Detection of the occurrence of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains on maize in Southern Rajasthan India     

Babu  S. Ramesh  Perumal  P.  Joshi  Sonika  Manoharan  Raja  Kalyan  Deepika  Penuballi  Swathi  Kalyan  R. K.  Mahla  M. K.  Rokadia  Pramod  Singh  Beerendra 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2022,129(6):1491-1496

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), a polyphagous lepidopteran pest that is native to tropical and sub-tropical America has...  相似文献   

Systemic activity of a juvenile hormone analog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T H Babu  K Sláma 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,175(17):78-79

The peptidic analog of insect juvenile hormone, ethyl pivaloyl-L-alanyl-p-aminobenzoate with enormous biological activity on the red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus, has pronounced systemic effect in sunflower plants. The compound is absorbed by the plant tissues and appears to be translocated throughout the plant system in active form. There is some evidence that juvenile hormone analogs of other types also have similar systemic effects. The discovery of systemic action should aid in the possible utilization of juvenile hormone analogs in insect control programs.  相似文献   

Proteome-level investigation of Brassica carinata-derived resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans     

Subramanian B  Bansal VK  Kav NN 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(2):313-324

Plants resistant to the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans were generated by an interspecific cross between the highly susceptible Brassica napus (canola) and the highly resistant Brassica carinata. Changes in the leaf protein profiles of these lines were investigated in order to understand the biochemical basis for the observed resistance. Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry led to the identification of proteins unique to the susceptible (5 proteins) and resistant genotypes (7 proteins) as well those that were differentially expressed in the resistant genotype 48 h after challenge with the pathogen (28 proteins). Proteins identified as being unique in the resistant plant material included superoxide dismutase, nitrate reductase, and carbonic anhydrase. Photosynthetic enzymes (fructose bisphosphate aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, sedoheptulose bisphosphatase), dehydroascorbate reductase, peroxiredoxin, malate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, N-glyceraldehyde-2-phosphotransferase, and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase were observed to be elevated in the resistant genotype upon pathogen challenge. Increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase were further validated and supported by spectrophotometric and in-gel activity assays. Other proteins identified in this study such as nitrate reductase and peptidylprolyl isomerase have not been previously described in this plant-pathogen system, and their potential involvement in an incompatible interaction is discussed.  相似文献   

Enzyme polymorphism analyses in three endangered species of Himalayan poppy, Meconopsis (Papaveraceae)     

Irshad Muzammil Sulaiman  Cherakuri Raghavendra Babu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1996,43(4):351-356

Populations of Meconopsis paniculata and M. sinuata inhabit open alpine slopes, while those of M. simplicifolia are restricted to alpine meadows of Sikkim Himalaya. These species are threatened and represented by very small populations. Three enzymes namely acid phosphatase, esterase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were tested for six populations each of M. paniculata and M. simplicifolia and single population of M. sinuata to analyse the genetic diversity of these species. In addition, alkaline phosphatases, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were tested for M. paniculata populations. The results on the electrophoretic variations revealed that genetic polymorphism is low to absent in all the populations of the three species of Meconopsis investigated, and the species are characterized by genetic homogeneity with fixed alleles.  相似文献   

Assessment of different methods of rice (Oryza sativa. L) cultivation affecting growth parameters, soil chemical, biological, and microbiological properties, water saving, and grain yield in rice–rice system     

Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan  R. Mahender Kumar  Pagidi Humayun  V. Srinivas  B. Ratna Kumari  R. Vijayabharathi  Amit Singh  K. Surekha  Ch. Padmavathi  N. Somashekar  P. Raghuveer Rao  P. C. Latha  L. V. Subba Rao  V. R. Babu  B. C. Viraktamath  V. Vinod Goud  N. Loganandhan  Biksham Gujja  Om Rupela 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(1):79-87

Field experiments were conducted at DRR farm located at ICRISAT, Patancheru, in sandy clay loam soils during four seasons, Kharif 2008, Rabi 2008–2009, Kharif 2009 and Rabi 2009–2010, to investigate growth parameters, water-saving potential, root characteristics, chemical, biological, and microbial properties of rhizosphere soil, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by comparing the plants grown with system of rice intensification (SRI) methods, with organic or organic + inorganic fertilization, against current recommended best management practices (BMP). All the growth parameters including plant height, effective tillers (10–45 %), panicle length, dry matter, root dry weight (24–57 %), and root volume (10–66 %) were found to be significantly higher with in SRI-organic + inorganic over BMP. With SRI-organic fertilization, growth parameters showed inconsistent results; however, root dry weight (3–77 %) and root volume (31–162 %) were found significantly superior compared to BMP. Grain yield was found significantly higher in SRI-organic + inorganic (12–23 and 4–35 % in the Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively), while with SRI-organic management, yield was found higher (4–34 %) only in the Rabi seasons compared to BMP. An average of 31 and 37 % of irrigation water were saved during Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively, with both SRI methods of rice cultivation compared to BMP. Further, total nitrogen, organic carbon%, soil dehydrogenase, microbial biomass carbon, total bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were found higher in the two SRI plots in comparison to BMP. It is concluded that SRI practices create favorable conditions for beneficial soil microbes to prosper, save irrigation water, and increase grain yield.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization between rice bean (Vigna umbellata) and its wild relative (V. minima): Fertility-sterility relationships     

