Characterisation of porcine haemophili isolated from Australian pigs between 1988 and 1992     

PJ BLACKALL  JL PAHOFF 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(1):18-21

SUMMARY A total of 362 haemophili, isolated from pigs throughout Australia, were characterised by phenotypic properties. Most were identified as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (296 isolates) or Haemophilus parasuis (52 isolates). The remaining isolates were identified as Haemophilus Taxon ‘minor group’ (12 isolates) and Haemophilus Taxon D (two isolates). All 296 A pleuropneumoniae isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination and/or gel diffusion, using rabbit antisera against all 12 recognised serovars. Of these, only 156 (52.7%) could be assigned to a single serovar as follows: serovar 1–85 isolates, serovar 2–4 isolates, serovar 3–2 isolates, serovar 5–10 isolates, serovar 7–51 isolates, serovar 11–2 isolates and serovar 12–2 isolates. Of the remaining 140 isolates, 91 gave cross-reactions with serovars 3 and 6, one cross-reacted with serovars 9 and 10, one cross-reacted with serovars 9 and 11 whereas 47 gave no reaction with any of the antisera.  相似文献   

Clinicopathological characteristics of histiocytic sarcoma affecting the central nervous system in dogs     

Izumi Toyoda  William Vernau  Beverly K. Sturges  Karen M. Vernau  John Rossmeisl  Kurt Zimmerman  Chelsea M. Crowe  Kevin Woolard  Michelle Giuffrida  Robert J. Higgins  Peter J. Dickinson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(2):828-837

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Congenital myasthenic syndrome in Golden Retrievers is associated with a novel COLQ mutation     

Kate L. Tsai  Karen M. Vernau  Kathryn Winger  Danielle M. Zwueste  Beverly K. Sturges  Marguerite Knipe  D. Colette Williams  Kendall J. Anderson  Jacquelyn M. Evans  Ling T. Guo  Leigh Anne Clark  G. Diane Shelton 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(1):258-265

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Presence of Maedi Visna Virus (MVV)‐Proviral DNA in the Genital Tissues of Naturally Infected Ewes     

C Cortez‐Romero  F Fieni  P Russo  M Pepin  C Roux  JL Pellerin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):e1-e6

Maedi Visna virus (MVV) causes progressive degenerative inflammatory disease in multiple organs including the lungs (pneumonia, ‘maedi’), mammary gland, joints and nervous system (meningoencephalomyelitis, ‘visna’) in sheep. Maedi Visna Virus has been detected in macrophages of several tissues and epithelial cells in vivo: bone marrow, cells of the central nervous system, lung and bronchial tissues, milk epithelial cells recovered from milk samples and epithelial cells of mammary tissue. However, the presence of MVV in the genital tracts of naturally infected ewes has not previously been studied. The aim of this study was to use nested‐PCR, targeting the gag gene, to determine whether genital tissues (ovaries, oviducts and uterus) from 83 ewes originating from various breeding herds in the South‐East of France were positive for MVV‐proviral DNA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) tested positive for MVV‐proviral DNA, using nested‐PCR analysis, in 57.8% of ewes (48/83). The provirus was also identified in 47% (78/166) of the ovaries, 38.6% (64/166) of the oviducts and 45.8% (38/83) of the uteri sampled. These findings clearly demonstrate, for the first time, that tissue samples from the genital tract of ewes (ovary, oviduct and uterus) can be infected with MVV. This suggests that there is a risk of vertical and/or horizontal transmission of MVV during embryo transfer from embryos produced in vivo or in vitro.  相似文献   

Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs     

Wong VM  Kidney BA  Snead EC  Myers SL  Jackson ML 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(3):380-383

Background: C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive marker for inflammation in people and dogs. In people, an association between CRP concentration and atherosclerosis has been reported. Atherosclerosis is rare in dogs, but the Miniature Schnauzer breed may be at increased risk for developing this vascular disease. It is not known if CRP concentrations in Miniature Schnauzer dogs differ from those in other dog breeds. Objectives: Our objectives were to validate an automated human CRP assay for measuring CRP in dogs and compare CRP concentrations in healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs with those in non‐Miniature Schnauzer breeds. Methods: Sera from 37 non‐Miniature Schnauzer dogs with inflammatory disease were pooled and used to validate a human CRP immunoturbidimetric assay for measuring canine CRP. Blood was collected from 20 healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs and 41 healthy dogs of other breeds. Median serum CRP concentration of healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs was compared with that of healthy non‐Miniature Schnauzer dogs. Results: The human CRP assay measured CRP reliably with linearity between 0 and 20 mg/L. CRP concentration for healthy Miniature Schnauzer dogs (median 4.0 mg/L, minimum–maximum 0–18.2 mg/L) was significantly higher than for the healthy non‐Miniature Schnauzer dogs (median 0.1 mg/L, minimum–maximum 0–10.7 mg/L); 17 of the 20 Miniature Schnauzer dogs had values that overlapped with those of the non‐Miniature Schnauzer dogs. Conclusions: Median CRP concentration of Miniature Schnauzer dogs was slightly higher than that of other breeds of dogs. A relationship between higher CRP concentration in Miniature Schnauzer dogs and idiopathic hyperlipidemia, pancreatitis, and possible increased risk for atherosclerosis remains to be determined.  相似文献   

Decadal trends in net ecosystem production and net ecosystem carbon balance for a regional socioecological system     

David P. Turner  William D. RittsZhiqiang Yang  Robert E. KennedyWarren B. Cohen  Maureen V. DuanePeter E. Thornton  Beverly E. Law 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(7):1318-1325

