Optimum selenium levels in diets high in plant‐based feedstuffs for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings     

David Domínguez  Zakarya Sehnine  Pedro Castro  Lidia Robaina  Ramon Fontanillas  Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu  Marisol Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):579-589

Substitution of marine ingredients (FM‐FO) by plant protein and oil sources can modify selenium (Se) levels in feeds. Se plays an important role in the antioxidative defence by forming part of selenoproteins. Se requirements of gilthead sea bream are not accurately determined; therefore, this study was conducted to define Se supplementation levels in low FM‐FO practical diets for sea bream fingerlings. A plant‐based diet containing 0.45 mg Se/kg diet was used as the basal diet. Four other diets were supplemented to contain 0.68, 0.86, 1.00 or 1.70 mg Se/kg diet, supplied as sodium selenite. Sea bream, weighing 12.6 ± 1.4 g, were distributed in triplicate groups per diet and fed for 42 days. Se supplementation up to 1.00 mg Se/kg significantly improved the growth of sea bream, whereas further increase up to 1.70 mg Se/kg diet reduced growth. The results of this study suggest that the optimum dietary levels of sodium selenite in diets with low FM‐FO with basal levels of 0.45 mg Se/kg are around 0.94 mg Se/kg to promote growth of gilthead sea bream juveniles. On the contrary, dietary levels of 1.70 mg Se/kg were found to be excessive and caused growth reduction, increased catalase expression and hydropic degeneration in the liver.  相似文献   

Dietary micronutrient composition affects fillet texture and muscle cell size in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)     

Kristin Hamre  Marit Bjrnevik  Marit Espe  Luis E. C. Conceio  Johan Johansen  Joana Silva  Marie Hillestad  Antony J. Prabhu  John F. Taylor  Douglas R. Tocher  Erik‐Jan Lock  Gro‐Ingunn Hemre 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(3):936-945

During the past 20 years, plant ingredients have taken over as the main constituents in feed for Atlantic salmon. This has changed the nutrient composition of the feeds, the bioavailability of nutrients and perhaps nutrient metabolism. Plant‐based diets also contain more anti‐nutrients. The EU‐funded project ARRAINA re‐evaluated recommendations for micronutrient supplementation to Atlantic salmon feeds, and the present study compared a diet supplemented with micronutrients according to NRC (2011) (control diet, 100% NP (nutrient package)) with a diet supplemented according to the new recommendations (New NP). Tissue concentrations of pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, niacin, vitamin C, Zn and Se were significantly higher; and Cu was lower in Atlantic salmon fed the diet with the New NP compared to the control fish. The New NP also gave a near significant effect on growth, decreased muscle firmness and increased muscle cell size, and it affected metabolism of nitrogen‐containing metabolites in the muscle. While we cannot be certain which micronutrient(s) gave these effects, the B vitamins are probable candidates, since they are mediators of intermediary metabolism and have been shown to influence some of the affected metabolites.  相似文献   

Proinsecticides effective against insecticide-resistant peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer))     

Douglas Hedley  Bhupinder P. S. Khambay  Antony M. Hooper  Richard D. Thomas  Alan L. Devonshire 《Pest management science》1998,53(3):201-208

A range of potential proinsecticides was synthesised and tested against insecticide-susceptible and -resistant clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). They were all esters of compounds known to be toxic or pharmacologically active, and were designed to have increased lipophilicity and to be subject to more rapid activation by hydrolysis in resistant than in susceptible aphids due to the increased amount of esterase present in the resistant clones. The most potent toxins were esters of monofluoroacetic acid. When applied topically, the toxicity of these esters to M. persicae was directly proportional to the esterase content of the aphids. Such compounds would not be suitable as commercial insecticides, but the results serve to illustrate the potential benefits of exploiting a resistance mechanism against one class of compounds to render another class more toxic, i.e. to design compounds that show negative cross-resistance. © 1998 SCI  相似文献   

Verbena × hybrida flower volatiles attractive to Western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis     

