Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Yield and Quality Parameters in Apple c.v. ‘Gala,Galaxy’     

Yusuf Ucar  Abdullah Kadayıfcı  Mehmet Atilla Aşkın  Abdullah Kankaya  Ulaş Şenyiğit  Fatma Yıldırım 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2016,58(3):169-175

This study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in order to determine the effects of irrigation frequency on the yield and quality parameters of dwarf trees of the apple cultivar ‘Gala, Galaxy’ in the first and second year of cultivation. Irrigation water was applied at 3?, 5?, 7?, and 10-day intervals as much as the amount of water consumed from the field capacity. Statistical analysis revealed that the effects of irrigation frequency on yield were significant. Since the trees used in the experiment showed mainly vegetative growth, the effects of irrigation frequency on the fruit quality characteristics varied. Irrigation water amount was applied as 355.7–446.5 mm and 359.2–538.9 mm to the experimental treatments in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The evapotranspiration measured was in the range 400.7–491.5 mm in 2007 but in the range 440.2–600.5 mm in 2008, while the yields in the same years ranged from 1.54 to 2.84 t ha^?1 and from 2.61 to 6.06 t ha^?1. Water use efficiency varied between 2.40 and 4.80 t ha^?1mm^?1 in the first year of the experiment but between 3.45 and 7.08 t ha^?1mm^?1 in the second year. The I₂ treatment, in which the highest yield and water use efficiency were recorded in both years of the experiment under the experimental conditions, was determined as the irrigation scheduling.  相似文献   

A field study on the efficacy of doramectin against strongyles and its egg reappearance period in horses     

Cirak VY  Güleğen E  Yildirim F  Durmaz M 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,114(2):64-66

The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy and the so-called "egg reappearance period" (ERP) of doramectin in horses naturally infected with strongyles during a period of 34 weeks. A group of yearlings of 10 animals was treated intramuscularly with doramectin at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) at the begin of the grazing season. To obtain comparable data, another group of yearlings (n = 10) was treated orally with ivermectin at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg BW. Individual faecal samples were examined for strongyle egg counts per gram of faeces (EPG) in two-week intervals. Twelve weeks later, a second treatment was given in both groups with the respective anthelmintic followed by a third treatment when the group mean egg count reached > or = 200 EPG. The efficacy of doramectin was > or = 96 % and that of ivermectin 100%, based on the mean egg counts two weeks post treatments (wpt). The highest and the lowest extensity of the efficacy (average values) for doramectin were 90% and 41% two and ten wpt, respectively, whereas these values for ivermectin differed from 100% (two wpt) to 24.3% (eight wpt). The ERP was found to be 10 and 8 weeks for doramectin and ivermectin, respectively.  相似文献   

Solving Method and Application of System Parameters of the Nonlinear System     

ZHU Hong jun  WANG Da en  ZHU Wen  WANG Yi 《保鲜与加工》1999,(6):8-13

Using the NNPLS (Neural Networks and Partial Least Squares) modeling method, the nonlinear I/O system is analyzed and the characteristic of its parameters are determined.The situation of the system is forecasted to accomplish the optimum situation in the process of control and monitor.  相似文献   

Pattern of feed intake in four species of fish under commercial farming conditions: implications for feeding management   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Talbot  S. Corneillie  & Ø. Korsøen 《Aquaculture Research》1999,30(7):509-518

Meal duration and feed ingestion rate were measured in sea cage-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and red sea bream Pagrus major fed dry extruded feed in discrete meals. At the population level, satiation times in yellowtail, salmon and trout were typically about 15–25 min, but time to satiation was longer (60–90 min) in red sea bream. In all species, feed ingestion rate declined progressively during the course of the meal as the fish became satiated. Initial feed ingestion rates in salmon were ≈ 0.3–0.5 kg feed tonne fish^–1 min^–1 and in trout 0.5–0.9 kg feed tonne fish^–1 min^–1, although the capacity to deliver feed may have restricted ingestion. Water temperature had little effect on ingestion rates, possibly because the number of meals per day (1–3) was varied with water temperature, and this may have standardized hunger level at the start of meals. Yellowtail ingested feed at ≈ 3.5 kg feed tonne fish^–1 min^–1 at water temperatures of 18 °C and 28 °C, whereas red sea bream ingested feed at initial rates of 0.6 and 1.4 kg feed tonne fish^–1 min^–1at 26.5 °C and 18 °C respectively. The findings are discussed in relation to feeding strategies to minimize interfish competition for feed and to improve the ability of fish farmers to detect the point at which fish are satiated.  相似文献   