M. C. Gopinathan  C. R. Babu  K. R. Shivanna 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):1017-1022

Summary The pre-and post-fertilization barriers in the interspecific crosses between Vigna umbellata and V. minima were investigated. In the reciprocal crosses (V. minima as the parent) the entry of pollen tubes into the ovary was delayed by about 4 h, and no seed set was observed. However, no pre-fertilization barriers were encountered in crosses involving V. minima as the parent and V. umbellata as the parent (normal cross). The delay/absence of divisions in the endosperm and the failure of embryo to divide were the post-fertilization barriers responsible for somatoplastic sterility in normal crosses which yielded a few hybrid seeds. The hybrid seeds showed poor germinability. The F₁ hybrids were intermediate between the parents in most morphological characters, and are completely sterile for pollen. Backcrossing of F₁ hybrid with both the parents did not restore fertility in the progenies. V. minima is considered as the tertiary gene pool of the rice bean.  相似文献   

Variation in root penetration ability, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among accessions of rice adapted to rainfed lowland and upland ecosystems   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

R. Chandra Babu  H. E. Shashidhar    J. M. Lilley    N. D. Thanh    J. D. Ray    S. Sadasivam    S. Sarkarung    J. C. O'Toole  H. T. Nguyen 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(3):233-238

Drought is the major constraint limiting rainfed rice production. The ability of rice roots to penetrate compacted soils and therefore to increase water extraction capacity, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance of leaves enables the plant to tolerate drought. Experiments were conducted to determine the extent of genetic variation in root penetration index, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica accessions adapted to rainfed lowlands as well as traditional varieties from rainfed uplands. Root penetration index was evaluated in a system using wax–petrolatum layers to simulate soil compaction. Osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were studied under slow development of water stress. Substantial genetic variation was found for root penetration index, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica ecotypes from lowlands, and the study of several traditional varieties from uplands showed variation in root penetration index and related root traits. An indica accession, IR58821‐23‐B‐1‐2‐1 had a high root penetration index of 0.38. The accessions, IR61079‐33‐1‐2‐2‐3, IR62266‐42‐6‐2 and IR63919‐38‐B‐1 had high osmotic adjustment capacities (1.91, 1.90 and 1.78 MPa, respectively); IR61079‐33‐1‐2‐2‐3 also had high dehydration tolerance. Good osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were associated with poor root system. The traditional varieties ‘Kallurundaikar’ and ‘Norungan’ had higher root penetration indices (0.46 and 0.43, respectively), than even the japonica accessions. The study identified indica accessions and traditional varieties with superior root‐ and shoot‐related drought resistance traits that could be used in breeding for drought resistance in rice.  相似文献   

Serum luteinizing hormone levels in normally and abnormally cycling Ongole cows     

K Babu Rao  P N Rao  K S Rao  K Kesava Reddy  N J Rao 《The Indian veterinary journal》1979,56(3):189-198

  相似文献   

Vapor-phase toxicity of Derris scandens Benth.-derived constituents against four stored-product pests     

Hymavathi A  Devanand P  Suresh Babu K  Sreelatha T  Pathipati UR  Madhusudana Rao J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1653-1657

The vapor-phase toxicity of Derris scandens Benth.-derived constituents was evaluated against four stored-product pests ( Callosobruchus chinensis L., Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica L., and Tribolium castaneum H.) using fumigation bioassays and compared to those of commonly used insecticides. The structures of all constituents of were characterized by spectroscopic analyses [nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry]. The sensitivity of the test insect to compounds varied with exposure time, concentration, and insect species. Over 100% mortality after 24 h was achieved with the compounds osajin (2), scandinone (5), sphaerobioside (8), and genistein (9) against all of the test insects, while laxifolin (3) and lupalbigenin (4) showed 100% mortality after 72 h against T. csataneum and R. dominica . Scandenone (1), scandenin A (6), and scandenin (7) were less effective. Among the insects, C. chinensis , S. oryzae , and R. dominica were more susceptible to the treatments, whereas T. castaneum was less susceptible. The results of fumigation tests indicated that compounds from D. scandens whole plant extract are potential candidates to control stored-product pests.  相似文献   

Ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) causing apoptosis by ROS upregulation in Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria     

Niladri Mukherjee  Prasanta SainiSuprabhat Mukherjee  Priya RoyPrajna Gayen  Santi P. Sinha Babu 《Research in veterinary science》2014

Dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent of cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in the Canine family. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves (EEA) against the microfilaria (mf) of D. immitis in vitro. EEA was evaluated for different compound classes through HPTLC. Relative motility, mortality and morphological alterations were observed in the mf after exposure to EEA. The effect of EEA on redox status in the treated mf was evaluated by some key enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters. An enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the treated mf along with altered redox status was evident. DNA fragmentation and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) confirmed apoptosis. In addition, western blotting revealed down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Taken together, the microfilaricidal activity of EEA can be attributed to its capacity to inflict oxidative stress culminating in apoptosis.  相似文献