Wireless and Low-Weight Technologies: Advanced Medical Assistance During a Cave Rescue: A Case Report     

Emiliano Petrucci  Barbara Pizzi  Paolo Scimia  Giuseppe Conti  Stefano Di Carlo  Antonella Santini  Pierfrancesco Fusco 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(2):248-251

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Taking the pulse of forest plantations success in peri-urban environments through continuous inventory     

Barbara Ferrari  Piermaria Corona  Leone Davide Mancini  Riccardo Salvati  Anna Barbati 《New Forests》2017,48(4):527-545

Urban expansion increases the need for, and pressure on, green areas. Reforestation projects in the rural–urban fringe represent an opportunity for enhancing the environmental quality of peri-urban spaces and a means to contribute to cities carbon neutrality policies. Yet, relatively little information exists regarding the long term (10–25 years) survival and growth rate in urban and peri-urban plantations. This paper reports and discusses the results achieved by a reforestation in the peri-urban space of Rome (Italy), 25 years after its establishment. The plantation has been periodically surveyed between 6 and 24 years of age by means of continuous inventories, with the aim of monitoring growth dynamics. Permanent sample plots have been investigated and stratified by tree species composition (broadleaves vs. conifers, single vs. multispecies) for data analysis. On the whole, plantations show suitable results in terms of rate of growth, carbon storage and uptake, especially in coniferous and mixed stands. The average stand volume of the forest plantation, currently ranges from one-and-a third to one-and-a-half times the average values estimated for natural high forest stands of the same age and species groups at country level. The species groups exhibit differential growth patterns over the observed period, that are mainly due to differences in the ecological traits of the planted trees. Ten years after the establishment, the average annual value of carbon uptake in conifer and mixed species group exceeds 10 Mg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 year^?1, a figure corresponding to 4 times the value of deciduous broadleaves (oaks and other species) and 1.5 times the value of evergreen oaks. Twenty years after the establishment, the average annual carbon uptake peaks to 25 Mg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 year^?1 in the mixed species group, exceeds 15 Mg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 year^?1 in the conifers, and ranks between 6 and 12.5 Mg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 year^?1 in the groups dominated by broadleaved species. Overall with a surface area just under 300 ha, the carbon uptake level of the Castel di Guido reforestation allows to offset the 0.04% of CO₂ emissions of the city of Rome. Although the spatial coexistence of even-aged plantation blocks characterized by a range of ecological traits, is expected to ensure a more continuous carbon sequestration, being less susceptible to damage of any kind, the current lack of silvicultural management may also lead to degradation processes, by triggering e.g. fuel accumulation and, by consequence, forest fires. In this line, recommendations are provided in order to improve the ecological and functional efficiency of the investigated reforestation. The field experiment demonstrates, ultimately, the capability of the continuous forest inventory to take the pulse over several decades of tree species performance and carbon uptake levels in urban and peri-urban reforestations.  相似文献   

Genetic variation for phenolic acids concentration and composition in a tetraploid wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum turgidum</Emphasis> L.) collection     

Barbara Laddomada  Miriana Durante  Giacomo Mangini  Leone D’Amico  Marcello Salvatore Lenucci  Rosanna Simeone  Luciana Piarulli  Giovanni Mita  Antonio Blanco 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(3):587-597

Phenolic acid intake through the consumption of whole-wheat foods provides important health benefits associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases and colon cancer. The genetic variation for phenolic acids was extensively studied in common wheat, but a comprehensive survey in tetraploid wheat is lacking. In this study we evaluated the genetic variability for individual and total phenolic acids concentration existing in a large collection of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). A 2-year evaluation was undertaken on the whole-meal flour of 111 genotypes belonging to seven T. turgidum subspecies including cultivars, landraces and wild accessions. Durum cultivars [T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) MacKey], had the highest average concentration of total phenolic acids (828.7 μg g^?1 dm in 2012; 834.5 μg g^?1 dm in 2013) with amounts varying from 550.9 μg g^?1 dm to 1701.2 μg g^?1 dm, indicating a variation of greater than threefold fold. The lowest concentration of phenolic acids was found in T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübler) Thell. Rivet wheat (T. turgidum L. subsp. turgidum) had phenolic acid concentrations similar to those in durum, but less variation was noted among the accessions. On the other hand, the accessions of the four remaining subspecies showed lower phenolic acid concentrations and variation among the accessions as compared to durum. A total of six phenolic acids were identified across the wheat genotypes. The effects of genotype, year and year × genotype were estimated by ANOVA and resulted significant for all phenolic acids. The ratio of genotypic variance to total variance suggested the possibility of improving phenolic acid content in elite wheat germplasm through appropriate breeding programs. Moreover, significant correlations between phenolic acids and other quality characteristics of the grain were detected.  相似文献   

Morphological and anatomical differences in Aleppo pine seeds from serotinous and non-serotinous cones   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. Salvatore  D. Moya  L. Pulido  R. Lovreglio  F. R. López-Serrano  J. De las Heras  V. Leone 《New Forests》2010,39(3):329-341

Mediterranean communities have been historically conditioned by fire and have therefore developed adaptive traits. Serotiny is a strategy that increases fire resilience by storing seeds in the canopy, protecting them from heat and delaying their dispersion. Aleppo pine is an important serotinous tree species in the low altitude, near-coastal Mediterranean Basin. Differences in serotinous and non-serotinous cones have been detected previously but in order to resolve a gap in the knowledge on seed adaptation to fire, we focused this study on two fire-prone habitats in southern Italy. Several cones were sampled and opened in an oven at two different temperatures in order to group seeds according to provenance and cone type (serotinous or non-serotinous). The sampled seeds were weighed and their coats were removed. Seed size, embryo diameter and nutritive tissue thickness were recorded. We found that seeds with greater weight and size came from the more humid site and from non-serotinous cones. Also, we observed wax and cutine cells formed a thicker seed coat in seeds from the more humid site using a scanning electron microscope. The scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed higher Si and Ca concentrations in the covers of serotinous seeds. Seeds from different provenance and cone types have anatomic and morphological differences that confer different properties against heating. This knowledge can improve post-fire management and promote restoration tools.  相似文献   

