Effect of the spray application technique on the deposition of entomopathogenic nematodes in vegetables     

Brusselman E  Beck B  Pollet S  Temmerman F  Spanoghe P  Moens M  Nuyttens D 《Pest management science》2012,68(3):444-453

BACKGROUND: The present study compared entomopathogenic nematode delivery at the base of savoy cabbage and cauliflower, at the lower side of savoy cabbage and cauliflower leaves and in leek stems and the ground deposition using a five‐nozzle spray boom equipped with an ISO 08 flat fan, an air induction flat fan and Twinjet spray nozzles. Additionally, an air support system and a row application system were evaluated. RESULTS: Approximately 40% of the applied nematodes did not reach the foot of the cabbage plants. The use of an air support system or a row application system improved nematode deposition at the savoy cabbage base. Relative nematode deposition on the lower side of savoy cabbage leaves was 27.20%, while only 2.64% of the applied nematodes reached the lower side of cauliflower leaves. After spraying leek with a standard boom, a low relative nematode deposition (26.64%) was measured in the leek stem. Nozzle type affected the distribution of nematodes in droplet spots. CONCLUSION: Nozzle type has a minor effect on the number of entomopathogenic nematodes delivered on difficult‐to‐reach targets. The use of modified spray application techniques directing the spray to the target site are necessary to increase the chances of contact of entomopathogenic nematodes with their target. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Occurrence of Cucurbit Yellow Stunting Disorder Virus (CYSDV) and Beet Pseudo-yellows Virus in Cucurbit Crops in Spain and Transmission of CYSDV by Two Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Benjamín Berdiales  Juan J. Bernal  Elisa Sáez  Bert Woudt  Francisco Beitia  Emilio Rodríguez-Cerezo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(2):211-215

The relative occurrence in Spain of two whitefly transmitted closteroviruses causing similar yellowing diseases in melon and cucumber greenhouse crops was studied. Based on a RT-PCR assay, a 1994–1997 survey of Spanish greenhouses showed that the recently described Bemisia tabaci-transmitted cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) has displaced the Trialeurodes vaporariorum-transmitted beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV), a virus that was present in the area since the late 1970s. The CYSDV transmission rates by each of the two biotypes of B. tabaci present in Spain were compared. The results showed that the ubiquitous B biotype and the resident Q biotype (found in Spain and Portugal) were able to transmit CYSDV with similar efficiency.  相似文献   

Interview with prof Dr. Bert Urlings     

Urlings B 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2005,130(9):281-283

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Use of the carbon dioxide laser for perianal and rectal surgery.     

Bert A Shelley 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(3):621-37, vii

The skin of the perianal region is very thin and sensitive. The carbon dioxide laser is a very effective tool for removing tumors and treating conditions of this area. It offers a "no touch" method of treatment for conditions of the perianal region. There is less bleeding, less pain, less swelling with the use of the carbon dioxide laser. The carbon dioxide laser is an effective tool for excising perianal tumors, rectal tumors, performing anal sacculectomies and treating perianal fistulas.  相似文献   

Primary Erythrocytosis in a 2-Year-Old Arabian Gelding     

Dianne McFarlane  Debra C. Sellon  Bert Parker 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(5):384-388

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Distribution of methyl bromide in soils treated for nematode control in replant vineyards     

Nabil Abdalla  Dewey J. Raski  Bert Lear  Richard V. Schmitt 《Pest management science》1974,5(3):259-269

Methyl bromide was applied with and without polyethylene covers at rates of 337, 449, 673 and 898 kg/ha to replant vineyard soils to control plant parasitic nematodes. Distribution of the gas in the soil atmosphere at different depths was measured by gas chromatography. Higher doses, low soil moisture and deeper placement of methyl bromide resulted in more rapid soil penetration and higher concentrations of the gas at the deeper soil levels. Placement of methyl bromide in the soil at 0.76-0.81 m without polyethylene cover resulted in gas distribution at concentrations sufficient for nematode kill as deep as 2.44 m.  相似文献   

The immune response against Chlamydia suis genital tract infection partially protects against re-infection     

Evelien De Clercq  Bert Devriendt  Lizi Yin  Koen Chiers  Eric Cox  Daisy Vanrompay 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

The aim of the present study was to reveal the characteristic features of genital Chlamydia suis infection and re-infection in female pigs by studying the immune response, pathological changes, replication of chlamydial bacteria in the genital tract and excretion of viable bacteria. Pigs were intravaginally infected and re-infected with C. suis strain S45, the type strain of this species. We demonstrated that S45 is pathogenic for the female urogenital tract. Chlamydia replication occurred throughout the urogenital tract, causing inflammation and pathology. Furthermore, genital infection elicited both cellular and humoral immune responses. Compared to the primo-infection of pigs with C. suis, re-infection was characterized by less severe macroscopic lesions and less chlamydial elementary bodies and inclusions in the urogenital tract. This indicates the development of a certain level of protection following the initial infection. Protective immunity against re-infection coincided with higher Chlamydia-specific IgG and IgA antibody titers in sera and vaginal secretions, higher proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), higher percentages of blood B lymphocytes, monocytes and CD8⁺ T cells and upregulated production of IFN-γ and IL-10 by PBMC.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0095-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Partial retraction. Detection of an infectious retrovirus, XMRV, in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome     

Silverman RH  Das Gupta J  Lombardi VC  Ruscetti FW  Pfost MA  Hagen KS  Peterson DL  Ruscetti SK  Bagni RK  Petrow-Sadowski C  Gold B  Dean M  Mikovits JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6053):176

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A Clue to the Origin of the Bilateria?     

Rieger RM  Ladurner P  Hobmayer B  Martindale MQ  Finnerty JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5708):353-5; author reply 353-5

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Allelic variation in human gene expression     

Yan H  Yuan W  Velculescu VE  Vogelstein B  Kinzler KW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5584):1143

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