Effects of Application of Organic and Inorganic Wastes for Restoration of Sulphur-Mine Soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raquel Melgar-Ramírez  Verónica González  Juan Antonio Sánchez  Inés García 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):6123-6131

In situ remediation with waste material is an inexpensive method to reduce contaminant availability in polluted soil. The experiments were done to investigate the effects of possible in situ application of two different amendments: inorganic material (marble sludge) and organic material (horticultural waste compost) on chemical and biological properties of abandoned metalliferous mine wastes. The results show that the application of inorganic material raises the pH above neutrality and the combination of inorganic and organic material would produce the highest ratio of biological activity. The reductions of available Zn, Pb and As in lime, organic and lime/organic amendments were favoured by incubation time. However, available Cd content increased after 275?days of incubation, except the treatment with inorganic amendment. This work denoted that the application of lime with organic amendments has a better effect than the lime alone because the addition of both amendments improves both soil chemical and biological properties.  相似文献   

The importance of the gravel excavation industry for the conservation of grassland butterflies     

Magdalena Lenda  Piotr Skórka  Dawid Moroń  Zuzanna M. Rosin  Piotr Tryjanowski 《Biological conservation》2012,148(1):180-190

Conservation biology often relies on the protection of (semi)natural habitat remnants. However, the ever increasing human population is taking over natural resources and habitats. Here, contrary to most other studies, we ask how human-associated severe changes in the environment can be used to enrich local biodiversity. We tested if industrial activity (gravel excavation) leads to the creation of habitats that support grassland butterflies and how these areas add to the richness of local species when compared to typical semi-natural habitats (grasslands). We also identified key factors affecting the richness, abundance, diversity and commonness of butterfly species to provide practical recommendations. Species richness, diversity index and the occurrence of rare species were higher in gravel-pit shores than in grasslands. The richness of butterfly species and their abundance were positively affected by the richness of plant species, shrub density and age of the gravel-pit but negatively by the cover of water reservoirs in the surrounding area and the isolation of gravel-pits from grasslands. Butterfly diversity was positively influenced by the richness of plant species and proximity of human settlement but negatively by area of the shore and isolation. Our study is the first one to show the high value of gravel-pits for the conservation of butterflies. We recommend the inclusion of gravel-pits in a system of ecological networks and management of their surroundings to improve the colonization rate of rare species. We suggests that directing interest to the possible positive effects of industrial development on biodiversity may support conservation efforts.  相似文献   

Discriminating soil crust type,development stage and degree of disturbance in semiarid environments from their spectral characteristics     

S. Chamizo  A. Stevens  Y. Cantón  I. Miralles  F. Domingo  B. Van Wesemael 《European Journal of Soil Science》2012,63(1):42-53

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are increasingly recognized as common features in arid and semiarid ecosystems and play an important role in the hydrological and ecological functioning of these ecosystems. However, BSCs are very vulnerable to, in particular, human disturbance. This results in a complex spatial pattern of BSCs in various stages of development. Such patterns, to a large extent, determine runoff and erosion processes in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In recent years, visible and near infrared (Vis‐NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been used for large‐scale mapping of the distribution of BSCs. Our goals were (i) to demonstrate the efficiency of Vis‐NIR spectroscopy in discriminating vegetation, physical soil crusts, various developmental stages of BSCs, and various types of disturbance on BSCs and (ii) to develop a classification system for these types of ground cover based on Vis‐NIR spectroscopy. Spectral measurements were taken of vegetation, physical crusts and various types of BSCs prior to, and following, trampling or removal with a scraper in two semiarid areas in SE Spain. The main spectral differences were: (i) absorption by water at about 1450 nm, more intense in the spectra of vegetation than in those of physical crusts or BSCs, (ii) absorption features at about 500 and 680 nm for the BSCs, which were absent or very weak for physical crusts, (iii) a shallower slope between about 750 and 980 nm for physical crusts and early‐successional BSCs than for later‐successional BSCs and (iv) a steeper slope between about 680 and 750 nm for the most developed BSCs. A partial least squares regression‐linear discriminant analysis of the spectral data resulted in a reliable classification (Kappa coefficients over 0.90) of the various types of ground cover and types of BSC disturbance. The distinctive spectral features of vegetation, physical crusts and the various developmental stages of BSCs were used to develop a classification system. This will be a promising tool for mapping BSCs with hyperspectral remote sensing.  相似文献   

A 15-year study on the treatment of undernourished children at a nutrition rehabilitation centre (CREN), Brazil     

Fernandes MB  López RV  de Albuquerque MP  Marchesano AC  Clemente AP  Martins VJ  Sawaya AL 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(6):1108-1116

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Mercury content in volcanic soils across Europe and its relationship with soil properties     

Susana Peña-Rodríguez  Xabier Pontevedra-Pombal  David Fernández-Calviño  Teresa Taboada  Manuel Arias-Estévez  Antonio Martínez-Cortizas  Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz  Eduardo García-Rodeja 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(4):542-555