Antony M Hooper  Jude A Bennison  Mark C Luszniak  John A Pickett  Eleanor M Pow  Lester J Wadhams 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):660-662

Western flower thrips (WFT) are attracted to three flowering verbena cultivars. The volatile components of these cultivars contain different enantiomers of linalool oxide which have been synthesised and one shown to be attractive to WFT.  相似文献   

A combination chemotherapy protocol with dose intensification and autologous bone marrow transplant (VELCAP-HDC) for canine lymphoma     

Frimberger AE  Moore AS  Rassnick KM  Cotter SM  O'Sullivan JL  Quesenberry PJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):355-364

Twenty-eight dogs with lymphoma were treated with a 12-week, 5-drug chemotherapy protocol concluding with high-dose cyclophosphamide supported by autologous bone marrow transplants. A dose escalation design was used to determine the maximum tolerated cyclophosphamide dose (MTD) in this setting. Three cyclophosphamide dose levels were given: 300 mg/ m2 IV (groupl, 3 dogs), 400 mg/m2 IV (group 2, 12 dogs), and 500 mg/m2 IV (group 3, 13 dogs); and the MTD was 500 mg/m2 IV. Toxicity was common but mild, and the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, specifically neutropenia. No dog died as a result of treatment-related toxicity. One dog in group 3 developed fever, neutropenia, and presumed sepsis and responded promptly to routine management. No other dog required hospitalization. Lower stage and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1-3], and the highest dose [group 3]) compared with the lower doses combined (groups 1 and 2) were significantly associated with longer remission duration (all P < .0001). Median remission duration for dogs in group 3 was 54 weeks, compared with 21 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2 combined. Factors associated with longer survival time were lower stage (P = .042) and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1-3], and the highest dose [group 3] compared with the lower doses combined [groups 1 and 2]) (P = .027). Median survival time for dogs in group 3 was 139 weeks, compared with 43 weeks and 68 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2, respectively.  相似文献   

REVIEW: Variability in Fine Structures of Noncellulosic Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Cereal Grains: Potential Importance in Human Health and Nutrition     

Helen M. Collins  Rachel A. Burton  David L. Topping  Ming‐Long Liao  Antony Bacic  Geoffrey B. Fincher 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(4):272-282

Noncellulosic polysaccharides from the cell walls of cereal grains are not digested by human small intestinal enzymes and so contribute to total dietary fiber intake. These polysaccharides are becoming recognized increasingly for their potential to lower the risk of serious diet‐related conditions such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and diverticular disease. The effectiveness of noncellulosic cell wall polysaccharides in improving health outcomes is related to the fine structure and associated physicochemical properties. The two most nutritionally relevant wall polysaccharides of cereal grains are the arabinoxylans and the (1‐3,1‐4)‐β‐d ‐glucans. These polysaccharides have high molecular mass values but are nevertheless soluble in aqueous media, at least in part, where they adopt highly asymmetrical conformations and consequently form high viscosity solutions. Thus, arabinoxylans and (1‐3,1‐4)‐β‐d ‐glucans contribute to the soluble fiber component of human diets. The molecular size, solubility, and viscosity of the polysaccharides vary widely not only between different cereals but also within a single species. The variability in these properties reflects differences in the chemical structure of the polysaccharides, which in turn influences the beneficial effects of arabinoxylans and (1‐3,1‐4)‐β‐d ‐glucans in human diets. Here, we summarize information on the variability of fine structures of the arabinoxylans and (1‐3,1‐4)‐β‐d ‐glucans in common cereals and relate these to solubility, viscosity, and health benefits. The recent identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the (1‐3,1‐4)‐β‐d ‐glucans opens the way for the genetic improvement of cereal quality parameters that are important in human health.  相似文献   

Benzothiadiazole induces the accumulation of phenolics and improves resistance to powdery mildew in strawberries     

Hukkanen AT  Kokko HI  Buchala AJ  McDougall GJ  Stewart D  Kärenlampi SO  Karjalainen RO 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1862-1870

