Strange bedfellows? Techno-fixes to solve the big conservation issues in southern Asia     

Barry W. Brook  Corey J.A. Bradshaw 《Biological conservation》2012,151(1):7-10

The conservation challenges facing mega-biodiverse South and Southeast Asia in the 21st century are enormous. For millennia, much of the habitat of these regions was only lightly modified by human endeavour, yet now it is experiencing rampant deforestation, logging, biofuel cropping, invasive species expansion, and the synergies of climate change, drought, fire and sea-level rise. Although small-scale conservation management might assist some species and habitats, the broader sweep of problems requires big thinking and some radical solutions. Given the long expected lead times between progressive economic development and stabilization of human population size and consumption rates, we argue that ‘technological fixes’ cannot be ignored if we are to address social and fiscal drivers of environmental degradation and associated species extinctions in rapidly developing regions like southern Asia. The pursuit of cheap and abundant ‘clean’ energy from an economically rational mix of nuclear power, geothermal, solar, wind, and hydrogen-derivative ‘synfuels’, is fundamental to this goal. This will permit pathways of high-tech economic development that include intensified (high energy-input) agriculture over small land areas, full recycling of material goods, a transition from fossil-fuel use for transport and electricity generation, a rejection of tropical biofuels that require vast areas of arable land for production, and a viable alternative to the damming of major waterways like the Mekong, Murum and northern tributaries of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers for hydroelectricity. Rational approaches that work at large scales must be used to deal with the ultimate, rather than just proximate, drivers of biodiversity loss in the rapidly developing regions of southern Asia.  相似文献   

Scanning electron microscopy of pulp cavity dentin in dogs--vol. 27     

Rathfon BL 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2011,28(2):70; author reply 70

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A new blood parasite within the relict endemic New Zealand gecko Hoplodactylus duvaucelii     

Barry M  Peirce MA  Heath AC  Brunton DH  Barraclough RK 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):199-202

Duvaucel geckos (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) are large endemic lizards that have been extirpated from the New Zealand mainland due to introduced mammalian predators. This species has subsequently become the subject of species translocation conservation management in an endeavour to increase the number of populations and as a part of island ecological restoration. Blood sampling of a captive adult male after tail autotomy led to the discovery of a Rickettsia-like organism within this gecko's erythrocytes. We conclude that this infection was acquired at the gecko's source location, a remote island closed to the general public and lacking potential invasive parasite reservoir reptiles. The likely vector is the native mite Geckobia naultina. This finding represents valuable new baseline information about the health parameters of this threatened species. Particularly in the light of the paucity of reported blood parasitism in New Zealand reptiles, the conservation management of this species through relocation and captive-breeding, and the on-going concerns regarding the introduction of novel parasites to New Zealand.  相似文献   

Norsesquiterpene glycosides in bracken ferns (Pteridium esculentum and Pteridium aquilinum subsp. wightianum) from Eastern Australia: reassessed poisoning risk to animals     

Fletcher MT  Brock IJ  Reichmann KG  McKenzie RA  Blaney BJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):5133-5138

Austral bracken Pteridium esculentum contains three unstable norsesquiterpene glycosides: ptaquiloside, ptesculentoside, and caudatoside, in variable proportions. The concentration of each of the glycosides was determined in this study as their respective degradation products, pterosin B, pterosin G and pterosin A, by HPLC-UV analysis. Samples of P. esculentum collected from six sites in eastern Australia contained up to 17 mg of total glycoside/g DW, with both ptaquiloside and ptesculentoside present as major components accompanied by smaller amounts of caudatoside. Ratios of ptaquiloside to ptesculentoside varied from 1:3 to 4:3, but in all Australian samples ptesculentoside was a significant component. This profile differed substantially from that of P. esculentum from New Zealand, which contained only small amounts of both ptesculentoside and caudatoside, with ptaquiloside as the dominant component. A similar profile with ptaquiloside as the dominant glycoside was obtained for Pteridium aquilinum subsp. wightianum (previously P. revolutum ) from northern Queensland and also P. aquilinum from European sources. Ptesculentoside has chemical reactivity similar to that of ptaquiloside and presumably biological activity similar to that of this potent carcinogen. The presence of this additional reactive glycoside in Australian P. esculentum implies greater toxicity for consuming animals than previously estimated from ptaquiloside content alone.  相似文献   

Association of fecal sample collection technique and treatment history with Tritrichomonas foetus polymerase chain reaction test results in 1717 cats     

Barry A. Hedgespeth  Stephen H. Stauffer  James B. Robertson  Jody L. Gookin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(2):734-741

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Compost Research Runs “Hot” and “Cold” at La Trobe University     

