Effects of roasting on hazelnut lipids     

Amaral JS  Casal S  Seabra RM  Oliveira BP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1315-1321

The effect of roasting on some nutritional characteristics of hazelnut lipidic fraction was investigated. Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) were submitted to several different thermal treatments, comprising different temperatures (125-200 degrees C) and times of exposure (5, 15, and 30 min) and analyzed for their moisture and crude fat. Raw and roasted hazelnuts were also analyzed for their compositions in phytosterols and fatty acids (including trans isomers) by GC-FID, triacylglycerols by HPLC-ELSD, and tocopherols and tocotrienols by HPLC-DAD/fluorescence spectroscopy. Minor changes occurred in the fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions. As temperatures and roasting periods increased, generally, a modest increase of oleic and saturated fatty acids and a decrease of linoleic acid, expressed as relative percentages, occurred. Similarly, an increase of triacylglycerols containing oleic acid moieties and a decrease of those containing linoleic acid moieties were found in the roasted samples. Roasting caused a modest decrease of the beneficial phytosterols (maximum 14.4%) and vitamin E homologues (maximum 10.0%) and a negligible increase of the trans fatty acids.  相似文献   

Ethnobotanical knowledge of Philippine lowland farmers and its application in agroforestry     

Gerhard Langenberger  Vanessa Prigge  Konrad Martin  Beatriz Belonias  Joachim Sauerborn 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(1):173-194

Complex agroforestry systems that mimic local forest structure, so-called ‘analogs’, are assumed to be of specific value to rural people as well as the environment. The objective of this study was to document and evaluate the utilization of plant resources by Philippine lowland farmers to identify native species suitable for integration in such a system. The interviewed farmers maintain a comprehensive ethnobotanical knowledge. They reported using 122 plant species for 77 purposes. Eighty species have medicinal value, 35 provide food, and 32 serve other uses. About 64% of the identified species are Philippine natives. The life form composition of these species is dominated by trees but also includes herbs, lianas, and graminoids, thus providing the structural elements required in analog systems. Nevertheless, only a few of the species seem to be promising for cultivation. Many of them are ubiquitous in the vicinity of villages. Some species are also not much appreciated but act as staple food only during food shortage. Even though several of the species have proven market value, such as rattan (e.g. Calamus merrillii), or are reputed medicines, such as ‘Philippine ginseng’ (Sarcandra glabra), no cultivation could be observed. This shows that usefulness in itself cannot be the only criterion to promote species but that it requires a careful analysis of the marketability of the respective species. In this context we suggest the following three species that are of proven medicinal value for in-depth study: the liana Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae), the tree Picrasma javanica (Simaroubaceae), and the herb Sarcandra glabra (Chloranthaceae). They represent three different life form strategies and would thus fit well in vertically structured agroforestry systems.  相似文献   

Contrasting phenology and female cone characteristics of the two Macaronesian island endemic cedars (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus cedrus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">J. brevifolia</Emphasis>)     

Beatriz Rumeu  Manuel Nogales  Rui B. Elias  David P. Padilla  Tiago Resendes  Airam Rodríguez  Francisco Valdés  Eduardo Dias 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(6):567-574

Phenology and female cone characteristics of the two endemic cedars (Juniperus cedrus and J. brevifolia) from the Macaronesian islands were studied. Despite their closely taxonomic affinity and their evolution under insular conditions, different trends were recorded. Mature J. cedrus female cones were present throughout the year, while those from J. brevifolia were only present in summer and autumn. J. cedrus female cone size was significantly larger than that of J. brevifolia, a trend consistent with the presence of larger vertebrates (lizards and birds) in the Canary Islands. However, water content was four times higher in J. brevifolia female cones, which can be related with the higher rainfall existing in the Azores. J. cedrus has two or three seeds per cone, whereas J. brevifolia frequently had three. Seeds from J. cedrus were clearly larger and heavier, coinciding with the female cone size trend. However, tetrazolium tests revealed higher viability values in J. brevifolia. The relatively low percentage of filled seeds in J. cedrus could be a consequence of the climatic stress and limits to pollination due to fragmented populations as described for other Juniperus species. In summary, our results reveal that some environmental factors such as the harsh conditions, high population fragmentation and the dependence on large dispersers have compromised the fitness of J. cedrus in the Canary Islands.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Egg White Protein-Based Coatings to Improve the Protection of Frozen Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)     

