Intracranial pressure monitoring in normal dogs using subdural and intraparenchymal miniature strain‐gauge transducers     

Beverly K. Sturges  Peter J. Dickinson  Linda D. Tripp  Irina Udaltsova  Richard A. LeCouteur 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):708-716

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DRIS diagnoses of soybean nitrogen,phosphorus, and potassium status are unsatisfactory     

Reuben B. Beverly 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1431-1447

Previous research has shown that the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is useful to identify the nutrient most likely to limit yield of soybean (Glycine max). However, recent work with other crops has shown that DRIS diagnoses are sometimes unsatisfactory due to large numbers of false positve (F+) diagnoses, which would lead to recommendation of unnecessary fertilizer application. This paper reports a reconsideration using the prescient diagnostic analysis approach of data previously used to establish the diagnostic utility of DRIS for soybean. In addition to previously‐published evaluation criteria, the approach is extended by defining an efficiency rating which accounts for differences in the incidence of sufficient and deficient cases. Using this evaluation approach, DRIS phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) diagnoses of soybean using numerous sources of norms and methods to calculate function values and nutrient indices led to unacceptable efficiency ratings (<67%), even though accuracies often exceeded 90%. In one test, diagnoses of nitrogen (N), P, and K by both DRIS and sufficiency ranges were low in accuracy and efficiency ratings. In several other tests, poor ratings for P diagnoses often followed from low accuracy among deficient cases; i.e. false negative (F‐) diagnoses were excessive. In contrast, K diagnoses were often poor due to low accuracy among cases of sufficiency: false positive (F+) diagnoses were excessive. Despite much modification, DRIS diagnoses of soybean N, P, and K status among data sets of known response to fertilizer application are not sufficiently reliable to support routine adoption of DRIS for diagnosis.  相似文献   

Computational biology. Does it compute? Introduction     

Vinson V  Purnell BA  Zahn LM  Travis J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6078):171

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High-frequency analysis of the complex linkage between soil CO(2) fluxes, photosynthesis and environmental variables     

Martin JG  Phillips CL  Schmidt A  Irvine J  Law BE 《Tree physiology》2012,32(1):49-64

High-frequency soil CO(2) flux data are valuable for providing new insights into the processes of soil CO(2) production. A record of hourly soil CO(2) fluxes from a semi-arid ponderosa pine stand was spatially and temporally deconstructed in attempts to determine if variation could be explained by logical drivers using (i) CO(2) production depths, (ii) relationships and lags between fluxes and soil temperatures, or (iii) the role of canopy assimilation in soil CO(2) flux variation. Relationships between temperature and soil fluxes were difficult to establish at the hourly scale because diel cycles of soil fluxes varied seasonally, with the peak of flux rates occurring later in the day as soil water content decreased. Using a simple heat transport/gas diffusion model to estimate the time and depth of CO(2) flux production, we determined that the variation in diel soil CO(2) flux patterns could not be explained by changes in diffusion rates or production from deeper soil profiles. We tested for the effect of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) by minimizing soil flux covariance with temperature and moisture using only data from discrete bins of environmental conditions (±1 °C soil temperature at multiple depths, precipitation-free periods and stable soil moisture). Gross ecosystem productivity was identified as a possible driver of variability at the hourly scale during the growing season, with multiple lags between ~5, 15 and 23 days. Additionally, the chamber-specific lags between GEP and soil CO(2) fluxes appeared to relate to combined path length for carbon flow (top of tree to chamber center). In this sparse and heterogeneous forested system, the potential link between CO(2) assimilation and soil CO(2) flux may be quite variable both temporally and spatially. For model applications, it is important to note that soil CO(2) fluxes are influenced by many biophysical factors, which may confound or obscure relationships with logical environmental drivers and act at multiple temporal and spatial scales; therefore, caution is needed when attributing soil CO(2) fluxes to covariates like temperature, moisture and GEP.  相似文献   

Guidelines for resident training in veterinary clinical pathology. III: cytopathology and surgical pathology     

Beverly A. Kidney  Sharon M. Dial  Mary M. Christopher 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(3):281-287

The Education Committee of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology has identified a need for improved structure and guidance of training residents in clinical pathology. This article is the third in a series of articles that address this need. The goals of this article are to describe learning objectives and competencies in knowledge, abilities, and skills in cytopathology and surgical pathology (CSP); provide options and ideas for training activities; and identify resources in veterinary CSP for faculty, training program coordinators, and residents. Guidelines were developed in consultation with Education Committee members and peer experts and with evaluation of the literature. The primary objectives of training in CSP are: (1) to develop a thorough, extensive, and relevant knowledge base of biomedical and clinical sciences applicable to the practice of CSP in domestic animals, laboratory animals, and other nondomestic animal species; (2) to be able to reason, think critically, investigate, use scientific evidence, and communicate effectively when making diagnoses and consulting and to improve and advance the practice of pathology; and (3) to acquire selected technical skills used in CSP and pathology laboratory management. These guidelines define expected competencies that will help ensure proficiency, leadership, and the advancement of knowledge in veterinary CSP and will provide a useful framework for didactic and clinical activities in resident‐training programs.  相似文献   