Barry J. Macauley  Bruce Stone  Kenji Iiyama  Ewan R. Harper  Frederick C. Miller 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(1):6-12

? Careful monitoring of the composting process — physically, chemically and biologically — enables managers to determine key nutritional and ecological factors vital to production of a quality compost. At La Trobe University, trials compared composts which achieve high temperature (80° C) with those controlled at moderate thermophilic temperatures (45 — 55° C) to demonstrate whether the hot phase is essential or whether composts of equal nutritional status can be produced by processing at lower temperatures.  相似文献   

Measurement of Total Dietary Fiber Using AOAC Method 2009.01 (AACC International Approved Method 32‐45.01): Evaluation and Updates     

Barry V. McCleary  Naomi Sloane  Anna Draga  Ida Lazewska 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(4):396-414

The Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling recently recommended 14 methods for measurement of dietary fiber, eight of these being type I methods. Of these type I methods, AACC International Approved Method 32‐45.01 (AOAC method 2009.01) is the only procedure that measures all of the dietary fiber components as defined by Codex Alimentarius. Other methods such as the Prosky method (AACCI Approved Method 32‐05.01) give similar analytical data for the high‐molecular‐weight dietary fiber contents of food and vegetable products low in resistant starch. In the current work, AACCI Approved Method 32‐45.01 has been modified to allow accurate measurement of samples high in particular fructooligosaccharides: for example, fructotriose, which, in the HPLC system used, chromatographs at the same point as disaccharides, meaning that it is currently not included in the measurement. Incubation of the resistant oligosaccharides fraction with sucrase/β‐galactosidase removes disaccharides that interfere with the quantitation of this fraction. The dietary fiber value for resistant starch type 4 (RS₄), varies significantly with different analytical methods, with much lower values being obtained with AACCI Approved Method 32‐45.01 than with 32‐05.01. This difference results from the greater susceptibility of RS₄ to hydrolysis by pancreatic α‐amylase than by bacterial α‐amylase, and also a greater susceptibility to hydrolysis at lower temperatures. On hydrolysis of samples high in starch in the assay format of AACCI Approved Method 32‐45.01 (AOAC method 2009.01), resistant maltodextrins are produced. The major component is a heptasaccharide that is highly resistant to hydrolysis by most of the starch‐degrading enzymes studied. However, it is hydrolyzed by the maltase/ amyloglucosidase/isomaltase enzyme complex present in the brush border lining of the small intestine. As a consequence, AOAC methods 2009.01 and 2011.25 (AACCI Approved Methods 32‐45.01 and 32‐50.01, respectively) must be updated to include an additional incubation with amyloglucosidase to remove these oligosaccharides.  相似文献   

Effect of method of irrigation on the total glycoalkaloid and nitrate-nitrogen content of Rosa potatoes     

Barry Gosselin  Nell I. Mondy  W. D. Evans 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(2):99-103

The effect of two irrigation methods, microjet mist and impact sprinkler, on the total glycoalkaloid (TGA) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO_3?N) content ofSolanum tuberosum L. cv. Rosa was investigated. Potatoes irrigated by microjet mist were significantly higher in TGA and lower in NO_3?N content than control potatoes receiving no irrigation. The impact sprinkler method produced potatoes significantly higher in NO_3?N than controls. The TGA content of potatoes irrigated by the sprinkler method was not significantly different from controls. Mist-irrigated potatoes were higher in TGA and lower in NO_3?N content than sprinkler-irrigated potatoes.  相似文献   

Rapid phase adjustment of melatonin and core body temperature rhythms following a 6-h advance of the light/dark cycle in the horse     

Barbara A Murphy  Jeffrey A Elliott  Dawn R Sessions  Mandi M Vick  Erin L Kennedy  Barry P Fitzgerald 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2007,5(1):5-9

Background  

Rapid displacement across multiple time zones results in a conflict between the new cycle of light and dark and the previously entrained program of the internal circadian clock, a phenomenon known as jet lag. In humans, jet lag is often characterized by malaise, appetite loss, fatigue, disturbed sleep and performance deficit, the consequences of which are of particular concern to athletes hoping to perform optimally at an international destination. As a species renowned for its capacity for athletic performance, the consequences of jet lag are also relevant for the horse. However, the duration and severity of jet lag related circadian disruption is presently unknown in this species. We investigated the rates of re-entrainment of serum melatonin and core body temperature (BT) rhythms following an abrupt 6-h phase advance of the LD cycle in the horse.  相似文献   

Measurement of cereal α-amylase: A new assay procedure     

Barry V. McCleary  Helen Sheehan 《Journal of Cereal Science》1987,6(3)

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