Artificial fertilization and generating families for a selective breeding programme of large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea )     

Xinxiu Yu  Changwen Wu  Hans Magnus Gj&#;en 《International Aquatic Research》2017,9(2):161-167

Large yellow croaker is an important marine aquaculture species in China. The aim was to determine an appropriate protocol of artificial fertilization for family construction in the breeding programme based on two trials. In trial 1, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A3 (LHRHA3) was injected once, with a dosage of 2 μg/kg for females and 1 μg/kg for males. The latency time was in the range of 30–34 h. The maturation stage was checked by extracting a few eggs with a Pasteur pipette. The fertilization rate and hatching rate were 27 and 52%, respectively. The percentage of females with spawning difficulties was 30%. In trial 2, the females were injected LHRHA3 twice: with a first dose of 0.8 μg/kg and a second dose of 2 μg/kg, at an interval of 10 h, whereas the males were still injected once. The latency time was in the range of 29.5–35 h, determined by only observing courtship behaviour of males. The females with spawning difficulties decreased to 10%, and the fertilization rate and hatching rate also improved to 41 and 62%, respectively.  相似文献   

The chemical and sensorial changes in rainbow trout caviar salted in different ratios during storage     

Ayşe Gürel İnanli  Özlem Emir Coban  Mürşide Dartay 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(5):879-883

In this study, the intention was to investigate the chemical and sensorial changes occurring during cold storage (4 ± 1°C) of caviar obtained from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss W. 1792 that was dry salted in different ratios. Caviar has a higher fat and protein content than other seafood products, and in processing it with dry salting technology, it was determined that the shelf life could be up to 28 days for the experimental group in which salt was applied at a rate of 4% and up to 35 days for the experimental group in which salt was applied at a rate of 8%. Thus the storage period of the samples is longer for the products to which a high (8%) amount of salt was applied than the products to which a low (4%) amount of salt was applied in the salting process.  相似文献   

Koi herpesvirus and carp edema virus threaten common carp aquaculture in Croatia     

Snježana Zrnčić  Dražen Oraić  Ivana Giovanna Zupičić  Željko Pavlinec  Dragan Brnić  Žaklin Acinger Rogić  Ivica Sučec  Dieter Steinhagen  Mikolaj Adamek 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(6):673-685

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a very important fish species for warm-water aquaculture in Croatia. All Croatian carp farms are subjected to a surveillance programme for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), causing a deadly disease called koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). However, there is no surveillance for other viral pathogens of importance like carp edema virus (CEV), a causative agent of koi sleepy disease (KSD). During regular testing within the KHVD surveillance programme, we tested samples for CEV simultaneously. The screening indicated possible outbreaks of KHVD and KSD. During 2016, KHVD broke out in an isolated area and soon thereafter a KHV eradication programme was successfully performed. However, during 2018 and 2019, two additional mortality events occurred in lakes in the southern part of Croatia during the spring. Samples from both events tested positive for CEV. An epidemiological investigation confirmed the introduction of infected carps from an infected farm to one of the lakes. To prevent the spreading of CEV into open waters, it is of utmost importance to introduce CEV testing before fish movement or to perform regular testing of all carp farms in the country to determine CEV prevalence for the purpose of implementation of control measures.  相似文献   

Long-term culture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in submerged cages during winter affects behaviour, growth and condition     

yvind J. Korsen  Tim Dempster  Per Gunnar Fjelldal  Frode Oppedal  Tore S. Kristiansen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,296(3-4):373-381