The Bright Side of Gelatinous Blooms: Nutraceutical Value and Antioxidant Properties of Three Mediterranean Jellyfish (Scyphozoa)     

Antonella Leone  Raffaella Marina Lecci  Miriana Durante  Federica Meli  Stefano Piraino 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):4654-4681

Jellyfish are recorded with increasing frequency and magnitude in many coastal areas and several species display biological features comparable to the most popular Asiatic edible jellyfish. The biochemical and antioxidant properties of wild gelatinous biomasses, in terms of nutritional and nutraceutical values, are still largely unexplored. In this paper, three of the most abundant and commonly recorded jellyfish species (Aurelia sp.1, Cotylorhiza tuberculata and Rhizostoma pulmo) in the Mediterranean Sea were subject to investigation. A sequential enzymatic hydrolysis of jellyfish proteins was set up by pepsin and collagenase treatments of jellyfish samples after aqueous or hydroalcoholic protein extraction. The content and composition of proteins, amino acids, phenolics, and fatty acids of the three species were recorded and compared. Protein content (mainly represented by collagen) up to 40% of jellyfish dry weight were found in two of the three jellyfish species (C. tuberculata and R. pulmo), whereas the presence of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher in the zooxanthellate jellyfish C. tuberculata only. Remarkable antioxidant ability was also recorded from both proteinaceous and non proteinaceous extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions in all the three species. The abundance of collagen, peptides and other bioactive molecules make these Mediterranean gelatinous biomasses a largely untapped source of natural compounds of nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmacological interest.  相似文献   

Polycystic kidney disease in a Chartreux cat     

Antonella Volta  Sabrina Manfredi  Giacomo Gnudi  Aldo Gelati  Giorgio Bertoni 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(2):138-140

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Volatile Organic Compounds,Indole, and Biogenic Amines Assessment in Two Mediterranean Irciniidae (Porifera,Demospongiae)     

Antonella Aresta  Pietro Cotugno  Nicoletta De Vietro  Caterina Longo  Maria Mercurio  Pere Ferriol  Carlo Zambonin  Carlotta Nonnis Marzano 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the headspace determination of the volatile organic fraction emitted by two of the most common Mediterranean demosponges, Ircinia variabilis and Sarcotragus spinosulus, and of indole and some biogenic amines released by sponges in an aqueous medium. A total of 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane and 75 µm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibers were used for the headspace extraction of low molecular weight sulfur compounds from a hermetically sealed vial containing sponge fragments, while the direct immersion determination of indole and biogenic amines was performed. The biogenic amines were extracted after in-solution derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate. All analytical parameters (linearity, limits of detection, and quantification, precision, and recovery) were evaluated for indole and biogenic amines. SPME-GC-MS proved to be a reliable means of highlighting the differences between molecules released by different sponges, principally responsible for their smell. The combined approaches allowed the identification of several volatile compounds in the headspace and other molecules released by the sponges in an aqueous medium, including indole and the BAs cadaverine, histamine, isobutylamine, isopentylamine, propylamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine and tryptamine. The results obtained represent a further contribution to the picture of odoriferous molecules secreted by sponges.  相似文献   

Using animal movement behavior to categorize land cover and predict consequences for connectivity and patch residence times     

Leone M. Brown  Rebecca K. Fuda  Nicolas Schtickzelle  Haley Coffman  Audrey Jost  Alice Kazberouk  Eliot Kemper  Emma Sass  Elizabeth E. Crone 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(8):1657-1670

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Conflicting outcomes of an integrated approach to sediment quality assessment in a Sardinian coastal area subjected to mining activities     

Romano  Elena  Bergamin  Luisa  Pierfranceschi  Giancarlo  Maggi  Chiara  Berducci  Maria Teresa  Ausili  Antonella 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(6):2630-2640

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Multidisciplinary research was carried out to verify the best approach for a reliable assessment of sediment quality in marine areas affected by strong metal...  相似文献   

Limited asymptomatic colonization of apple tree shoots by Neonectria ditissima following infection of leaf scars and pruning wounds     

Leone Olivieri  Robert J. Saville  Alan C. Gange  Xiangming Xu 《Plant pathology》2021,70(8):1838-1849

European apple canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is an important disease of apple (Malus domestica). The fungus may reside in the tree without causing symptoms for up to a few years, thus making canker control difficult. Asymptomatic infections established in the nursery can result in severe canker outbreaks in newly established apple orchards. It has been suggested that N. ditissima might colonize the tree beyond the infection point during the asymptomatic stage. We investigated whether N. ditissima can colonize the internal tissues of apple shoots, both prior to and after visual symptoms. Apple trees were artificially inoculated via pruning wounds and leaf scars; then the pathogen was tracked at the inoculation point and beyond with isolation or real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Before visual symptoms, N. ditissima could be detected in the infected pruning cut or leaf scar, but not at a distance of 10–15 mm from the entry point, or greater. Conversely, after symptom expression, the pathogen could be detected in the symptomless tissue at 10–15 mm from a canker lesion. This study demonstrated that the asymptomatic infection by N. ditissima can be detected using qPCR and that the pathogen does not grow systemically much beyond the initial entry point inside the plant before visual canker symptoms appear.  相似文献