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) enhanced the accumulation of soluble and cell-wall-bound phenolics in strawberry leaves and also improved the resistance to powdery mildew infection under greenhouse conditions. The most pronounced change was seen in the levels of ellagitannins, which increased up to 2- to 6-fold 4 days after the BTH application, but persisted only in the inoculated plants. The induction of phenolic metabolism by BTH was also reflected in the fruits, several compounds being increased in inoculated, BTH-treated plants. Basal salicylic acid (SA) content was high in strawberry leaves, but increased in a similar fashion to other phenolics after the treatments. Several phenolic compounds were identified in strawberries for the first time. For example, ellagic acid deoxyhexose, three agrimoniin-like ellagitannins, sanguiin H-10- and lambertianin C-like ellagitannins in the leaves, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and kaempferol hexose in the cell-wall-bound fraction of the leaves, and kaempferol malonylglucoside in the fruits. The findings show that BTH can enhance the accumulation of phenolics in strawberry plants which may then be involved in the BTH-induced resistance to powdery mildew.  相似文献   

Comparison of faecal culture and IS900 PCR assay for the detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycobacterium avium</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">paratuberculosis</Emphasis> in bovine faecal samples     

M. P. Soumya  R. M. Pillai  P. X. Antony  H. K. Mukhopadhyay  V. N. Rao 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):781-791

Comparative efficacy of faecal culture and IS900 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of faecal samples was investigated in 40 clinically suspected cases of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle. The sensitivity of faecal culture and PCR assay in this study was 52.5% (21/40) and 90% (36/40) respectively. All isolates appeared only on the mycobactin J supplemented Herrold’s egg yolk medium (HEYM) at 8–16 weeks post-inoculation, were acid-fast and were positive for IS900 PCR yielding a single amplicon of 217 bp. A total of 28 faecal samples out of 40 were positive by IS900 primary PCR assay for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) yielding an expected product of size 217 bp. Twelve faecal samples, which gave negative results in the primary PCR, were subjected to secondary PCR assay. Of the 12 samples, 8 gave positive results in the IS900 nested PCR (nPCR), which yielded a PCR product of 167 bp, proving better sensitivity of nPCR assay than single amplification PCR. PCR could detect additionally 15 samples as positive which were negative by faecal culture. The chi-square analysis showed a highly significant difference between the tests (P< 0.01). This study suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of Map could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease surveillance.  相似文献   

Vincristine Therapy for Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dudley L. McCaw  Margaret A. Miller  Philip J. Bergman  Stephen J. Withrow  Antony S. Moore  Deborah W. Knapp  David Fowler  Jane C. Johnson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(6):375-378

Twenty-seven dogs with naturally occurring mast cell tumors were treated with weekly IV injections of vincristine (0.75 mg/m²) for 4 treatments. Two dogs (7%) had a partial response. Nine dogs (32%) had treatment stopped prematurely because of toxicity or a perceived deterioration in their quality of life. We conclude that vincristine is ineffective as a sole treatment for measurable mast cell tumors in dogs and produces an undesirable number of adverse reactions.  相似文献   

A Comparison of Doxorubicin and COP for Maintenance of Remission in Cats With Lymphoma   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Antony S. Moore BVSc  MVSc    Susan M. Cotter  Angela E. Frimberger  Carrie A. Wood  William M. Rand  Deborah A. L'Heureux 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(6):372-375

Thirty-eight cats with lymphoma were treated with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (COP). They were randomized at entry to receive maintenance chemotherapy consisting of either single-agent doxorubicin or continued COP therapy, starting on week 4 of treatment and continuing for 6 months or until relapse. Eighteen cats achieved complete clinical remission after COP induction chemotherapy. The median remission duration for 11 cats continuing to receive COP was 83 days, which was significantly shorter than for 7 cats that received doxorubicin (281 days). Thus, doxorubicin should be considered a well-tolerated and efficacious agent for the maintenance of remission in cats with lymphoma.  相似文献