In the search for alternative farming methods, we investigated whether large salmon submerged below 10 m in winter conditions behaved normally and performed as well as control fish held in standard surface cages. On average, 2345 salmon of ~ 3.5 kg were kept in each of six 2000 m³ sea-cages for 6 weeks; three of which were submerged to 10–24 m depth and three acted as surface controls (0–14 m). Behaviour during both day and night was studied with echo-sounders, and underwater video cameras fitted with infra-red lamps. A sub-sample of fish from each cage was weighed, measured and assessed for fin and snout condition prior to and after the experimental period. In addition, the vertebral column of 50 fish from the control and submerged treatments were dissected and X-rayed to assess vertebral deformities. The submerged salmon seemed unable to re-fill any gas into the swim bladder, as a linear decrease in echo reflection to < 5% of pre-submergence levels after 22 days of submergence indicated loss of almost all gas from the physostomous swim bladders and negatively buoyant fish. Around day 22, submerged salmon swam at night time with a distinct ‘tail-down, head-up’ tilt (26°) compared to the horizontal swimming position of control fish (− 3°). Average swimming speed (body length per second) of submerged salmon were 1.3–1.4 times faster (day: 0.77 ± 0.02; night: 0.46 ± 0.02, (mean ± SE)) than control fish (day: 0.54 ± 0.01; night: 0.37 ± 0.02) both during day and night. Almost no mortality was seen, and the submerged salmon maintained similar diurnal vertical migrations as the surface fish, indicating that deep submergence did not exhaust the fish. However, submerged fish fed less efficiently, resulting in lower growth and reduced feed utilization. Fins and snouts of the submerged fish had small, but significantly more erosion than the control fish. Vertebrae in the tail region were significantly compressed in the submerged fish compared to control fish. This could be an early symptom of development of vertebral deformities. The results suggest that continuous submergence below 10 m for longer than 2 weeks reduces the welfare and performance of Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

先旱后涝胁迫下水稻茎蘖及株高动态响应     

张逸迪  俞双恩  高世凯  王梅  王姣  李偲 《排灌机械工程学报》2018,36(1):77-81

为了解先旱后涝胁迫下水稻的茎蘖和株高生长动态,采用测坑试验方法研究先旱后涝胁迫对水稻分蘖数和株高的影响,根据分蘖变化拟合分析了水稻茎蘖消长动力学模型,根据株高动态变化拟合了Logistic增长模型.试验结果表明:先旱后涝胁迫过程在分蘖期和拔节孕穗期均不同程度地抑制水稻分蘖;水稻在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期受涝可促进株高增长,在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期受旱则抑制株高增长;茎蘖消长动力学模型较好地拟合了茎蘖消长的过程,具有实践意义;Logistic模型拟合株高动态变化拟合度也较高,且适用合理.研究结果可为合理制定灌溉方案和提高水稻产量提供依据.  相似文献   

Growth,survival, carbon rates for some dry tropical forest trees used in enrichment planting in the Cerro Blanco protected forest on the Ecuadorian coast     

Eric Horstman  Jhony Ayón  Heather Griscom 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(2):82-96

Deforestation principally to establish cattle pastures has created large expanses of land dominated by exotic grass prior to the establishment of the Cerro Blanco Protected Forest in Ecuador. A dry forest restoration program was carried out from 2008 to 2017. Tree planting sites were cleared in parallel lines through abandoned pasture and secondary vegetation using manual labor. Native tree species were produced in a nursery on site and used in yearly plantings during the rainy season. A total of 637 hectares were planted at an average stocking density of 1,000 trees per hectare. Growth data was collected from trees planted in nine sites from 2008 to 2017. Mortality rates were determined from a sample of 400 trees of twenty-two species. Survival of all species was greater than 50%. Ten species had survival rates greater than 90%. Vitex gigantea, with high survival rates, also had significantly greater growth rates than the other species (p < 0.0001) and showed the greatest yearly accumulation of total carbon (2.07 Kg C yr ^?1 stem^?1). Other species with high growth rates were Cordia alliodora and Centrolobium ochroxylum. This restoration program demonstrates that the dry forest restoration with timely maintenance and protection from fire and grazing is possible with intensive tree planting of native species.  相似文献