Laura Rodríguez-Turienzo  Beatriz Sanmartín  Olga Díaz 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(6):928-939

ABSTRACT

The effects of different egg white protein coatings on Atlantic salmon quality preservation after 4 months of frozen storage were evaluated. These coatings increased the yield of the fillets and protected them from lipid oxidation, providing better protection than glazing. Egg white protein coatings were better options than glazing to preserve salmon color during frozen storage. The best results were obtained with the application of coatings before freezing. No clear effects of the type and concentration of plasticizer in most quality parameters were found. Egg white protein + glycerol 2:1 applied before freezing was the best coating for frozen Atlantic salmon protection.  相似文献   

Cardiopulmonary effects of reverse Trendelenburg position at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers     

Marcelo A. Araújo  Maurício Deschk  Juliana T. Wagatsuma  Beatriz P. Floriano  Carlos E. Siqueira  Valéria NLS. Oliva  Paulo SP. Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):854-864

Objective

To assess the cardiopulmonary effects caused by reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized yearling steers.

Study design

Prospective, experimental study.

Animals

Eight Holstein steers aged (mean ± standard deviation) 12 ± 2 months and weighing 145 ± 26 kg.

Methods

In the first phase of the study, the individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was determined using electrical stimulation. In the second phase, the effects of RTP were assessed. The animals were anesthetized on three separate events separated by ≥7 days in an incomplete crossover design: control treatment using a table without tilt (RTP0); treatment with the table at 5° RTP (RTP5) and table tilted 10° RTP (RTP10). Subjects were physically restrained in dorsal recumbency on the table, which was already tilted according to each treatment. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane at 8% in 5 L minute^–1 oxygen via face mask followed by maintenance with sevoflurane at 1.3 MAC and spontaneous breathing. Cardiopulmonary variables were obtained immediately after instrumentation (T₀) and then after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (T₃₀, T₆₀, T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀, respectively).

Results

The mean sevoflurane MAC for the eight steers was 2.12 ± 0.31%. Cardiac output was lower at all time points and the systemic vascular resistance index was higher at T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0. Oxygen consumption was lower at T₀ and at T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and at all time points except T₃₀ compared with RTP5. Oxygen extraction was lower at T₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and RTP5, and at T₆₀ and T₁₈₀ compared with RTP5.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

RTP 5° and 10° did not improve ventilatory and oxygenation variables in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers when compared with no tilt, however the cardiovascular variables were adversely affected in RTP10.  相似文献   

Validation of a thermal threshold nociceptive model in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)     

Émilie L. Couture  Beatriz P. Monteiro  Jessica Aymen  Eric Troncy  Paulo V. Steagall 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):676-683

Objectives

To validate a thermal threshold (TT) nociceptive model in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and to document TT changes after administration of morphine.

Study design

A two-part randomized, blinded, controlled, experimental study.

Animals

Five adult bearded dragons (242–396 g).

Methods

A TT device delivered a ramped nociceptive stimulus (0.6 °C second^?1) to the medial thigh until a response (leg kick/escape behavior) was observed or maximum (cut-off) temperature of 62 °C was reached. In phase I, period 1, six TT readings were determined at 20 minute intervals for evaluation of repeatability. Two of these readings were randomly assigned to be sham to assess specificity of the behavioral response. The same experiment was repeated 2 weeks later (period 2) to test reproducibility. In phase II, animals were administered either intramuscular morphine (10 mg kg^?1) or saline 0.9%. TTs (maximum 68 °C) were determined before and 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after treatment administration. Data were analyzed using one-way anova (temporal changes and repeatability) and paired t tests (reproducibility and treatment comparisons) using Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05).

