Influence of Humic Products on Soil Health and Potato Production     

Mir-M Seyedbagheri 《Potato Research》2010,53(4):341-349

Since 1900, soil organic matter (SOM) in farmlands worldwide has declined drastically as a result of carbon turnover and cropping systems. Over the past 17 years, research trials were established to evaluate the efficacy of different commercial humates products on potato production. Data from humic acid (HA) trials showed that different cropping systems responded differently to different products in relation to yield and quality. Important qualifying factors included: source; concentration; processing; chelating or complexing capacity of the humic acid products; functional groups (Carboxyl; Phenol; Hydroxyl; Ketone; Ester; Ether; Amine), rotation and soil quality factors; consistency of the product in enhancing yield and quality of potato crops; mineralization effect; and influence on fertilizer use efficiency. Properties of humic substances, major constituents of soil organic matter, include chelation, mineralization, buffer effect, clay mineral-organic interaction, and cation exchange. Humates increase phosphorus availability by complexing ions into stable compounds, allowing the phosphorus ion to remain exchangeable for plants’ uptake. Collectively, the consistent use of good quality products in our replicated research plots in different years resulted in a yield increase from 11.4% to the maximum of 22.3%. Over the past decade, there has been a major increase in the quality of research and development of organic and humic acid products by some well-established manufacturers. Our experimentations with these commercial products showed an increase in the yield and quality of crops.  相似文献   

Studies on hollownesss regulation and properties of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers     

Dongqing Zhang  Jingli Shi  Quangui Guo  Yan Song  Lang Liu 《Fibers and Polymers》2012,13(4):495-500

The hollowness of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers was regulated successfully from 9 % to 80 % by adjusting the curing temperature of the partially crosslinked fibers. The partially crosslinked fibers was studied in detail by mass gained, tensile strength, solvent dissolution, SEM, IR, and TG analysis, and the prepared hollow phenolic fibers with different degrees of hollowness were characterized with SEM, tensile strength, TG-DSC and TG-MS. The results show that the factor determining the hollowness is the crosslinked extent of the partially crosslinked fibers and the hollow fibers with different degrees of hollowness have similar crosslinkage, mechanical properties and thermal stability.  相似文献   

Efficiency of methods applied for goat estrous synchronization in subtropical monsoonal climate zone of Southwest China     

Yongju Zhao  Jiahua Zhang  Hong Wei  Xinming Sun  Biao Mu  Mingju Yu  Lingbing Wang 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1257-1262

Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1, a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF_2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF_2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF_2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively.  相似文献   

Effects of additive iron on growth,tissue distribution,haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus aurata</Emphasis>     

George Rigos  Alexandros Samartzis  Morgane Henry  Eleni Fountoulaki  Efthimia Cotou  John Sweetman  Simon Davies  Ioannis Nengas 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(6):1093-1104

The comparative effects of iron-supplemented levels on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (2 g) were investigated, using four organic (50, 100, 200, 300 mg ORG/kg diet) and one inorganic iron source (200 INOR mg/kg diet). Fish were treated for 12 weeks with the experimental diets and maintained at a water temperature of 19–22°C. Growth (final weight and specific growth rate), tissue distribution (spleen, liver and muscle), haematological parameters (red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and non-specific immune indexes (respiratory burst activity and antibacterial activity of serum) were analysed. No significant differences were found in growth and iron tissue distribution among the tested groups. Red blood cell counting was statistically higher in fish given 50 ORG, 100 ORG, 200 ORG and 200 INOR feeds. However, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significantly affected by increasing dietary iron. Fish receiving the 100 ORG diet had the best performance with respect to the respiratory burst activity and significantly higher values for antibacterial activity of serum were obtained in fish fed with the 300 ORG diet. The present findings provided no clear evidence of the optimum iron concentration. However, there was adequate indication that iron supplementation enhanced the performance of gilthead sea bream, mainly from a haematological and immunological point of view.  相似文献   

Pamela Walker: Growing good things to eat in Texas: Profiles of organic farmers and ranchers across the state     

Patrick T. Lillard 《Agriculture and Human Values》2010,27(4):527-528

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Metabolism of the pesticide metabolites 4-nitrophenol and 3,4-dichloroaniline in carrot (Daucus carota) cell suspension cultures     

Burkhard Schmidt  Brigitte Thiede  Christiane Rivero 《Pest management science》1994,40(3):231-238