Purpose  

Volcanoes are a natural source of Hg, whose deposition can occur in neighbouring soils. This study examines the role of soil compounds in the geochemical behaviour of total Hg (Hg _T ) in volcanic soils. An estimation of Hg from lithological origin is also assessed to ascertain the relevance of other sources in Hg _T accumulated in volcanic soils.  相似文献   

Aged Garlic Extract Attenuates Cerebral Damage and Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction after Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats     

Colín-González AL  Ortiz-Plata A  Villeda-Hernández J  Barrera D  Molina-Jijón E  Pedraza-Chaverrí J  Maldonado PD 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(4):348-354

Different garlic products reduce the cerebral ischemic damage due to their antioxidant properties. In this work, we investigated the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels and activity, and its role as a possible mechanism of neuroprotection in a cerebral ischemia model. Animals were subjected to 1 h of ischemia plus 24 h of reperfusion. AGE (1.2 ml/kg weight, i.p.) was administered at onset of reperfusion. To evaluate the damage induced by cerebral ischemia, the neurological deficit, the infarct area, and the histological alterations were measured. As an oxidative stress marker to deoxyribonucleic acid, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined. Finally, as inflammatory markers, TNFα levels and COX-2 protein levels and activity were measured. AGE treatment diminished the neurological alterations (61.6%), the infarct area (54.8%) and the histological damage (37.7%) induced by cerebral ischemia. AGE administration attenuated the increase in 8-OHdG levels (77.8%), in TNFα levels (76.6%), and in COX-2 protein levels (73.6%) and activity (30.7%) induced after 1 h of ischemia plus 24 h of reperfusion. These data suggest that the neuroprotective effect of AGE is associated not only to its antioxidant properties, but also with its capacity to diminish the increase in TNFα levels and COX-2 protein expression and activity. AGE may have the potential to attenuate the cerebral ischemia-induced inflammation.  相似文献   

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species     

Alejandro Carlos Tozzini  María Fernanda Ceriani  María Verónica Saladrigas  H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).  相似文献   

Comparison of procedures to determine protein content of developing bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris)     

O. Paredes-López  F. Guevara-Lara  M. L. Schevenin-Pinedo  R. Montes-Rivera 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(2):137-148

Micro-Kjeldahl, Lowry and Bradford procedures were compared for determining the protein content ofPhaseolus vulgaris seeds during their development. Micro-Kjeldahl and biuret techniques were also compared with mature seeds of a normal and a genetically-improved bean cultivar. The protein contents of casein and soy protein isolate were as well estimated by these four methods. For many samples of both bean and food protein products large disagreements were found between micro-Kjeldahl and the other three procedures.  相似文献   

d24-hour changes in circulating prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone in male rats subjected to social isolation     

Esquifino AI  Chacón F  Jimenez V  Reyes Toso CF  Cardinali DP 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2004,2(1):1

BACKGROUND: This work analyzes the effect of social isolation (a mild stressor) on the 24-h variation of pituitary-testicular function in young Wistar rats, assessed by measuring circulating levels of prolactin, FSH, LH and testosterone. METHODS: Animals were either individually caged or kept in groups (4-5 animals per cage) under a 12:12 h light-dark cycle (lights on at 0800 h) for 30 days starting on day 35 of life. Rats were killed at 4-h intervals during a 24-h cycle, beginning at 0900 h. RESULTS: Isolation brought about a decrease in prolactin, LH and testosterone secretion and an increase of FSH secretion. In isolated rats the 24-h secretory pattern of prolactin and testosterone became modified, i.e., the maximum in prolactin seen in control animals at the beginning of the activity span was no longer detected, whereas the maximum in circulating testosterone taking place at 1700 h in controls was phase-delayed to 2100 h in isolated rats. CONCLUSION: Social isolation affects the 24-h variation of pituitary-testicular function in young rats. Secretion of prolactin, LH and testosterone decreases, and secretion of FSH increases, in isolated rats. The maximum in prolactin seen in group-caged rats at the beginning of the activity span is not observed in isolated rats. The maximum in circulating testosterone taking place at the second part of the rest span in controls is phase-delayed to the light-dark transition in isolated rats.  相似文献   

Toxic effects of methoxychlor on the episodic prolactin secretory pattern: Possible mediated effects of nitric oxide production     

Anunciación Lafuente  Teresa Cabaleiro  Pilar Cano  Ana I Esquifino 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2006,4(1):3-9

Background  

This work addresses the issue of whether methoxychlor (MTX) exposure may modify the ultradian secretion of prolactin through changes in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) induced by N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Associated changes in dopamine (DA) content in the anterior (AH), mediobasal (MBH) and posterior hypothalamus (PH) and median eminence (ME) were evaluated.  相似文献