Anomalous Pregnancies during Late Embryonic/Early Foetal Period in High Producing Dairy Cows     

B Serrano  F López-Gatius  RHF Hunter  P Santolaria  I García-Ispierto  G Bech-Sabat  NM de Sousa  JF Beckers  JL Yániz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(4):672-676

This study analyses anomalous cases of gestation ending in pregnancy loss during the early foetal period and their effect on progesterone and plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (PAG-1) concentrations. Data derived from a large-scale ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis programme in high producing dairy cows. Over a 3-year period (2004–2007), a very low incidence (0.5%: 15 of 3094) of anomalous pregnancies was recorded. The results revealed that the following anomalies were detected on days 35–41 of gestation in cows carrying singletons with one single corpus luteum: embryo death in eight cows (0.3%); and embryo in the uterine horn contralateral to the corpus luteum in seven cows (0.2%). All these animals suffered pregnancy loss during the early foetal period. In cows carrying dead embryos, no signs of conceptus degeneration were observed on pregnancy diagnosis. Amnion size (approximately 25 mm diameter) and uterine horn fluid contents were estimated to be similar to those of the normal pregnant cows in this period. In the contralateral gestations, live embryos were observed in all ultrasound checks before pregnancy loss. Uterine fluid contents increased in the two cows in which gestation continued for more than a week. In the cases of embryo death but not in those of contralateral gestation, a drop in PAG-1 levels was noted prior to pregnancy loss. Two cows carrying dead embryos increased with time allantoic fluid contents. The PAG-1 values increased with time in one cow bearing a dead embryo (from 2.31 to 6.79 ng/ml) and in two of the contralateral gestations (from 1.66 to 2.33 ng/ml and from 0.39 to 6.79 ng/ml, respectively). Results of this study indicate that the foetal membranes continue to undergo some activity following embryo death, and that contralateral pregnancy may determine failure of the gestation process.  相似文献   

Third‐compartment cannulation in alpacas using a polyurethane gastrostomy tube     

GW Smith  MP Gerard  NB Campbell  DM Foster  SM Smith  JL Davis 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(12):487-491

Objective To develop a simple and effective surgical technique for third‐compartment cannulation in alpacas. Design Prospective study using six adult male alpacas. Methods General anaesthesia was induced and a polyurethane gastrostomy tube was surgically implanted into the distal portion of the third compartment. Results Three of the alpacas retained their cannulas for a 100‐day period; however, three cannulas were dislodged during the study. Two of the three dislodged cannulas were replaced during a second surgical procedure. Cannulas were well tolerated by the alpacas and all animals remained clinically healthy during the study period. Third compartment contents did not leak from the cannulation site. The tubes were manually removed following the completion of the study and the small defect in the body wall quickly healed over in all animals. Conclusion Surgical placement of polyurethane tubes designed for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a useful method of cannulating the third compartment in camelids. This technique can be used for experimental studies and possibly could be used for nutritional support and fluid therapy in sick camelids that might need long‐term care.  相似文献   

Lythrum hyssopifolia (lesser loosestrife) poisoning of sheep in Victoria     

MJ Lancaster  JS Nimmo  C Lenghaus  IJ Gill  RD Crawford  RT Badman  JL Samuel  CJ Werner  C Button  N Kvalheim 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(12):476-479

Objective To document an ovine disease attributed to the consumption of Lythrum hyssopifolia (lesser loosestrife). Procedures Historical and histological review of field and experimental cases. Results 1–20% mortality occurred in sheep flocks grazing paddocks where L. hyssopifolia was the predominant green vegetation. Well‐documented disease outbreaks occurred in summer on nine farms across Victoria between 1974 and 2002. Liver damage occurred in all nine outbreaks, with kidney damage in at least eight. Hepatocyte necrosis was usually zonal to midzonal (zone 2) in the liver samples from four farms and periacinar (zone 3) in those from three farms, but some livers showed only single‐cell necrosis. Multinucleate hepatocytes near necrotic areas were a feature in six cases. Proximal tubular epithelium appeared to be the primary renal target and brown granules were often present in renal tubules. Biochemical and histological evidence of liver and kidney damage was obtained from two sheep experimentally pen‐fed harvested L. hyssopifolia. Conclusion Chemicals in L. hyssopifolia are toxic to ovine hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells.  相似文献   

Highlights of camelid diagnoses from necropsy submissions to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, from 1998 to 2004     

Shapiro JL  Watson P  McEwen B  Carman S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2005,46(4):317-318

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Animal health laboratory reports--cattle. Bovine abortion update, 1998-2004     

McEwen B  Carman S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2005,46(1):46

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