The metabolism of [ 14 C]-4-nitrophenol and [ 14 C]-3,4-dichloroaniline (the xenobiotics are degradation products of parathion and propanil, respectively) was studied in cell suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L.). 4-Nitrophenol was transformed almost quantitatively to water-soluble conjugates with minor amounts of non-extractable residues. The conjugates identified were 1-(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-nitrobenzene and 1-(6′-O-malonyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-nitrobenzene. In addition, two unidentified metabolites were observed, possibly a disaccharide and another malonylated glycoside of 4-nitrophenol. Time-course studies demonstrated that 4-nitrophenol was rapidly taken up and conjugated; all metabolites remained associated with the cells rather than nutrient medium. 3,4-Dichloroaniline was transformed quantitatively to water-soluble conjugates and bound residues (3.6%). The water-soluble metabolites were identified as 6′-O-malonyl-N-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,4-dichloroaniline, N-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,4-dichloroaniline and N-malonyl-3,4-dichloroaniline. A time-course study showed that the glucosides were formed initially, then decreased, possibly due to hydrolysis. This decrease was paralleled by an increase of the main metabolite, N-malonyl-3,4-dichloroaniline, which was predominantly recovered from the medium.  相似文献   

The gold standard of veterinary oral health care.     

Benjamin Colmery 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(4):781-7, v

Veterinary dentistry has evolved to the point that consumers now demand and expect the best oral health care possible for their pets. The gold standard is an attainable goal for all veterinary practices that provide oral health care. If the practice chooses to improve its delivery system, the changes should be rewarding.  相似文献   

Molecular breeding for virus resistant potato plants     

Marianne J. Huisman  Erik Jongedijk  Dinie Posthumus-Lutke Willink  Frank Van Der Wilk  Ben J. C. Cornelissen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):29-36

To engineer resistance against potato virus X (PVX), the viral coat protein (CP) gene has been introduced into two potato cultivars. Stable expression of the gene in transgenic clones throughout the growing season has been obtained and resulted in considerably increased virus resistance. With varying frequencies depending on the original cultivar used, true-to-type PVX resistant transgenic clones have been obtained. Since deviant light sprout characteristics were invariably associated with aberrations in plant phenotype, they can be used in procedures to early screen for deviations. Furthermore, it has been possible to unequivocally discriminate between the original untransformed and independent transgenic cultivars. Although no relation has been found between the presence, if any, of the CP of potato virus Y (PVY) or potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in CP gene transgenic potato, appreciable levels of resistance to these viruses has been obtained. This suggests that the mechanism by which a viral CP gene in the potato genome evokes resistance, differs amongst various viruses.  相似文献   

Metabolism of [ring-2,6-14]parathion in plant cell suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), soybean,thorn apple (Datura stramonium) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)     

Doris Van Der Krol  Ingolf Schuphan  Brigitte Thiede  Burkhard Schmidt 《Pest management science》1995,45(2):143-152

By means of standardized procedures, the metabolism of [ring-2,6-¹⁴C]-parathion was investigated in carrot (Daucus carota L.), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.), soybean (Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Mandarin’?, and Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Harosoy 63’? cultivated on B5 and Miller media, respectively), thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell suspension cultures. In the wheat and soybean (Mandarin) cells only 2.9 and 8.9%, respectively, of the applied parthion remained unmetabolized after 48 h of incubation, while 51.2, 57.9, 60.3, and 62.4% of the unchanged parent were detected in the D. purpurea, D. Stramonium, carrot and soybean (Harosoy) cultures, respectively. In all suspensions, paraoxon and 4-nitrophenol were found as phase I metabolites, thus demonstrating that plant tissues can catalyse oxidative desulfuration and dearylation of parathion. 4-Nitrophenol was also glycosylated with glucose and possibly galactose. Further, as yet unidentified, metabolites indicated that bio-transformations had also occurred at the aromatic moiety. Large amounts of non-extractable residues were detected in the wheat suspension (38.3%), while the other cultures showed a lower incorporation of ¹⁴C into insoluble cell material (0.9-9.4%). For a prospective ecotoxicological evaluation of the metabolic fate of pesticides and xenobiotics in plants in general, the differential metabolic capacity of plant cell cultures and plants should be taken into account.  相似文献   

Monoclonal Gammopathy in a Dog With Chronic Pyoderma     

Mary Jo Burkhard  Dennis J. Meyer  Rod A. Rosychuk  Shawn P. O'Neil  Patricia C. Schultheiss 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(5):357-360

A monoclonal gammopathy composed of immunoglobulin G, with concurrent light-chain proteinuria and generalized lymph node plasmacytosis, was associated with chronic pyoderma in a dog. A uniform population of plasma cells was observed cytologically and histologically in multiple lymph node specimens. A diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance was eventually made by exclusion of other known causes of monoclonal gammopathy, resolution after antibiotic therapy, and no evidence of lymphoproliferative disease after 11 months of follow-up and subsequent necropsy. This report expands the diagnostic considerations for monoclonal gammopathies in the dog.  相似文献