Identification of genomic regions linked to blast (Pyricularia grisea) resistance in pearl millet     

Mahesh Pujar  Sushil Kumar  Rajan Sharma  Punna Ramu  Raman Babu  Shashi K. Gupta 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):506-517

Blast disease causes serious economic yield losses in pearl millet. Identification and introgression of genomic regions associated with blast resistance can help to develop resistant cultivars to minimize yield losses incurred from blast outbreaks. In this study, 384 advanced pearl millet genotypes were screened against six blast pathotype-isolates (major pearl millet growing agro-ecologies of India), namely, Pg 45, Pg 118, Pg 138, Pg 186, Pg 204 and Pg 232. Analysis of variance showed significant (P < .001) variation among genotypes for blast reaction (susceptible to resistance). ICMR 08111 and ICMR 10888 genotypes showed resistance to all six blast pathotypes. A genome-wide association study performed with 264,241 single nucleotide polymorphic markers could successfully identify 15 SNPs (P = 1.26 × 10⁻⁷ to 9.22 × 10⁻¹²) underlying the genomic regions governing blast-resistance across five different chromosomes. The SNPs reported had a significant association in at least two of the three models tested (GLM, MLM and Farm CPU). These SNPs can be used in pearl millet-resistant breeding programmes after their function has been validated across different genetic backgrounds.  相似文献   

The annual reproductive cycle and sex inversion of the Picnic seabream,Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål 1775) from Indian waters: Histological and morphometric description     

Shilta Madathampady Thomas  Suresh Babu Padinhate Purayil  Chadha Narinder Kumar  Asokan Pillaru Kandiyil  Vinod Kavungal  Imelda Joseph  Paramita Banerjee Sawant  Ramya Abhijith 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2917-2931

The annual reproductive cycle of picnic seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775), one of the potential aquaculture candidate from estuarine waters of Calicut, Kerala (India) was studied. Based on the morphological and histological studies, the ovotestes of A. berda were classified as active male, active female, inactive male, inactive female, transitional and undifferentiated. Histological observation of transitional gonads showed signs of degeneration in the testicular lobe, proliferation of connective tissue and empty sperm ducts indicating protandrous hermaphroditism in A. berda. Ovary was classified into seven maturity stages (virgin, developing virgin, developing, maturing, mature, running, spent) and testis into five maturity stages (resting, maturing, mature, running, spent). Gonadal development in A. berda indicated resting phase (February–July), pre‐spawning phase (March–August) and spawning phase (August–December). Inactive (24.6%) and active males (21.6%) were observed as dominant in smaller length classes (140–250 mm TL), whereas inactive (18%) and active females (51%) were observed as dominant in larger length classes (251–450 mm TL). Few primary females (28.1%) were observed in smaller (below 250 mm TL) and few primary males (28.5%) were observed in larger length classes (above 250 mm TL). From the present study, it can be concluded that in A. berda, most of the individuals function first as males and then change sex to female, but few continue to function as either male or female throughout their lifespan indicating digynous protandrous hermaphroditism.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary rosemary extract on cell-mediated immunity of young rats     

U.S. Babu  P.L. Wiesenfeld  M.Y. Jenkins 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(2):169-174

The impact of rosemary extract on splenic mononuclear cell proliferation was determined. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200 or 400 ppm rosemary extract or 400 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in combinatiion with 10 or 20% casein enriched diets for 8 weeks. Splenic mononuclear cells were isolated from these animals and mitogenic response to Concanavalin A (Con A), Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide was determined. Con A and PHA-stimulated proliferation of spleen cells from rats fed 10% casein and 200 ppm rosemary extract was significantly higher than that of cells from the corresponding control animals. However, other levels of rosemary at 10% dietary casein or rosemary at any concentration fed along with 20% dietary casein had no impact on the mitogenic stimulation of splenic mononuclear cells. Thus, these results suggest that the use of rosemary might not have a generalized immunoenhancing effect, and will probably be effective in some stressed conditions, such as protein or antioxidant deficiency.  相似文献   

Long‐term effects of organic manure and manufactured fertilizer additions on soil quality and sustainable productivity of finger millet under a finger millet–groundnut cropping system in southern India          下载免费PDF全文

A. Sathish  B. K. Ramachandrappa  M. A. Shankar  P. N. Srikanth Babu  CH. Srinivasarao  K. L. Sharma 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(3):311-321

In a 20‐yr‐old long‐term experiment, the impact of continuous application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and the sustainability of finger millet production was conducted on two cropping systems: finger millet and finger millet–groundnut on an Alfisol of semi‐arid southern India. The study was conducted from 1992 to 2011 at the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, UAS, Bangalore, using a randomized block design. The treatments comprised of T₁: control [no fertilizer and no farmyard manure (FYM) applied], T₂: FYM 10 t/ha, T₃: FYM 10 t/ha + 50% of recommended NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha), T₄: FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK and T₅: 100% recommended NPK. Comparison of long‐term yield data between treatments was used to calculate a ‘sustainability yield index’ (SYI), which was greatest for T₄ (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK), in both rotational (0.68) and monocropping (0.63) situations. Soil quality indices were determined using principal component analysis linear scoring functions. The key indicators which contributed to the soil quality index (SQI) under rotation were organic C; potentially available N; extractable P, K and S; exchangeable Ca and Mg; dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C and N. The largest SQI (7.29) was observed in T₄ (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% NPK), and the smallest (3.70) SQI was for the control. Application of 10 t/ha FYM together with NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha) sustained a mean yield of 3884 kg/ha.  相似文献   