Results

Mean TT values were 57.4 ± 3.8 °C and 57.3 ± 4.3 °C for periods 1 and 2, respectively. Data were repeatable within each period (p = 0.83 and p = 0.07, respectively). Reproducibility between periods was remarkable (p = 0.86). False-positive responses during sham testing were 10%. TTs were significantly increased after morphine administration at 2, 4 and 8 hours compared with baseline, and at 2 and 4 hours compared with saline 0.9%. The highest TT was 67.7 ± 0.7 °C at 4 hours after morphine administration.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Testing was repeatable, reproducible and well tolerated in bearded dragons. TT nociceptive testing detected morphine administration and may be suitable for studying opioid regimens in bearded dragons.  相似文献   

Furanoditerpene ester and thiocarbonyldioxy derivatives inhibit photosynthesis     

Beatriz King-Díaz  Flávio José Leite dos Santos  Dalton Luiz Ferreira-Alves  Blas Lotina-Hennsen 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,96(3):119-126

6α,7β-Dihydroxyvouacapan-17β-oic acid (1) and methyl 6α,7β-dihydroxyvouacapan-17β-oate (8) were isolated from Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth. 1 was modified to obtain 6α-hydroxyvouacapan-7-β,17β lactone (2). Then, 6-oxovouacapan-7β,17β lactone (3) was obtained from 2. The furanoditerpene ester derivatives: propyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (4), butyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (5), 2-methoxyethyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (6) and 3-methylbut-2-enyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (7) were synthesized from (3) and methyl 6α,7β-thiocarbonyldioxyvouacapan-17β-oate (9) was obtained from (8). In this work, the lactone ester derivatives 4-7 and 9 were tested on photosynthetic activities in an attempt to search for new compounds as potential herbicide agents that affect photosynthesis. All compounds inhibited ATP synthesis and electron flow from water to MV, therefore, they act as Hill reaction inhibitors, being 4- to 9-fold more potent than 2 and 3 as inhibitors of ATP synthesis. Their interaction site was located at PSII in a similar way to diuron. Furthermore, furanoditerpene esters 6 and 7 act as uncouplers, and were corroborated by enhancement of the light-activated Mg²⁺-ATPase, while 5 act as an energy transfer inhibitor. Finally 5-7 behave as herbicides, since they inhibit the biomass production of weeds assay.  相似文献   

Establishment of cryopreserved gene banks of European chestnut and cork oak     

Nieves Vidal  Ana M. Vieitez  M. Rosario Fernández  Beatriz Cuenca  Antonio Ballester 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(4):635-643

Cryopreservation of selected genotypes of European chestnut and cork oak was carried out in two laboratories in a project involving conservation of field collections. Plant material was selected on the basis of disease resistance (chestnut), growth habit, phytosanitary performance and cork quality (cork oak). The cryopreservation technique comprised of vitrification of shoot apices isolated from in vitro stock shoot cultures (chestnut) and somatic embryos (cork oak). Forty-three out of 46 chestnut genotypes assayed survived the freezing process, but only 63% recovered their capacity to produce new shoots. After completion of multiplication and rooting steps, the surviving shoots produced plants that were morphologically identical to those derived from non-supercooled material. All 51 cork oak genotypes withstood freezing and were able to produce new somatic embryos through a process of secondary embryogenesis. Multiplication and germination of the recovered embryos enabled production of plants that were morphologically identical to those derived from non-supercooled material. In light of the results obtained, long-term cryopreservation of these species is feasible, thereby ensuring conservation of valuable genotypes during field evaluation.  相似文献   

Differential display and suppression subtractive hybridization analysis of the pulp of ripening banana     

Adriana de Godoy  Beatriz Rosana CordenunsiFranco Maria Lajolo  João Roberto Oliveira do Nascimento 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

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Apple scab control and activation of plant defence responses using potassium phosphite and chitosan     

Ricardo B. Felipini  José I. Boneti  Yoshinori Katsurayama  Argus C. Rocha Neto  Beatriz Veleirinho  Marcelo Maraschin  Robson M. Di Piero 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(4):929-939

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