrolysis, chlorination, alkaline extraction, and bleaching was analyzed. Cellulose nanowhiskers from these sources, and from commercial cellulose, were produced by the acid hydrolysis of the obtained celluloses. The final products were characterized by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The chemical procedure used to obtain cellulose nanowhiskers was effective in all cases but differences on the thermal stability, chemical composition, crystallinity and morphology were found due to the dissimilar nature of the different sources. Thus, this work demonstrates that the morphology and physical properties of cellulose nanowhiskers synthesized by the same conditions are strongly dependent on their source.  相似文献   

Transmission of ‘<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candidatus</Emphasis> Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI) by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Osbornellus horvathi</Emphasis> (Matsumura 1908) co-infected with “<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ca.</Emphasis> Phytoplasma phoenicium” (16SrIX)     

Rizza Serena  Pesce Antonella  D’Urso Vera  Raciti Ernesto  Marzachì Cristina  Matilde Tessitori 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(4):491-500

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