Effect of post‐methanation effluent on soil physical properties under a soybean‐wheat system in a Vertisol     

Kuntal M. Hati  Ashis K. Biswas  Kalikinkar Bandyopadhyay  Arun K. Misra 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(5):584-590

Post‐methanation effluent (PME) generated through bio‐methanation of distillery effluent, a foul‐smelling, dark colored by‐product of distillery industries, is applied to arable land in some areas near the vicinity of the distillery industries as an amendment. The PME contains considerable amount of organic matter and salt besides its high plant‐nutrient content. The present investigation was conducted for three years during 1999–2002 on soybean‐wheat cropping sequence to evaluate the effect of graded levels of post‐methanation effluent (PME) on soil physical properties and crop productivity in a deep Vertisol of central India. Six application doses of PME viz. S_2.5+W₀: 2.5 cm PME applied to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, S_2.5+W_1.25: 2.5 cm PME to soybean and 1.25 cm to wheat, S_5.0+W₀: 5 cm PME to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, S_5.0+W_2.5: 5.0 cm PME to soybean and 2.5 cm to wheat, S_10.0+W₀: 10 cm PME to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, and S_10.0+W_5.0: 10.0 cm PME to soybean and 5.0 cm to wheat, were compared with 100% recommended NPK+FYM ? 4 Mg ha^–1 and control (no fertilizer, manure or PME). The application of PME increased the organic carbon content and electrical conductivity of the soil compared to control and 100% NPK+FYM treatment. The organic C content was maximum in S_10.0+W_5.0 (11.2 g kg^–1) and minimum in control (5.2 g kg^–1). Electrical conductivity increased from 0.47 dS m^–1 in control to 1.58 dS m^–1 in highest dose of PME (S_10.0+W_5.0). The PME treatments have not affected the soil pH. The application of PME showed a significant improvement in the physical properties of the soil. The mean weight diameter (MWD), percent water‐stable aggregation (% WSA), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat), and water retention (WR) at 0.033 MPa suction were significantly (P < 0.05) more while bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance was significantly less in PME‐treated plots than that of control. The MWD showed a linear and positive relationship (r = 0.89**) with the soil organic C. Soybean recorded significantly higher seed yield at all PME treatments than control. Highest average soybean yield (2.39 Mg ha^–1) was recorded in S_10.0+W₀ but yield decreased significantly in S_10.0+W_5.0 (2.08 Mg ha^–1). In wheat, all the PME‐treated plots except S_2.5+W₀ yielded significantly higher than control while the 100% NPK+FYM treatment yielded (3.46 Mg ha^–1) at par with the S_10.0+W_5.0 (4.0 Mg ha^–1) and S_5.0+W_2.5 (3.66 Mg ha^–1). Fresh application of PME to wheat resulted in significant improvement in grain yield over that grown on residual fertility. Thus, application of PME to arable land, as an amendment, could be considered as a viable option for the safe disposal of this industrial waste.  相似文献   

Determinants of adoption behaviour of the fish farmers of Pabda fish culture (Ompok bimaculatus Bloch, 1794) in Tripura,Northeast India     

Shil  Bikash  Lahiri  Biswajit  Pal  Prasenjit  Ghosh  Amitava  Biswas  Pradyut  Singh  Yumlembam Jackie 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(4):2017-2041

Aquaculture International - Most of the adoption studies in catfish culture were restricted to feeding habits, growth rate and morphological studies, neglecting the social factors and adoption of...  相似文献   

Comparison of apparent digestibility coefficient among replicates and different stocking density in red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis>     

Amal K Biswas  Manabu Seoka  Kenji Takii  Hidemi Kumai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(1):19-26

Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to know: (i) how the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) varies among replicates on different days and during the course of the experiment (Trial 1); and (ii) the effect of stocking density (e.g. 7.17, 5.56, and 3.92 kg fish/t water) on the ADC of nutrients and energy in red sea bream (Trial 2). In both trials, 0.5% Cr₂O₃ was used as an inert marker. In Trial 1, there were no significant differences in ADC within the replicates although the values on different days varied significantly during the second week. The ADC of all parameters in the third and fourth weeks was significantly higher than in the second week (P<0.05). Although statistically insignificant, the lower stocking densities (3.92 and 5.56 kg fish/t water) showed better growth performance and superior ADC of protein, lipid, and energy than the higher stocking density in Trial 2. The results indicated that it may be better to acclimate fish to the diet for at least three weeks to obtain more reliable data by using a single tank for each treatment for digestibility experiments. Results also indicated that growth and digestibility performance can be stimulated by controlling stocking density.  相似文献   

Identifying scale specific controls of soil water storage in a hummocky landscape using wavelet coherency   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Asim Biswas 《Geoderma》2011,165(1):50-59

High spatio-temporal variability of soil water is contributed from different ecohydrological and soil processes operating in different intensities at different scales. Traditional Pearson correlation analysis only examines linear correlation at the measurement scale. In this study, the correlation between soil water storage and its controlling factors was examined at different scales and locations in a hummocky landscape using wavelet coherency. Time domain reflectometry and neutron probe were used to measure soil water storage up to 1.4 m depth along a transect of 576 m long established in a hummocky landscape at St. Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada. In spite of visual similarity of the spatial pattern of soil water storage and elevation, the value of Pearson correlation coefficient was very small. However, wavelet coherency identified strong scale- and location-specific correlations between soil water storage and elevation. The total area of significant correlations as calculated from the total number of significant coherencies at different scales and locations was higher between soil water storage and elevation than between soil water storage and any other factors, which indicated a dominant control from elevation on soil water storage in the hummocky landscape. The largest area of significant correlation was observed at large scales (> 70 m), which can be attributed to the alternating knolls and depressions. The relationship between soil water storage and elevation at different scales was persistent at different times of the year or at different seasons with a slight reduction in the magnitude of correlation. The persistent relationship indicated the dominant control from elevation with slight change in the degree of the control. The scale-location specific correlation provides a complete picture on the controls of soil water storage, which was not possible with traditional correlation analysis.  相似文献   

Comparative fertility in buffaloes with observed and timed insemination using two routes of PGF2 alpha administration     

G S Dhaliwal  R D Sharma  R K Biswas 《The Veterinary record》1987,121(20):475-476

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Intrapopulation versus reciprocal recurrent selection in swine     

D K Biswas  A B Chapman  N L First  H L Self 《Journal of animal science》1971,32(5):840-848

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Arsenic-prone rice cultivars: a study in endemic region     

Anirban Biswas  Saroni Biswas  Rama Venkata Srikanth Lavu  Prakash Chandra Gupta  Subhas Chandra Santra 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(3):379-386

Rice is prone to arsenic accumulation compared to other cereals as typically grown up under waterlogged situation favoring arsenic mobility. Arsenic in rice depends on arsenic availability to plants from irrigation water, even differs among cultivars and their plant parts. Present study was concentrated on arsenic accumulation in various plant parts of five common rice cultivars grown using irrigation water from different water sources in various fields in arsenic-endemic region. Additionally, dose response experiment under laboratory net house was conducted on the same cultivars excluding open environmental factors. The common cultivars were categorized according to high to low arsenic accumulator in rice grain, straw and root parts. The cultivar Shatabdi has shown highest arsenic accumulation in rice grain compared to other rice cultivars in fields and when grown at various soil arsenic doses. In field samples, a highest grain arsenic concentration ranged between 0.69 ± 0.04 and 0.78 ± 0.12 mg kg^?1 for Shatabdi, whereas lowest grain arsenic concentration ranged between 0.37 ± 0.07 and 0.41 ± 0.07 mg kg^?1 for the cultivars GB3 and Lalat. Speciation study detected more inorganic arsenic than organoarsenicals with a trend of arsenite > arsenate > DMA > MMA, which would be problem for consumers. The concluding remark is the characterization of common rice cultivars according to arsenic concentration to highlight an important remediation strand by changing to low arsenic cultivar.  相似文献   

