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Bokhof B Buyken AE Doğan C Karaboğa A Kaiser J Sonntag A Kroke A 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(4):640-647
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Inger Beate Standal Revilija Mozuraityte Turid Rustad Leili Alinasabhematabadi Nils-Gunnar Carlsson Ingrid Undeland 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2018,27(3):338-357
Quality changes of vacuum-packed Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) fillets during 12 months’ frozen storage at ?27°C and 9 days’ chilled storage at +4°C were evaluated. Freezing at ?27°C preserved the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), both in light and dark muscle, vitamin D, and the low molecular weight metabolites (LMW) (studied by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, HR NMR). Protein oxidation took place, especially between 1 and 7 months, decreasing water holding capacity and protein extractability. During chilled storage, no lipid or protein oxidation was observed, but lipolysis increased, and several LMW metabolites relevant for sensory and nutritional quality degraded into non-favorable compounds. The content of biogenic amines was high at day 9 (e.g., 18 mg histamine/100 g), jeopardizing safety. Preservation of mackerel fillets by freezing at ?27°C is thus a better option compared to prolonged chilled storage at +4°C; the quality was well preserved for 12 months’ frozen storage. 相似文献
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Esatbeyoglu T Jaschok-Kentner B Wray V Winterhalter P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(1):62-69
Procyanidin dimers and trimers, needed as reference compounds for biological studies, have been synthesized from various natural sources using a semisynthetic approach and purified by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). In the past, it has been difficult to elucidate the structure of these compounds, especially the determination of the interflavanoid bond. Here, the structure of two B-type procyanidin dimers, with (+)-catechin ((+)-C) in the upper unit, and eight C-type procyanidin trimers, with (-)-epicatechin ((-)-EC) in the upper unit, have been elucidated using low-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy, as well as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. This is the first time NOE interactions have been used to characterize the interflavanoid linkage in underivatized procyanidin trimers. Complete analyses of procyanidin C1 (-)-EC-4β→8-(-)-EC-4β→8-(-)-EC, (-)-EC-4β→8-(-)-EC-4β→8-(+)-C, (-)-EC-4β→6-(-)-EC-4β→8-(-)-EC, (-)-EC-4β→6-(-)-EC-4β→8-(+)-C, (-)-EC-4β→8-(-)-EC-4β→6-(-)-EC, (-)-EC-4β→8-(-)-EC-4β→6-(+)-C, (-)-EC-4β→8-(+)-C-4α→8-(-)-EC, procyanidin C4 (-)-EC-4β→8-(+)-C-4α→8-(+)-C, and procyanidin dimers B6 (+)-C-4α→6-(+)-C and B8 (+)-C-4α→6-(-)-EC are presented. 相似文献
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Functional characterization of enone oxidoreductases from strawberry and tomato fruit 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Klein D Fink B Arold B Eisenreich W Schwab W 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(16):6705-6711
Fragaria x ananassa enone oxidoreductase (FaEO), earlier putatively assigned as quinone oxidoreductase, is a ripening-induced, negatively auxin-regulated enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF), the key flavor compound in strawberry fruit by the reduction of the alpha,beta-unsaturated bond of the highly reactive precursor 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylene-3(2H)-furanone (HMMF). Here we show that recombinant FaEO does not reduce the double bond of straight-chain 2-alkenals or 2-alkenones but rather hydrogenates previously unknown HMMF derivatives substituted at the methylene functional group. The furanones were prepared from 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone with a number of aldehydes and a ketone. The kinetic data for the newly synthesized aroma-active substrates and products are similar to the values obtained for an enone oxidoreductase from Arabidopsis thaliana catalyzing the alpha,beta-hydrogenation of 2-alkenals. HMMF, the substrate of FaEO that is formed during strawberry fruit ripening, was also detected in tomato and pineapple fruit by HPLC-ESI-MSn and became 13C-labeled when d-[6-13C]-glucose was applied to the fruits, which suggested that a similar HDMF biosynthetic pathway occurs in the different plant species. With a database search (http://ted.bti.cornell.edu/ and http://genet.imb.uq.edu.au/Pineapple/), we identified a tomato and pineapple expressed sequence tag that shows significant homology to FaEO. Solanum lycopersicon EO (SlEO) was cloned from cDNA, and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Biochemical studies confirmed the involvement of SlEO in the biosynthesis of HDMF in tomato fruit. 相似文献
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Sausenthaler S Kompauer I Mielck A Borte M Herbarth O Schaaf B von Berg A Heinrich J 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(1):24-33
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the association between socio-economic indicators and diet among 2-year-old children, by assessing the independent contribution of parental education and equivalent income to food intake. DESIGN: The analysis was based on data from a prospective birth cohort study. Information on diet was obtained using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Low and high intake of food was defined according to the lowest and the highest quintile of food consumption frequency, respectively. SETTING: Four German cities (Munich, Leipzig, Wesel, Bad Honnef), 1999-2001.Subjects Subjects were 2637 children at the age of 2 years, whose parents completed questionnaires gathering information on lifestyle factors, including parental socio-economic status, household consumption frequencies and children's diet. RESULTS: Both low parental education and low equivalent income were associated with a low intake of fresh fruit, cooked vegetables and olive oil, and a high intake of canned vegetables or fruit, margarine, mayonnaise and processed salad dressing in children. Children with a low intake of milk and cream, and a high intake of hardened vegetable fat, more likely had parents with lower education. Low butter intake was associated with low equivalent income only. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may be helpful for future intervention programmes with more targeted policies aiming at an improvement of children's diets. 相似文献