Recognition of the Nor98 variant of scrapie in the Swedish sheep population.     

D Gavier-Widén  M N?remark  S Benestad  M Simmons  L Renstr?m  B Bratberg  M Elvander  C H?rd af Segerstad 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(6):562-567

Within the framework of the active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in sheep in Sweden, 4 cases of the atypical form of scrapie, Nor98, were identified during 2003. Nor98 is a recently recognized and poorly understood variant of scrapie, first described in Norway. The cases were positive by the rapid test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse thin-granular staining of the cerebellar cortex. Western immunoblotting analysis of specimens of brain stem and cerebellum showed a light band of approximately 12 kDa. Typical scrapie was ruled out based on the confirmatory testing. The affected ewes were from 4 different flocks. They were between 7 and 9 years old. Two were of the ARQ/ARQ genotype, 1 ARR/ARQ, and 1 ARR/AHQ. Two ewes had shown ataxia, and the other 2 had no clinical signs. Whole-flock slaughter was applied, and testing of the flock mates did not reveal additional cases. Nor98 differs from typical scrapie in its epidemiology, frequency of genotypes of sheep affected, clinical signs, microscopic lesions, distribution of scrapie prion protein in the brain, and characteristics of the immunostaining and immunoblotting profiles.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical Detection of CD4-, CD8- and MHC II-Expressing Immune Cells and Endoglin in the Canine Corpus Luteum at Different Stages of Dioestrus     

B Hoffmann  F Büsges  W Baumgärtner 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(6):391-395

Specific immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the presence of CD4-, CD8- and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II)-expressing immune cells and of endoglin in the canine corpus luteum between days 15 and 75, after ovulation. Corpora lutea were obtained from groups of three clinically healthy beagle bitches, ovariohysterectomized at the respective days. For all four parameters, the effect of time was highly significant. Quantitative evaluation yielded high values on day 15, followed by a decrease on day 30 (CD4, CD8 and endoglin) and day 45 (MHC II). While there were no further changes for cells staining positive for CD4 and endoglin, CD8-positive immune cells increased from day 45 to day 60 to drop again on day 75; MHC II-positive staining increased from day 45 to days 60-75. These data suggest an involvement of the immune system in control of luteal function also in the dog that may have both stimulatory and inhibiting effects.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity analysis of two buffalo populations of northern India using microsatellite markers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R. Arora  B. D. Lakhchaura  R. B. Prasad  M. S. Tantia  R. K. Vijh 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2004,121(2):111-118

The genetic diversity in two buffalo populations of northern India, the Bhadawari and the Tarai was assessed using a set of 22 heterologous (bovine) microsatellite markers. The average number of alleles across all loci in both populations was found to be 4.7, indicating that this set of 22 bovine microsatellite markers could be used to study genetic variation in buffalo species also. The overall polymorphic information content (PIC) value for these markers was 0.54. The average observed and expected heterozygosities for both populations were 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Common alleles with varying allele frequencies in both populations also represented the genetic variability existing between Bhadawari and Tarai buffaloes. However the θ estimates for population differentiation indicated low levels of differentiation between the two populations. This was further supported by the low genetic distance (0.155) between Bhadawari and Tarai, which was calculated using Nei's standard genetic distance method. The present study on Bhadawari and Tarai populations represents a much‐needed preliminary effort that could be extended to other local buffalo populations of India as well.  相似文献   

Dermatophagoides farinae-specific IgG subclass responses in atopic dogs undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy     

C. C. Hou  T. J. Nuttall  M. J. Day  P. B. Hill 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(S1):5-5

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is thought to be caused by immunologic abnormalities expressed as a Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance in both humans and dogs. Several studies have focused on the therapeutic effects of IFNγ in human AD with successful results; however, the mechanism of action of IFNγ is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of recombinant canine interferon gamma (rCaIFNγ) on 10 dogs with AD and evaluated the ratio of IL-4 mRNA to IFNγ mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, serum total IgE levels, and histological changes in skin. After six injections of rCaIFNγ over a span of 2 weeks, seven of the 10 dogs showed improvement, and six of these seven dogs exhibited decreased IL-4:IFNγ mRNA ratios. Two of the three cases that did not improve had increased IL-4:IFNγ mRNA ratios. Total serum IgE levels were significantly decreased in nine of 10 cases. The number of IgE-positive cells detected by immunostaining and the number of mast cells in skin biopsy samples were decreased. A reduction of epidermal cell layers was demonstrated by histopathology after treatment. These results demonstrated that rCaIFNγ may be a novel safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of canine AD, and the mechanism of action of rCaIFNγ may be related to the modulation of Th2 cytokines to Th1 cytokines with the reduction of serum IgE production.
Funding: Self-funded.  相似文献   