Scaling analysis of soil water storage with missing measurements using the second‐generation continuous wavelet transform     

A. Biswas 《European Journal of Soil Science》2014,65(4):594-604

Information on the spatial variability of soil water storage (SWS) at different scales is important for understanding various hydrological, ecological and biogeochemical processes in the landscape. However, various obstructions such as roads or water bodies may result in missing measurements and create an irregular spatial series. The wavelet transform can quantify spatial variability at different scales and locations but is restricted to regular measurements. The objective of this study was to analyse the spatial variability of SWS with missing measurements using the second‐generation continuous wavelet transform (SGCWT). Soil water content (converted to SWS by multiplying with depth) was measured with a neutron probe and time‐domain reflectrometry along a transect of 128 points. Because there were missing measurements, I used SGCWT to partition the total variation into different scales and locations. Whilst there were some small‐scale variations (< 20 m) along the transect, the medium scale variations (20–70 m with an average of about 30–45 m) were mainly concentrated within the depressions along the transect. The strongest variations were observed at around 90–110 m scale, representing the variations resulting from alternating knolls and depressions. Similar spatial patterns at different scales were observed during different seasons, indicating temporal stability in the spatial pattern of SWS. Among the controlling factors, the wavelet spectra of relative elevation (RE) and organic carbon (OC) were very similar to that of SWS. The wavelet covariance was also large between SWS and RE and OC at all seasons. As the OC reflects the long‐term history of water availability and might be controlled by topographic setting or elevation, it can be concluded that elevation is an important controlling factor of SWS irrespective of seasons in this type of landscape. The SGCWT provides a new way of analysing the spatial variability of regularly measured soil properties or those with missing measurements.  相似文献   

Genetic Variance Estimates in Heterogeneous Potato Populations Propagated from True Potato Seed(TPS)     

M K Biswas  M A A Mondal  M Hossain  R Islam 《中国马铃薯》2005,19(2):65-69

Twenty nine cross populations developed according to line x tester mating design along with their twelve parents raised from true potato seeds, were used to study variability and correlation for seven characters. The range of variation for all the characters were found to be wide and pronounced which indicated that characters were quantitative in nature and were under polygenic control. For all the characters, greater portion of the total δ^2p was mostly contributed by the δ^2g. Among the seven characters, tuber weight per plant showed the highest δ^2g, PCV, GCV, H2b, GA and expected GA%.On the other hand, dry matter contents (%) showed the lowest H^2b. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients of plant height with no. of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant; no. of branches per plant with no. of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant were found to be significant and positive.  相似文献   

Effect of distillery effluents on plant and soil enzymatic activities and groundnut quality     

Amar B. Singh  Ashis K. Biswas  Sivakoti Ramana 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(3):345-347

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season 2000 to examine the effect of distillery effluents, i.e., biomethanated spent wash (BSW), raw spent wash (RSW), and lagoon sludge (LS) versus recommended NPK+FYM (farmyard manure) on nutritional quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and enzyme activities of plant and soil. The distillery effluents did not affect the oil content (%), crude and true protein contents (%) in groundnut but increased the seed yield and the contents of methionine by 44 % (1.15 g (16 g N)^–1 vs. 0.80 g (16 g N)^–1 in control) and of cysteine by 24 % (1.36 g (16 g N)^–1 vs. 1.10 g (16 g N)^–1 in control). BSW produced the highest seed yield (619 kg ha^–1) followed by RSW (557 kg ha^–1) and LS (472 kg ha^–1). LS recorded the highest total chlorophyll content (2.94 mg (g FW)^–1) in groundnut leaves. Application of BSW and RSW significantly increased the activity of plant peroxidase whereas the plant polyphenol oxidase was higher in BSW only. The application of distillery effluents did not affect the nitrate reductase activity but BSW significantly increased the nitrate content in the rhizosphere soil. The three effluents significantly increased the dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity more than recommended NPK+FYM.  相似文献