Carbon sequestration is increasingly recognized as an ecosystem service, and forest management has a large potential to alter regional carbon fluxes − notably by way of harvest removals and related impacts on net ecosystem production (NEP). In the Pacific Northwest region of the US, the implementation of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) in 1993 established a regional socioecological system focused on forest management. The NWFP resulted in a large (82%) decrease in the rate of harvest removals on public forest land, thus significantly impacting the regional carbon balance. Here we use a combination of remote sensing and ecosystem modeling to examine the trends in NEP and net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in this region over the 1985-2007 period, with particular attention to land ownership since management now differs widely between public and private forestland. In the late 1980s, forestland in both ownership classes was subject to high rates of harvesting, and consequently the land was a carbon source (i.e. had a negative NECB). After the policy driven reduction in the harvest level, public forestland became a large carbon sink − driven in part by increasing NEP − whereas private forestland was close to carbon neutral. In the 2003-2007 period, the trend towards carbon accumulation on public lands continued despite a moderate increase in the extent of wildfire. The NWFP was originally implemented in the context of biodiversity conservation, but its consequences in terms of carbon sequestration are also of societal interest. Ultimately, management within the NWFP socioecological system will have to consider trade-offs among these and other ecosystem services.  相似文献   

Measurement of Parity Nonconservation and an Anapole Moment in Cesium     

CS Wood  SC Bennett  D Cho  BP Masterson  JL Roberts  CE Tanner  CE Wieman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1759-1763

The amplitude of the parity-nonconserving transition between the 6S and 7S states of cesium was precisely measured with the use of a spin-polarized atomic beam. This measurement gives Im(E1pnc)/beta = -1.5935(56) millivolts per centimeter and provides an improved test of the standard model at low energy, including a value for the S parameter of -1.3(3)exp (11)theory. The nuclear spin-dependent contribution was 0.077(11) millivolts per centimeter; this contribution is a manifestation of parity violation in atomic nuclei and is a measurement of the long-sought anapole moment.  相似文献   

The precision and robustness of published protocols for disc diffusion assays of antimicrobial agent susceptibility: an inter-laboratory study     

Saoirse Nic Gabhainn   ivind Bergh  Beverly Dixon  Linda Donachie  Jeremy Carson  Rosie Coyne  John Curtin  Inger Dalsgaard  Amedeo Manfrin  Grace Maxwell  Pete Smith 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,240(1-4):1-18

The precision of the disc diffusion protocols previously published by Alderman and Smith (Aquaculture 196 (2002) 211) was analysed in a seven-laboratory trial using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as the test strain. Discs containing seven antimicrobial agents were employed and 2899 zone size measurements were generated. The total data generated in the trial was used to quantify the intra- and inter-laboratory precisions. The study design also facilitated the investigation of the influence of the source of media and the source of discs on zone sizes. A smaller two-laboratory trial was employed to investigate the influence of incubation time of zone size.

The intra-laboratory precision was relatively high with the mean of the coefficients of variation calculated for each laboratory and each agent being 4.7%. In contrast, the inter-laboratory precision was very much lower with the mean of the values for each agent being 11.1%. Significant influences on zone size were detected for all three parameters of the protocol. Media source effects were particularly notable with respect to oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid discs, disc source effects with respect to ampicillin and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim discs and incubation times with the ampicillin and amoxycillin discs. ANOVA analysis of the total data set confirmed that inter-laboratory variation was the major factor influencing the low precision of the protocol.

The overall precision of the protocols used here was found to be significantly lower than that implied by the control limits associated with the same bacterium in other validated disc diffusion protocols. The implications of these results, for the further development of the protocols under investigation, are discussed.  相似文献   

Comparison of Membrane‐Permeant Fluorescent Probes for Sperm Viability Assessment in the Ram     

JL Yániz  I Palacín  S Vicente‐Fiel  J Gosalvez  C López‐Fernández  P Santolaria 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(4):598-603

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness and usability of four permeant fluorochromes (CFDA; SYBR‐14; Hoechst‐33342; and acridine orange), combined with propidium iodide to assess sperm membrane integrity. Three different experiments were conducted. The first trial was designed to study the optimal dye concentration and minimum incubation time required to achieve optimum fluorescence intensities and contrast for each fluorochrome combination using ram fresh semen samples. Both SYBR‐14 and acridine orange allowed a direct assessment of sperm membrane integrity, without the need of incubating samples, whereas a minimum of 4 and 6 min of incubation at 37°C was necessary to achieve optimum fluorescence intensities in the CFDA and Hoechst groups, respectively. In the second trial, fresh semen samples were mixed with different volumes of membrane‐affected sperm (semen treated with three cycles of freezing to ?20°C and thawing at room temperature) to produce semen samples with known proportions of damaged spermatozoa. The results were compared with the theoretical values predicted on the basis of the estimations made on fresh and frozen samples. The proportions of damaged sperm in each sample determined using the four fluorochrome combinations agreed with the predicted theoretical values, with the acridine orange/propidium iodide providing the best adjustment. The third experiment was performed to compare the results of sperm membrane integrity using the four fluorochrome combinations. The proportions of plasmalemma‐intact sperm determined by acridine orange and SYBR‐14 were greater (p < 0.0001) than the proportions of intact sperm determined by CFDA and Hoechst stains. It was concluded that the most efficient combinations to be used in ram sperm were AO/PI and SYBR/PI because it allowed a direct assessment of sperm viability without the need to incubate samples and obtaining reliable results.  相似文献   

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an issue for veterinary hospitals     

JL Allen  LA Abraham  K Thompson  GF Browning 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(6):215-219

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