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo- controlled multicenter study on the efficacy of a diet with high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid in the control of canine atopic dermatitis     

B. B. Taugbøl  M. W. Vroom  L. Nordberg  W. H. G. Leistra  J. D. Sinke  R. Hovenier  A. C. Beynen  F. J. H. Pastoor 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(S1):11-12

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In vivo expression analysis of Microsporum canis secreted subtilisin-like serine proteases in feline dermatophytosis     

B. R. Mignon  F. F. Descamps  F. Brouta  S. M. Vermout  B. J. Losson 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(S1):17-18

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Results from the treatment of advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats, using a combination of intralesional carboplatin and superficial radiotherapy: a pilot study     

J. P. de Vos  A. G. O. Burm  B. P. Focker 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2004,2(2):75-81

Six cats with an advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum were treated with a combination of superficial radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin therapy. This multimodality protocol was well tolerated by the majority of cats and resulted in complete responses in all cats (100%). Median follow‐up for all cats is 268 days, and the median time‐to‐recurrence, time‐to‐progression and overall survival have not yet been reached. Our study, although limited in number of animals and with a relatively short median follow‐up compared to other studies for this disease, suggests that a combination of radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin is a useful treatment option for an advanced stage SCC of the nasal planum in cats and warrants further application of the multimodality approach presented here.  相似文献   

RNA‐transfected CD40‐activated B cells as a vaccine strategy in canine malignancies     

B.  Overley  C. M. Coughlin  M. S. Leibowitz  K. U. Sorenmo  R. H. Vonderheide 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2004,2(2):103-103

Introduction: Cell‐based vaccine strategies using dendritic cells as cellular adjuvant have entered phase III trials in humans and have been found to be safe, feasible, and potentially efficacious. Canine patients are generally smaller than adult human patients, which makes production of canine dendritic cell (DC) vaccines problematic, given patient size and the small number of available DC precursors. Here we describe feasibility studies of a novel cell‐based vaccine strategy which uses CD40‐activated B‐cells (CD40‐B) loaded with RNA. This strategy is based on our observations that RNA‐transfected human CD40‐B can drive anti‐tumor T cell responses. One advantage of using CD40‐B cells is the ability to expand this cell population ex vivo, allowing for the numbers of cells required for therapeutic vaccines. Methods: Twenty milliliters of blood were drawn from 6 normal dogs and 5 canine lymphoma patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll centrifugation. Culture conditions for B cell activation were optimized using CD40‐ligand, canine IL‐4, and Toll‐like receptor stimulus with CpGoligodinucleotides (ODN). Cyclosporine was added to eliminate peripheral T lymphocytes. Proliferation and activation of CD40‐B cells were demonstrated by CFSE dilution of B cells quantified by flow cytometry. Gene transfer was achieved by mRNA electroporation. Results: Marked in vitro stimulation and proliferation of canine peripheral B cells were achieved with soluble trimeric CD40L, canine IL‐4, and ODN. CD40‐B cells showed dramatic upregulation of MHC class II molecules and CD21 (B‐cell activation marker). After two weeks in culture, cells were negative for CD3 and CD4. Canine CD40‐B cells were efficiently transfected with mRNA, with >60% of CD40‐B expressing green fluorescent protein after GFP mRNA electroporation. Conclusion: RNA‐transfected CD40‐B cells can be efficiently generated from normal and tumor‐bearing dogs. These results provide rationale to test tumor RNA‐transfected CD40‐B as a novel therapeutic approach to treating canine malignancies. Clinical trials in canine lymphoma have been proposed.  相似文献   

Treatment of canine haemangiosarcoma with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor     

L. A. Cohen  B. Powers  S. Amin  D. Desai 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2004,2(4):243-248

A case report is presented by describing the treatment of a 12‐year‐old dog – diagnosed with haemangiosarcoma (HSA) – with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The drug was administered orally, on a daily basis, approximately 2 weeks post‐splenectomy at a dose of 3 mg kg^?1. HSA is a lethal malignancy of the endothelium, which is usually disseminated by the time it is diagnosed. Median survival time, usually, is no longer than 80 days. Following treatment with SAHA, no sign of malignant growth could be discerned by means of diagnostic abdominal ultrasound, chest X‐ray or with the help of clinical symptoms, over a period of >1000 days. The precise mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors exert their anti‐cancer effects is uncertain, but evidence suggests that exposure to SAHA generates hyperacetylated chromosomal histones, which, in turn, facilitates the expression of tumour suppressor genes turned off by epigenetic mechanisms during neoplastic transformation of the endothelium.  相似文献   

Erratum to “Estimation of infection prevalence from correlated binomial samples” [Prev. Vet. Med. 64 (2004) 1–14]     

J. Condon  G. Kelly  B. Bradshaw  N. Leonard 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2004,65(3-4):239-239

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