Application of encapsulated nano materials as feed additive in livestock and poultry: a review     

Rajendran  Duraisamy  Ezhuthupurakkal  Preedia Babu  Lakshman  Rithu  Gowda  Nisarani Kollurappa Shivakumar  Manimaran  Ayyasamy  Rao  Somu BN 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(2):315-328

Veterinary Research Communications - Livestock plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of developing countries by providing livelihood and nutritional security, transport,...  相似文献   

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Acanthus ilicifolius   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Babu BH  Shylesh BS  Padikkala J 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(3):272-277

The alcoholic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves inhibited the formation of oxygen derived free radicals (ODFR) in vitro with IC(50) of 550 microg/ml, 2750 microg/ml, 670 microg/ml and 600 microg/ml (Fe(2+)/ascorbate system), 980 microg/ml (Fe(3+)/ADP/ascorbate system) for superoxide radical production, hydroxyl radical generation, nitric oxide radical formation and lipid peroxide formation, respectively. The oral administration of the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced CCl(4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats, as judged from the serum and tissue activity of marker enzymes [glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. These results were comparable with those obtained with curcumin (100 mg/kg, p.o.).  相似文献   

Uniparental inheritance of purple leaf and the associated resistance to leafminer in castor bean     

K. Anjani    M. Pallavi    S. N. Sudhakara Babu 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(5):515-520

Leafminer ( Liriomyza trifolii Burgess), Diptera Agromyzidae, is one of the insect pests that causes economic damage to castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) foliage. Green leaf type is a common phenotype in castor bean and highly susceptible to leafminer. The rare purple leaf type germplasm accessions showed stable resistance to leafminer. Studies were carried out to understand the inheritance of purple leaf and the associated leafminer resistance. Direct and reciprocal crosses were made between a purple leaf parent RG1930 and a green leaf parent RG2788. RG1930 is resistant to leafminer while RG2788 is susceptible. Reciprocal differences were noted in segregation pattern of purple leaf colour as well as resistance to leafminer. Purple leaf phenotype was obtained only in purple × green (RG1930 × RG2788) cross where the female parent was a purple leaf phenotype. The reciprocal cross green × purple (RG2788 × RG1930) produced only the green leaf phenotype. Uniparental inheritance was observed for purple leaf phenotype and resistance to leafminer in F₁, F₂, F₃ and backcross generations. Progenies with a dark purple leaf were resistant to leafminer while those with a green leaf were susceptible. Visual association between a purple leaf and resistance to leafminer and their uniparental inheritance were clearly established. The role of heritable epigenetic effects are discussed in expression of purple pigment in offspring.  相似文献   

Growth and Development of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Cultivars under Shade in Coconut Garden     

R. Chandra  Babu M. Nagarajan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):279-283

The growth and development of seven soybean cultivars were studied under shade in a coconut garden. Higher shoot height, internodal elongation and lower leaf area index were the most significant growth changes noticed under shade. Leaf net photosynthesis, crop growth rate and seed yield were also reduced under shade. The cultivars CO 1, UGM 30 and UGM 37 recorded higher yield under shade when compared to other cultivars tested.  相似文献   

Potassium application reduces methane emission from a flooded field planted to rice     

Y. Jagadeesh Babu  D. R. Nayak  T. K. Adhya 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(6):532-541

In a field study, potassium (K) applied as muriate of potash (MOP) significantly reduced methane (CH₄) emission from a flooded alluvial soil planted to rice. Cumulative emission was highest in control plots (125.34 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹), while the lowest emission was recorded in field plots receiving 30 kg K ha⁻¹ (63.81 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹), with a 49% reduction in CH₄ emission. Potassium application prevented a drop in the redox potential and reduced the contents of active reducing substances and Fe²⁺ content in the rhizosphere soil. Potassium amendment also inhibited methanogenic bacteria and stimulated methanotrophic bacterial population. Results suggest that, apart form producing higher plant biomass (both above- and underground) and grain yield, K amendment can effectively reduce CH₄ emission from flooded soil and could be developed into an effective mitigation option, especially in K-deficient soils.  相似文献   

Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Finger Millet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eleusine coracana</Emphasis> (L.) Gaertn.) Accessions using Molecular Markers     

B. Kalyana Babu  N. Senthil  S. Michael Gomez  K. R. Biji  N. S. Rajendraprasad  S. Satheesh Kumar  R. Chandra Babu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):399-404

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), an allotetraploid cereal, is widely cultivated in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Being rich in protein and calcium, finger millet serves as an important staple food for rural populations in developing tropical countries where calcium deficiency and anemia are wide spread. Thirty-two finger millet genotypes were fingerprinted using 50 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of the total 529 loci generated using the 50 RAPD primers, 479 loci (91%) were polymorphic and informative to differentiate the accessions. Cluster analysis grouped the 32 finger millet accessions into two major clusters. Among the 32 finger millet genotypes, GEC 182 and CO 12 were distantly related with a low similarity index of 0.315. These two accessions also differed considerably in days to flowering and grain weight; GEC 182 is early flowering and has bold grains, while CO 12 is late flowering and has smaller grains. These two accessions with higher diversity at molecular level, phenology and grain weight will be ideal as parents in hybridization programme, to develop improved finger millet varieties suitable for peninsular region of India.  相似文献